CN117824902A - Bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on ultrasonic single wave technology - Google Patents

Bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on ultrasonic single wave technology Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117824902A
CN117824902A CN202410003156.9A CN202410003156A CN117824902A CN 117824902 A CN117824902 A CN 117824902A CN 202410003156 A CN202410003156 A CN 202410003156A CN 117824902 A CN117824902 A CN 117824902A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
bolt
ultrasonic
pretightening force
absolute value
single wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202410003156.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张保印
伍乾坤
林园
娄琪
胡倩
祝逸浩
袁祖瑞
张贤林
陈文俊
周乃义
邹跃华
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CETHIK Group Ltd
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CETHIK Group Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by CETHIK Group Ltd filed Critical CETHIK Group Ltd
Priority to CN202410003156.9A priority Critical patent/CN117824902A/en
Publication of CN117824902A publication Critical patent/CN117824902A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/145—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/147—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for electrically operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
    • G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of wind power generation high-strength bolt detection and control, and particularly relates to a bolt pretightening force monitoring and control method based on an ultrasonic single-wave technology. Acquiring the calibration speed of the bolt, detecting the initial ultrasonic propagation time of the bolt by utilizing an ultrasonic single wave, and calculating the initial length of the bolt; starting a construction tool to apply torque to the bolt, detecting ultrasonic propagation time in real time by utilizing ultrasonic single waves, calculating the actual length of the bolt after the ith detection, and calculating the length variation before and after the bolt is stressed; according to the bolt calibration data, calculating the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force of the bolt after the current torque is applied to the bolt; and judging whether the absolute value of the current bolt pretightening force reaches a target pretightening force range, if not, continuing to apply torque and calculating the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force until the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force reaches the target pretightening force range. The absolute value of the bolt pretightening force is measured by the single-wave method, and the method has the advantages of high measurement precision, lower cost and lower technical difficulty.

Description

Bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on ultrasonic single wave technology
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of wind power generation high-strength bolt detection and control, and particularly relates to a bolt pretightening force monitoring and control method based on an ultrasonic single-wave technology.
Background
The ultrasonic technology becomes the mainstream detection technology of the current wind power high-strength bolt pretightening force, the ultrasonic speed is changed under the action of stress by utilizing the solid, the ultrasonic sensor excites the ultrasonic wave which propagates along the length direction of the bolt, the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt is measured, and the bolt pretightening force is calculated indirectly through a calculation formula. Ultrasonic measuring methods are classified into piezoelectric ultrasound and electromagnetic ultrasound, and there are two types of single wave (single transverse wave, single longitudinal wave) and double wave (longitudinal wave and transverse wave) for excited waveforms. The absolute value of the bolt pretightening force can be measured by the double wave method, but the cost is higher and the technical difficulty is higher. The single wave method can only measure the relative value of the bolt pretightening force, but compared with the double wave method, the measuring precision is higher, the cost is lower, and the technical difficulty is smaller.
In recent years, as wind power generator types become larger, wind power factories pay more attention to the consistency of pretightening force after installing fans, the current torque method cannot meet the requirement of fan pretightening force consistency installation gradually, the torque method is too low in continuous fastening efficiency after being fastened and installed and cannot be applied on a large scale until now due to the problems of cost and precision due to the combination of duplex waves and installation tools.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the single wave method can only measure the relative value of the bolt pretightening force, and provides the bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on the ultrasonic single wave technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on the ultrasonic single wave technology comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring calibration data of the bolt, placing the bolt at an installation position, detecting initial ultrasonic wave propagation time of the bolt by utilizing ultrasonic waves, and calculating an initial axial force value of the bolt according to the calibration data and the initial ultrasonic wave propagation time;
step S2: starting a construction tool to apply torque to the bolt, detecting ultrasonic propagation time of the bolt by utilizing ultrasonic single waves, calculating a shaft force value of the bolt after the ith detection according to calibration data of the bolt and the ith ultrasonic propagation time, and calculating an absolute value of a bolt pretightening force;
step S3: and (3) judging whether the absolute value of the current bolt pretightening force reaches a set target pretightening force range, if not, continuously applying torque according to the step (S2) and calculating the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force until the absolute value reaches the target pretightening force range.
Further, the calibration data includes a slope value and a bolt residual stress.
Further, the calibration data is obtained by the following steps:
obtaining a plurality of groups of tension values and ultrasonic wave propagation time through a tensile test on the bolts;
constructing a linear function F=K delta T+B by taking the ultrasonic propagation time delta T as an abscissa and the tensile force value F as an ordinate;
and obtaining a slope value K and a bolt residual stress B.
Further, the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force has a calculation formula as follows:
△F i ＝F i -F 0
wherein DeltaF i Representing absolute value of bolt pretightening force, F i Representing the axial force value of the bolt after the ith detection, F 0 The initial axial force value of the bolt is expressed as follows:
F 0 ＝K△T 0 +B
wherein K represents a slope value, deltaT 0 The initial ultrasonic propagation time is represented, and B represents the residual stress of the bolt;
the axial force value of the bolt after the ith detection is expressed as follows:
F i ＝K△T i +B
wherein DeltaT i Representing the initial ultrasonic travel time.
Further, the bolt comprises a uniquely identifiable mark, and the calibration data of the bolt is obtained by identifying the uniquely identifiable mark.
Further, the method further comprises the step of recording an initial axial force value of the bolt into a bolt detection database, and uploading the bolt detection database to a cloud bolt data platform for storage, wherein the data acquisition is used for calculating an absolute value of the bolt pretightening force.
Further, the bolt detection database comprises a bolt number, a detection date, an initial axial force value of the bolt and an axial force value of the bolt after multiple detection.
Further, the ultrasonic single wave technology comprises a piezoelectric ultrasonic single wave detection technology or an electromagnetic ultrasonic single wave detection technology.
Further, the work tool includes one of a hydraulic torque wrench, a hydraulic tensioner, and an electric torque wrench.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force can be measured by a single wave method, and the method has the advantages of high measurement precision, lower cost and smaller technical difficulty.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of a bolt based on an ultrasonic single wave technology;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of a bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technique according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of a method for monitoring and controlling the preload of a bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technique of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of a bolt based on an ultrasonic single wave technology.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on the ultrasonic single wave technology can be applied to an application environment of real-time detection and control of the absolute value of the wind power high-strength bolt pretightening force.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for monitoring and controlling the bolt pretightening force based on the ultrasonic single wave technology comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring calibration data of a bolt, placing the bolt at an installation position, and detecting initial ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT of the bolt by utilizing ultrasonic single waves 0 Based on the calibration data and the initial ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT 0 Calculating that the bolt is not applying torque or stretchingInitial axial force value F before 0 ＝K△T 0 +B, and logging into a bolt detection database. The ultrasonic single wave technology comprises a piezoelectric ultrasonic single wave detection technology or an electromagnetic ultrasonic single wave detection technology.
Step S2: starting a construction tool to apply torque to the bolt, and detecting ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT of the bolt in real time by utilizing ultrasonic single wave i (data of the ith detection) based on calibration data of the bolts and the ith ultrasonic wave propagation time DeltaT i Calculating the axial force value F of the bolt after the ith detection i ＝K△T i +B, and calculating the variation delta F of the axial force values before and after the bolt is stressed i ＝F i -F 0 The absolute value of the bolt pretightening force after the torque is applied currently is obtained. The work tool includes one of a hydraulic torque wrench, a hydraulic tensioner, and an electric torque wrench.
Step S3: and judging whether the absolute value of the current bolt pretightening force reaches a set target pretightening force range, if so, triggering a hydraulic control stop signal, and stopping applying the torque continuously by the construction tool, otherwise, continuously applying the torque according to the step S2 and calculating the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force until the absolute value reaches the target pretightening force range.
And (3) carrying out a tensile test on the bolts to obtain a plurality of groups of tension values F and ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT, taking the ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT as an abscissa and the tension value F as an ordinate, and constructing a slope value K of a linear function F=K DeltaT+B and residual stress B of the bolts, wherein K and B are calibration data of the bolts in batches of the specification. The ultrasonic propagation time in the test is understood equally to the ultrasonic propagation time in the test.
When the ultrasonic propagation time of the bolt is detected, a contact of an ultrasonic sensor is placed on the end face of the detected bolt, the ultrasonic sensor excites ultrasonic waves propagated along the length direction of the bolt, and the time from sending to rebound to the contact of the ultrasonic waves is the ultrasonic propagation time.
In order to facilitate data acquisition and recording, the embodiment records the data into a bolt detection database, wherein the bolt detection database comprises a bolt number, a detection date, an initial axial force value of the bolt and an axial force value of the bolt after multiple detection.
In an embodiment one, applied to a disposable fastening scenario, as shown in fig. 2, comprises the steps of:
and step T1, connecting the ultrasonic single wave system with a construction tool to ensure the normal control circuit.
Step T2, placing the bolt at the mounting position, and before the bolt is not applied with torque, starting an ultrasonic single wave system to detect the initial ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT before the bolt is stressed by utilizing the ultrasonic single wave 0 According to the calibration data of the ultrasonic bolts in the batch, calculating an initial axial force value F of the bolts before stress 0 ＝K△T 0 +B, and logging into a bolt detection database.
Step T3, starting the construction tool to apply torque to the bolt, and continuously detecting the ultrasonic propagation time delta T of the bolt in real time by the ultrasonic single wave system i (i-th detected data), calculating the axial force value F of the detected bolt according to the calibration data of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt of the batch i ＝K△T i +B, and calculating the variation DeltaF of the axial force value before and after the bolt is stressed i ＝F i -F 0 And the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force after the current torque is applied to the bolt is the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force.
And step T4, judging whether the absolute value of the currently detected bolt pre-tightening force reaches a target pre-tightening force range of the set bolt, triggering a hydraulic control stop signal if the absolute value of the currently detected bolt pre-tightening force reaches the target pre-tightening force range, and triggering the bolt construction tool to stop continuously applying the torque, otherwise, continuously applying the torque and detecting the absolute value of the real-time bolt pre-tightening force until the absolute value of the currently detected bolt pre-tightening force reaches the target pre-tightening force range.
And step T5, one-time fastening implementation of the bolt is completed.
In the second embodiment, for a non-single fastening scenario, identification and distinction of bolts are required, and an embodiment thereof, as shown in fig. 3, includes the following steps:
and P1, finishing marking in a factory after the production of the bolts, wherein the mark is not limited to a two-dimensional code, a bar code or other marks capable of being uniquely identified, is not externally attached and is not easy to erase by external force.
And P2, identifying a bolt mark during bolt assembly in a wind power complete machine assembly plant and a hoisting site, acquiring bolt information (including a bolt number, a bolt production date, a manufacturer and the like), and establishing a bolt database.
Step P3, placing the bolt at the installation position, and starting the ultrasonic single-wave system to detect the initial ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT before the bolt applies torque 0 According to the calibration data of the ultrasonic wave on the bolts in the batch, calculating an initial axial force value F before the bolts are not applied with torque or stretched 0 ＝K△T 0 And +B, and recording the database of bolts to obtain a database of bolt detection.
Step P4, starting the construction tool to apply torque, and continuously detecting the ultrasonic propagation time delta T of the bolt by using the ultrasonic single wave system i (data of ith detection), calculating an axial force value F of the bolt after the ith detection according to calibration data of the bolts in the batch of ultrasonic waves i ＝K△T i +B, and calculating the variation DeltaF of the axial force value before and after the bolt is stressed i ＝F i -F 0 And the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force after the current torque is applied to the bolt is the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force.
And P5, judging whether the absolute value of the currently detected bolt pretightening force reaches a target pretightening force range of the set bolt, if so, triggering a hydraulic control stop signal, stopping the bolt construction tool, and stopping continuously applying the torque, otherwise, continuously applying the torque and detecting the absolute value of the next bolt pretightening force until the absolute value reaches the target pretightening force range.
And P6, finishing the installation of the bolt.
The following provides another alternative embodiment, but not as an additional limitation of the real-time scheme of the system, only a further supplement or preference, and each alternative may be individually combined for the above overall scheme or may be combined among multiple alternatives without technical or logical contradiction.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the specific embodiment includes the following steps:
and Q1, finishing marking in a factory after the production of the bolts, wherein the mark is not limited to a two-dimensional code, a bar code or other marks capable of being uniquely identified, is not externally attached and is not easy to erase by external force.
Q2, after marking, placing the bolts at the installation positions in a factory production line, and detecting the initial ultrasonic propagation time DeltaT by starting an ultrasonic single wave system 0 According to the calibration data of the ultrasonic bolts in the batch, calculating an initial axial force value F of the bolts before stress 0 ＝K△T 0 And +B, recording a bolt detection database, and uploading the cloud bolt data platform.
And Q3, automatically and synchronously obtaining initial detection data of the bolts from a cloud bolt data platform before bolt assembly in a wind power complete machine assembly plant and a hoisting site.
Q4, starting the construction tool to apply torque, and continuously detecting the ultrasonic propagation time delta T of the bolt by using the ultrasonic single wave system i (data of the ith detection), calculating an axial force value F of the bolt after the ith detection according to the calibration data of the bolts in the batch by the ultrasonic wave i ＝K△T i +B, and calculating the variation DeltaF of the axial force value before and after the bolt is stressed i ＝F i -F 0 And the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force after the current torque is applied to the bolt is the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force.
And Q5, judging whether the absolute value of the currently detected bolt pretightening force reaches a target pretightening force range of the set bolt, if so, triggering a hydraulic control stop signal, stopping the bolt construction tool to stop applying the torque continuously, otherwise, continuing applying the torque and detecting the absolute value of the next bolt pretightening force until the absolute value reaches the target pretightening force range.
And step Q6, finishing the installation of the bolt.
For the invention, the piezoelectric ultrasonic single wave detection technology is adopted to be compared with the electromagnetic ultrasonic double wave detection technology, the absolute value of the pretightening force measured by the piezoelectric ultrasonic single wave detection technology and the electromagnetic ultrasonic double wave detection technology are compared with the tensile force value of a standard hydraulic stretcher, and the comparison experimental data are shown in table 1.
Table 1 comparative experimental data
Detection error= (ultrasonic single wave sensor actual measurement value or ultrasonic double wave sensor actual measurement value-standard stretcher tension value)/standard stretcher tension value is 100%.
According to the comparison experimental data, the single wave detection error of the invention detects the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force by utilizing the ultrasonic single wave technology, and has the advantages of high measurement precision, lower cost and smaller technical difficulty compared with the detection by utilizing double waves.
The above examples merely represent one or several embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The method for monitoring and controlling the bolt pretightening force based on the ultrasonic single wave technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1: acquiring calibration data of the bolt, placing the bolt at an installation position, detecting initial ultrasonic wave propagation time of the bolt by utilizing ultrasonic waves, and calculating an initial axial force value of the bolt according to the calibration data and the initial ultrasonic wave propagation time;
step S2: starting a construction tool to apply torque to the bolt, detecting ultrasonic propagation time of the bolt by utilizing ultrasonic single waves, calculating a shaft force value of the bolt after the ith detection according to calibration data of the bolt and the ith ultrasonic propagation time, and calculating an absolute value of a bolt pretightening force;
step S3: and (3) judging whether the absolute value of the current bolt pretightening force reaches a set target pretightening force range, if not, continuously applying torque according to the step (S2) and calculating the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force until the absolute value reaches the target pretightening force range.
2. The method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of the bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technology according to claim 1, wherein the calibration data includes a slope value and a residual stress of the bolt.
3. The method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of the bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technology according to claim 2, wherein the calibration data is obtained by:
obtaining a plurality of groups of tension values and ultrasonic wave propagation time through a tensile test on the bolts;
constructing a linear function F=K delta T+B by taking the ultrasonic propagation time delta T as an abscissa and the tensile force value F as an ordinate;
and obtaining a slope value K and a bolt residual stress B.
4. The method for monitoring and controlling the bolt pretightening force based on the ultrasonic single wave technology according to claim 2, wherein the calculation formula of the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force is:
△F i ＝F i -F 0
wherein DeltaF i Representing absolute value of bolt pretightening force, F i Representing the axial force value of the bolt after the ith detection, F 0 The initial axial force value of the bolt is expressed as follows:
F 0 ＝K△T 0 +B
wherein K represents a slope value, deltaT 0 The initial ultrasonic propagation time is represented, and B represents the residual stress of the bolt;
the axial force value of the bolt after the ith detection is expressed as follows:
F i ＝K△T i +B
wherein DeltaT i Representing the initial ultrasonic travel time.
5. The method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of the bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technology according to claim 1, wherein the bolt comprises a uniquely identifiable mark, and the calibration data of the bolt is obtained by identifying the uniquely identifiable mark.
6. The method for monitoring and controlling the bolt pretightening force based on the ultrasonic single wave technology according to claim 1, further comprising the step of recording an initial shaft force value of the bolt into a bolt detection database, and uploading the bolt detection database to a cloud bolt data platform for storage, wherein the bolt detection database is used for data acquisition when the absolute value of the bolt pretightening force is calculated.
7. The method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of the bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technology according to claim 6, wherein the bolt detection database comprises a bolt number, a detection date, an initial shaft force value of the bolt and a shaft force value of the bolt after multiple detection.
8. The method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of the bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technology according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic single wave technology comprises a piezoelectric ultrasonic single wave detection technology or an electromagnetic ultrasonic single wave detection technology.
9. The method for monitoring and controlling the pretightening force of a bolt based on the ultrasonic single wave technique according to claim 1, wherein the construction tool comprises one of a hydraulic torque wrench, a hydraulic stretcher, and an electric torque wrench.
CN202410003156.9A 2024-01-02 2024-01-02 Bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on ultrasonic single wave technology Pending CN117824902A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410003156.9A CN117824902A (en) 2024-01-02 2024-01-02 Bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on ultrasonic single wave technology

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410003156.9A CN117824902A (en) 2024-01-02 2024-01-02 Bolt pretightening force monitoring and controlling method based on ultrasonic single wave technology

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119282674A (en) * 2024-10-15 2025-01-10 中广核风电有限公司 Bolt pre-tightening method and device for fixed-axis force construction device
CN119347686A (en) * 2024-10-15 2025-01-24 中广核风电有限公司 A fixed-axis force construction device for real-time detection of bolt preload

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119282674A (en) * 2024-10-15 2025-01-10 中广核风电有限公司 Bolt pre-tightening method and device for fixed-axis force construction device
CN119347686A (en) * 2024-10-15 2025-01-24 中广核风电有限公司 A fixed-axis force construction device for real-time detection of bolt preload
CN119347686B (en) * 2024-10-15 2025-11-25 中广核风电有限公司 A fixed-axis force construction device for real-time detection of bolt preload.

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