CN117567887A - High-temperature-resistant anti-corrosion protective coating, preparation and application methods thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant anti-corrosion protective coating, a preparation method and an application method thereof. Comprises a base material, an additive and a silane coupling agent; the base material comprises Al ₂ O ₃ 、SiO ₂ 、Fe ₂ O ₃ 、K ₂ O、Na ₂ O、CaCO ₃ And water; the additives comprise silicon carbide whiskers, alumina, methylcellulose and rare earth reinforcing agents; the rare earth reinforcing agent is oxide powder of lanthanum, yttrium and samarium, and comprises the following materials in parts by weight: la ₂ O ₃ -30 parts, Y ₂ O ₃ -40 parts and SmO30-40 parts; the additive is mixed into the silane coupling agent and then the base material is added. The method reduces the risk of bulge cracking and high-temperature corrosive gas invasion in construction caused by uneven surfaces of partial carbon blocks, reduces high-temperature carbonization loss, and improves the prevention efficiencyThe protective effect is achieved.

Description

A high temperature resistant anticorrosion protective coating, preparation method and application method thereof

Technical Field

The present invention belongs to the technical field of coatings, and in particular relates to a high temperature resistant anticorrosion protective coating, and a preparation method and an application method thereof.

Background Art

Alumina ceramic-based anti-oxidation coating materials are used to form a dense anti-oxidation protective coating on the surface of the anode carbon block, verify the protective effect of the coating on the anode carbon block, and explore new ways to extend the service life of the anode carbon block and reduce carbon consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.

The prior art discloses a method for preparing an environmentally friendly water-based high-temperature resistant anticorrosive protective coating and its application, application number: CN202110324014.9, application date: 2021.03.26. The present invention relates to a method for preparing an environmentally friendly water-based high-temperature resistant protective coating and its application, and the technical invention scheme is characterized in that the environmentally friendly water-based high-temperature resistant protective coating is composed of the following components: 30%~40% sodium silicate, 1%~1.5% phenolic resin, 2%~2.5% ethylene glycol, 25%~30% alumina, 5%~10% calcium carbonate, 3%~5% silicon dioxide, 0.1%~0.2% polyanal, 0.1%~0.2% methylcellulose, 0.1%~0.2% lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene, 1%-5% silane coupling agent, and 30%~40% water. After the different components are mixed in proportion and order, stirred and dispersed at high speed, they are ground by a three-roller mill so that the fineness of the material powder reaches 1000 mesh~1200 mesh. The material prepared by the above process is applied to the surface of the protected substrate by brushing or spraying, and can be put into use after drying at room temperature for 48 hours. The protective coating has the advantages of good construction technology and film-forming conditions, high strength resistance to thermal shock, and high temperature oxidation corrosion resistance. It also has the characteristics of fatigue resistance, chemical acid and alkali corrosion resistance, good dielectric properties and low thermal conductivity, and can be widely used in industrial fields with high temperature resistance and corrosion protection requirements.

The above-mentioned public technology does not take into account the cracks that may be caused by the evaporation of water in the binder at high temperatures. Although silicate materials have high temperature resistance and high adhesion properties at high temperatures, when the antioxidant material is sprayed on the anode carbon block, because the components in the material contain at least 25% water, high-temperature water vapor may evaporate and explode at high temperatures in the carbon block, causing gaps and fine lines in the coating during the construction process, and causing the carbon block to be invaded by oxidizing and corrosive gases after the high-temperature coating is applied. This is a common problem of high-temperature coatings on the market. Therefore, how to enhance the density and high-temperature dispersibility of the coating in the production process of the coating and the manufacturing process of the material plays a key role in the field of high-temperature anti-oxidation of the coating. This application is based on the above-mentioned technical problems for research and development innovation.

Summary of the invention

The present invention solves the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a high temperature resistant anticorrosion protective coating, and a preparation method and an application method thereof.

A high _- temperature resistant anticorrosive protective coating comprises a base material, an additive and a silane coupling agent; the base material comprises _Al2O3 , _SiO2 , _Fe2O3 , _K2O , _Na2O , _CaCO3 and water; the additive comprises silicon carbide _whiskers , alumina, methyl cellulose and a rare earth reinforcing agent; the rare earth reinforcing agent is oxide powder of lanthanum, yttrium and samarium, comprising the following materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts _{of La2O3} , 35-40 parts _{of Y2O3} and 30-40 parts of SmO; the additive is mixed into the silane coupling agent and then added into the base material.

The material comprises the following parts by weight: 100 parts of base material and 20-40 parts of additive material.

The materials include the following mass ratios: the base material is Al ₂ O ₃ 49.67%, SiO ₂ 21.02%, Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.07%, K ₂ O 3.5%, Na ₂ O 6.7%, CaCO ₃ 2.5%, and the rest is water.

The material comprises the following materials in weight ratio: the weight ratio of the additive is 30% of silicon carbide whisker, 55% of aluminum oxide, 5% of methyl cellulose and 10% of rare earth reinforcing agent.

The silane coupling agent is a 10% by mass aqueous solution, and the silane coupling agent and the additive are mixed in equal volumes.

A method for preparing a high temperature resistant anticorrosion protective coating comprises the following steps:

S1, the added materials are stirred using a mixer, and then the mixed materials are ground by a three-roll mill;

S2, the ground material is then subjected to high temperature reaction at 800-1200° C. in an electric furnace for 6 hours, the material after high temperature reaction is added to the silane coupling agent aqueous solution, the high temperature reaction temperature is maintained, and the mixture is mixed and stirred in a reactor for 1 hour to obtain a mixed additive;

The mixed additives in S3 and S2 are added to the base material to prepare the coating.

In S2, the ground material is subjected to high temperature reaction at 850° C. in an electric furnace for 6 hours.

A method for applying a high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating is provided for coating and protecting an anode carbon block at room temperature.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Optimize the process and materials of coating production, develop a production method to increase the toughness of the coating, as a reinforcement for the toughness and elasticity of the new material, add a production process of an antioxidant composite combined with silicon carbide whisker material in the material production process. Silicon carbide whiskers are mainly a kind of square crystals, which have two forms, α and β, according to the structural differences. In this invention application, the selected model is β-type. The diameter of the silicon carbide whiskers used to make highly antioxidant materials is preferably 0.2~0.5um, and the length is distributed in the range of 20~30um. It is characterized by a single crystal fiber with an aspect ratio, excellent high temperature resistance and strength toughness. When combined with toughening occasions that require high temperature and high strength application materials, it can greatly enhance the overall high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of the antioxidant material and the high bonding density of the coating, and completely block the invasion and corrosion of high temperature oxidizing gases.

2. In the production process, 30% silicon carbide whisker, 55% alumina, 5% methyl cellulose and 10% rare earth reinforcing agent are first mixed in a mixer for 30 minutes, then ground by a three-roll mill, and then the combined materials are reacted at a high temperature of 800-1200°C in an electric furnace for 6 hours. The materials after the high-temperature reaction are added to an aqueous solution containing 10% silane coupling agent, and mixed and stirred in a reactor for 1 hour at high temperature without cooling. The new material of the present invention is obtained. Under the eutectic bonding effect of β-type silicon carbide whiskers and alumina at high temperature, the density between particles is higher, which is the key technology for the toughening optimization of the main core of the antioxidant coating material. In addition, the high thermal conductivity of the silicon carbide whisker itself can quickly reduce the traditional evaporation of water contained in the coating to produce fine lines and voids during construction on high-temperature carbon blocks due to its high thermal conductivity efficiency.

3. After the silicon carbide whiskers and alumina are combined through this production process, when they are added to the production components of the original antioxidant material, their toughening and antioxidant effects are improved by at least 10% compared to the traditional application of only alumina combined with silicate. In the production process, adding a 10% aqueous solution of silane coupling agent after high-temperature synthesis can make the fiber of silicon carbide whisker and the particle of α-alumina more tightly bonded. The main technical core is that when the material is coated on the anode carbon block, the whisker fiber is more densely dispersed after the reaction of the high-temperature production process, making the anti-oxidation alumina collar particles of the coating more dense and dispersed. Through the reinforcement and bonding of silicon carbide whiskers between the anti-oxidation alumina particles, the particles and particles have a coordinated and dense effect. Therefore, compared with traditional high-temperature anti-oxidation materials, it can reduce fine lines and gaps by 5%~8%, improve high-temperature anti-oxidation protection by 5%~10%, reduce the bulging and cracking caused by the uneven surface of a small part of the original carbon block during construction, and reduce the risk of high-temperature corrosive gas intrusion, reduce high-temperature carbonization loss, and more efficiently improve the protection effect. Based on the above characteristics, this coating is particularly suitable for coating and protecting anode carbon blocks at room temperature.

4. During the spraying and processing, since the coating contains rare earth enhancers, the coating base material can be modified during the preparation process, the impurity content in the coating base material can be reduced, the porosity of the coating after spraying can be reduced, and the density and aging resistance of the coating can be improved. The high temperature resistance and strength of the coating can be comprehensively improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A high-temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating comprises a base material, an additive and a silane coupling agent; the base material comprises Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaCO3 and water; the additive comprises silicon carbide whiskers, alumina, methyl cellulose and a rare earth reinforcing agent; the rare earth reinforcing agent is oxide powder of lanthanum, yttrium and samarium, comprising the following materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts _{of La2O3} , 35-40 parts _{of Y2O3} and 30-40 parts of SmO; the additive is mixed into the silane coupling agent and then added into the base material.

The high temperature resistant and anti-corrosion protective coating includes the following materials by weight: 100 parts of the base material and 20-40 parts of the additive. The base material includes the following materials in mass ratio: the base material is Al2O349.67%, SiO221.02%, Fe2O30.07%, K2O3.5%, Na2O6.7%, CaCO32.5%, and the rest is water. The additive includes the following materials in mass ratio: the weight ratio of the additive is 30% silicon carbide whisker, 55% alumina, 5% methyl cellulose, and 10% rare earth enhancer. The silane coupling agent is a 10% mass fraction aqueous solution, and the silane coupling agent and the additive are mixed in equal volumes. The silicon carbide whisker is selected from the β type, and the diameter of the silicon carbide whisker particles is 0.2~0.5um and the length is 20~30um.

A method for preparing a high temperature resistant anticorrosion protective coating comprises the following steps:

S1, the added materials are stirred using a mixer, and then the mixed materials are ground by a three-roll mill;

S2, the ground material is then subjected to high temperature reaction at 800-1200° C. in an electric furnace for 6 hours, the material after high temperature reaction is added to the silane coupling agent aqueous solution, the high temperature reaction temperature is maintained, and the mixture is mixed and stirred in a reactor for 1 hour to obtain a mixed additive;

The mixed additives in S3 and S2 are added to the base material to prepare the coating.

In S2, the ground material is subjected to high temperature reaction at 850° C. in an electric furnace for 6 hours.

A method for applying a high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating is provided for coating and protecting an anode carbon block at room temperature.

Example

1. Purpose of the test

Alumina ceramic-based anti-oxidation coating materials are used to form a dense anti-oxidation protective coating on the surface of the anode carbon block, verify the protective effect of the coating on the anode carbon block, and explore new ways to extend the service life of the anode carbon block and reduce carbon consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.

2. Test process

1. Test material composition

This test uses alumina ceramic-based high-temperature anti-oxidation coating materials, the main components of which include Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , K ₂ O, Na ₂ O and other substances, and the rest is water. The detailed components are shown in the table below:

Table 1 High temperature anti-oxidation coating material composition

2. The test was carried out in the eighth work area of the fourth electrolysis operation area, and 8 test tanks (6425#, 6426#, 6427#, 6437#, 6438#, 6439#, 6440#, 6441#) and 8 comparison tanks (6402#, 6403#, 6404#, 6405#, 6406#, 6407#, 6408#, 6409#) were selected to track the use effect.

3. Spray the anode carbon blocks, the vertical surfaces (2 large surfaces, 2 small surfaces and 4 sloped surfaces) and the 4 vertical edges and corners of the carbon blocks. Do not spray below the height of 18cm at the bottom of the carbon blocks, spray the slope above 1 small surface, and do not spray other slopes and platforms. Ensure the spraying quality and coating pole transfer quality through training and inspection, and ensure that 100% of the test poles entering the tank are qualified.

4. The first time period (June 14 - July 17, a total of 33 days): that is, the first pole replacement cycle, the height of the new pole of the test pole and the comparison pole is measured (bottom to steel beam) before the new pole enters the slot. During this time period, the test slot completes the replacement of the coated pole and the uncoated pole in the slot.

4. The second cycle (July 18 - August 8, a total of 21 days): Since the test tank began to produce residual poles on July 18, the length, width and height (bottom palm to steel beam) of the residual poles of the test tank and the comparison tank were measured, and the appearance of the residual poles was observed. After analyzing the test data and comparing the residual poles, it was determined that the conditions for early extension of the cycle were met. After discussion, it was decided that the test tank would gradually extend the cycle from August 8. Among them: 6437#, 6438#, 6439#, 6440#, and 6441# will be extended from the original 33-day cycle to 34 days starting from August 9, 6425#, 6426#, and 6427# will be extended from the original 32-day cycle to 33 days starting from August 11, and the comparison tank will maintain the original 32-day and 33-day cycles unchanged.

Table 2 Statistics of residual pole sizes of single slots in the second cycle test slots and comparison slots

5. The third period (August 8 - September 12, a total of 34 days): In order to collect data from a complete period of the test tank, this period is calculated from August 8. The average period of the test pole in this period is 33.6 days, 1.3 days more than the comparison pole.

Table 3 Statistics of single slot residual pole sizes of the third cycle test slot and comparison slot

3. Experimental data analysis

1. Second cycle

Through the statistics of the single-slot residual pole size of the test slot and the comparison slot in the second cycle, as shown in Table 2 above, the average thickness of the single slot converted according to the 32-day cycle shows that the average residual pole thickness of each slot in the test slot is generally ideal, among which the thinnest is 6426#, with an average of 205.1mm, the thickest is 6441#, with an average of 218.0mm, and the others are between 205mm and 215mm; the thinnest residual pole thickness of the comparison slot is 6404#, with an average of 176.8mm, the thickest is 6407#, with an average of 200.4mm, and the others are between 180mm and 196mm. The average thickness after conversion according to the 32-day cycle is 211.8mm for the test pole, which is 23.9mm thicker than the residual pole of the comparison slot, with obvious thickness advantage, and has the conditions for extending the cycle by 1 day.

Table 4 Analysis of residual pole size in the second cycle (mm)

In the second cycle, the test tanks 6425#, 6426#, 6427# and the comparison tanks 6402#, 6403#, 6405#, 6406#, 6407# are 32-day cycles, the test tanks 6437#, 6438#, 6439#, 6440#, 6441# and the comparison tanks 6404#, 6408#, 6409# are 33-day cycles, and the average cycle of the residual poles in the test tanks is 32.7 days, 0.6 days longer than that of the comparison tanks. Through 21 days of residual pole measurement and statistics, the length, width and thickness of the residual poles of the test poles are 18.8mm, 15.5mm and 15.8mm higher than those of the residual poles of the comparison poles, respectively. According to the actual daily consumption value of the test poles of 446.5÷32≈14mm, the test tanks can theoretically support the extension of the pole replacement cycle by one day, so the cycles of all the test tanks will be extended by one day from August 8.

2. The third cycle

The statistics of the single-slot residual pole size data of the test tank and the comparison tank in the third cycle are shown in the table above. The average thickness of the single-slot residual pole of the test tank converted to a 33-day cycle: the thinnest residual pole thickness of the test tank is 6426#, with an average of 193.6mm, the thickest is 6439#, with an average of 201.6mm, and the others are between 194mm and 199mm. The average thickness of the single-slot residual pole of the comparison tank converted to a 32-day cycle: the thickest residual pole thickness of the comparison tank is 6404#, with an average of 197.4, and the others are between 180mm and 195mm. When the residual pole cycle of the test tank is one day longer than that of the comparison tank, the average residual pole thickness of the test tank is 196.7mm, which is 7mm thicker than the residual pole of the comparison tank. The thickness of the tank with the thinnest residual pole (6426#) is also at a medium level among the comparison tanks.

Table 5 Analysis of residual pole size in the third cycle (mm)

In the third cycle, the average residual pole period of the test cell was 33.6 days, 1.3 days longer than that of the control cell. Through the measurement and statistics of the residual poles in a complete cycle, the length, width and thickness of the residual poles of the test poles were 9.9mm, 12.0mm and 3.6mm higher than those of the residual poles of the control poles, respectively. Even though the pole replacement period of the test cell was 1.3 days longer than that of the control cell, the length, width and height of the residual poles of the test cell were still slightly better than those of the control cell.

From the analysis of the field test data, the use of pre-baked anode high temperature anti-oxidation coating materials to form a dense anti-oxidation protective coating on the surface of the anode carbon block has a certain protective effect on the anode carbon block. The service life of the anode carbon block in the third cycle of the test tank was extended by 1.3 days compared with the control tank, and the various indicators of the test tank were stable. The length, width, thickness and shape regularity of the residual anode were better than those of the control tank residual anode, and the test effect was obvious.

4. Analysis of the impact on the quality of aluminum liquid

Compare and analyze the changes in iron content between the test tank and the control tank to understand the effects and impacts of the spraying materials.

1. Changes in iron content: Data comparison and analysis show that the iron content of the test tank is basically stable at 0.10% to 0.18%, and the iron content of the comparison tank is between 0.10% and 0.19%. Data comparison and analysis show that the iron content of the test tank is 0.00042% lower than that of the comparison tank. See Table 6 for specific data:

Table 6 Changes in iron content in electrolytic cells

Through statistical analysis of the changes and abnormal conditions of iron content in the test tanks and comparison tanks from June 14 to September 23, it was found that except for 6425#, 6426# and 6440# test tanks, where the iron content was stable below 0.15%, the iron content in the others exceeded the standard. The average iron content in the test tanks was lower than that in the comparison tanks, and was generally stable. The carbon slag in the tanks was significantly reduced, which helped to reduce the electrolyte pressure drop.

2. Silicon content changes: Data comparison and analysis show that the silicon content of the test tank is basically stable at 0.040% to 0.070%, and the silicon content of the comparison tank is between 0.030% and 0.060%. Data comparison and analysis show that the iron content of the test tank is higher than that of the comparison tank. See Table 7 below for specific data:

Table 7 Changes in silicon content in electrolytic cells

The test data showed that the silicon content of the test tank was slightly higher than that of the comparison tank. Among them, the silicon content of the test tanks 6245# and 6246# was higher than the average value, reaching 0.06% to 0.07%. The silicon content of the comparison tank remained basically stable, with an average value of less than 0.05%.

In addition, the data on the grade of the original aluminum liquid in the test tank and the content of lithium salts and sodium salts in the electrolyte were tracked, indicating that substances such as K ₂ O and Na ₂ O in the coating had no other impact on the electrolytic production, and the data did not change significantly.

V. Experimental Benefit Evaluation

1. Economic Benefits

At present, the replacement cycle of Dongxing Aluminum's anode carbon blocks is basically maintained at 32 to 33 days. The use of anti-oxidation coating materials can effectively reduce high-temperature oxidation corrosion on the surface of anode carbon blocks, extend the service life, improve the quality of raw aluminum, reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and carbon slag, and reduce the carbon consumption per ton of aluminum. According to this test, the use of anti-oxidation coating anode carbon blocks can extend the service life of anode carbon blocks by 1 day and reduce carbon consumption by 15.4kg/t-Al. If the purchase price of anode carbon blocks is 7,800 yuan/t for 1 day, the carbon consumption cost can be reduced by 120.1 yuan/t-Al, and the cost of a single series can be saved by 54.045 million yuan. Excluding the comprehensive cost of labor, materials, etc. of 24.88 yuan/t-Al, the direct economic benefits reach 43.569 million yuan per year, which is a significant economic benefit.

2. Social Benefits

(1) Each ton of aluminum can reduce _CO2 emissions by 56.5 kg, and reduce _CO2 emissions by 25,400 tons per year, which is in line with the country's energy-saving and consumption-reduction concept and the goal and beautiful vision of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

(2) The annual replacement of poles is reduced by more than 5,600 pieces, which can significantly reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve the technical level of Jiugang Group Dongxing Aluminum and the market competitiveness and influence of its products, and play a demonstration role in the transformation and upgrading of Jiugang Group and local industries. See the table below for details:

Table 8 Economic Benefit Calculation Table

VI. Experimental Summary and Suggestions

1. Summary

(1) Through three cycles of testing, it was confirmed from multiple aspects such as the residual anode shape, residual anode thickness and original aluminum quality that the high-temperature antioxidant coating material has excellent antioxidant effect on carbon anodes, which can achieve the purpose of extending the service life of anode carbon blocks by 1 day under the same conditions and reduce anode carbon consumption by 15.4kg/t-Al.

(2) During the test, the comprehensive cost per ton of aluminum increased by 24.88 yuan/ton of aluminum. After the test, the anode carbon block was extended for one day under the same conditions, generating a comprehensive benefit of 121.7 yuan/ton of aluminum. The annual benefit of a single 500kA series is 43.569 million yuan.

(3) The test tanks selected for this test are very representative, with a total of 8 tanks, including 3 tanks with a 32-day cycle and 5 tanks with a 33-day cycle, of which the 33-day cycle accounts for 63%. The test tanks all extended their cycles by one day, with a success rate of 100%.

(4) The work area observed the operation of the electrolytic cell during the test and found that the coating material had no adverse effects on the original aluminum grade and the electrolyte system.

(5) Through cost budgeting, the use of coated anodes can reduce carbon consumption per ton of aluminum, significantly save costs, and bring considerable economic and environmental benefits to the company.

(6) A high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating, comprising a base material, an additive and a silane coupling agent; the base material comprises Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaCO3 and water; the additive comprises silicon carbide whiskers, alumina, methyl cellulose and a rare earth reinforcing agent; the rare earth reinforcing agent is an oxide powder of lanthanum, yttrium and samarium, comprising the following materials by weight: 25-30 parts _{of La2O3} , 35-40 parts _{of Y2O3} , and 30-40 parts of SmO3; the additive is mixed into the silane coupling agent and then added to the base material. The high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating comprises the following materials by weight: 100 parts of the base material and 20-40 parts of the additive. The base material includes the following materials in mass ratio: the base material is Al2O3 49.67%, SiO2 21.02%, Fe2O3 0.07%, K2O 3.5%, Na2O 6.7%, CaCO3 2.5%, and the rest is water. The additive includes the following materials in mass ratio: the weight ratio of the additive is 30% silicon carbide whisker, 55% alumina, 5% methyl cellulose, and 10% rare earth enhancer. The silane coupling agent is a 10% mass fraction aqueous solution, and the silane coupling agent and the additive are mixed in equal volumes. The silicon carbide whisker is selected from the β type, and the diameter of the silicon carbide whisker particles is 0.2~0.5um and the length is 20~30um. The coating can be modified by the rare earth enhancer, thereby further improving the density of the coating and improving the high temperature resistance of the coating. Therefore, compared with traditional high-temperature antioxidant materials, it can reduce fine lines and voids by 5%~8%, improve high-temperature antioxidant protection by 5%~10%, reduce the risk of bulging and cracking during construction caused by the uneven surface of a small number of original carbon blocks, and reduce the risk of high-temperature corrosive gas intrusion, reduce high-temperature carbonization loss, and more efficiently improve the protection effect.

Claims (9)

1. A high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating, characterized by including base materials, additives and silane coupling agents; the base materials include Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , K ₂ O, Na ₂ O, CaCO ₃ and water; additives include silicon carbide whiskers, alumina, methylcellulose and rare earth reinforcing agents; the rare earth reinforcing agents are oxide powders of lanthanum, yttrium and samarium, including the following parts by weight of materials: La ₂ O ₃ 25- 30 parts, Y ₂ O ₃ 35-40 parts, SmO 30-40 parts; the additives are mixed into the silane coupling agent and then the base material is added. 2. A high-temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the following parts by weight of materials: 100 parts of base material and 20-40 parts of additives. 3. A high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the following mass ratio materials: the base material is Al ₂ O ₃ 49.67%, SiO ₂ 21.02%, Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.07%, K ₂ O3.5%, Na ₂ O6.7%, CaCO ₃ 2.5%, and the rest is water. 4. A kind of high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the following mass ratio materials: the weight ratio of the additives is 30% silicon carbide whiskers, 55% alumina, and 5% methyl cellulose. , 10% rare earth enhancer. 5. A high-temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the silane coupling agent is an aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 10%, and the silane coupling agent is mixed with additives in equal volumes. 6. A high-temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the silicon carbide whiskers are of beta type, the diameter of the silicon carbide whisker particles is 0.2~0.5um, and the length is 20~30um. 7. A method for preparing high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1. Use a mixer to stir the additive materials, and then grind the mixed materials through a three-roller machine; S2. Then use an electric furnace to react the ground materials at high temperature at 800 ~ 1200°C for 6 hours. Add the high-temperature reaction materials to the silane coupling agent aqueous solution, maintain the high-temperature reaction temperature, and mix and stir in the reactor for 1 hour to obtain the mixed addition. material; The mixed additives in S3 and S2 are added to the base material to prepare the coating. 8. A method for preparing high-temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step S2, the grinding material is reacted at a high temperature of 850°C in an electric furnace for 6 hours. 9. A method for applying high temperature resistant anti-corrosion protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode carbon block is coated and protected at room temperature.