CN118024082A - A processing device and method for aspheric lens - Google Patents
A processing device and method for aspheric lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN118024082A CN118024082A CN202410187956.0A CN202410187956A CN118024082A CN 118024082 A CN118024082 A CN 118024082A CN 202410187956 A CN202410187956 A CN 202410187956A CN 118024082 A CN118024082 A CN 118024082A
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- lens
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- jig
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/0031—Machines having several working posts; Feeding and manipulating devices
- B24B13/0037—Machines having several working posts; Feeding and manipulating devices the lenses being worked by different tools, e.g. for rough-grinding, fine-grinding, polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing device of an aspherical lens, which comprises a left clamping piece and a right clamping piece, wherein the left clamping piece and the right clamping piece are used for clamping a lens blank; the grinding machine also comprises a columnar grinding wheel for preliminary processing of the lens blank, an opening grinding wheel for precision grinding, a cylindrical polishing head for polishing and a magnetic current grinding head for finishing the surface; and in the working procedures of precision grinding, polishing and surface finishing, the lens blank is clamped by using the clamping assembly, the clamping assembly comprises a jig, one end of the jig is a clamping end, the non-clamping end of the jig is connected with the plane base, and the other end of the plane base is connected with the main shaft. The invention also discloses a processing method applied to the aspherical lens. The invention adopts a control mode of timely measuring and timely correcting the center deviation of the aspheric curvature surface during processing the aspheric curvature surface in different processing procedures, thereby ensuring the center deviation of the independent rotational symmetry axes of the single aspheric curvature surface and further indirectly ensuring the center deviation requirement of the whole aspheric surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical lens processing, and particularly relates to a processing device and a processing method of an aspherical lens.
Background
The aspherical optical lens cannot correct the center deviation by optical edging after two optical surfaces are processed like a common spherical lens, at present, for an aspherical product with two surfaces which are both provided with rotation symmetry axes respectively and independently fixed, the center deviation of curvature surfaces and rotation shafts of the aspherical product must be respectively ensured when the aspherical product is processed, and the center deviation of the independent rotation shafts is obtained through processing procedures respectively, so that the center deviation of the curvature surfaces of the two surfaces and the common rotation shaft is obtained, and at present, the center deviation of the rotation symmetry axes of the aspherical product and the center deviation of the curvature surfaces of the two surfaces which are highly coaxial is difficult to ensure in processing at home and abroad, and the accuracy of the center deviation of the aspherical product is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the present invention aims to provide an apparatus for processing an aspherical lens with high processing precision, and another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for processing an aspherical lens with high processing precision.
The technical scheme is as follows: the processing device of the aspherical lens comprises a left clamping piece and a right clamping piece, wherein the left clamping piece and the right clamping piece are used for clamping a lens blank; the grinding machine also comprises a columnar grinding wheel for preliminary processing of the lens blank, an opening grinding wheel for precision grinding, a cylindrical polishing head for polishing and a magnetic current grinding head for finishing the surface; and in the working procedures of precision grinding, polishing and surface finishing, the lens blank is clamped by using the clamping assembly, the clamping assembly comprises a jig, one end of the jig is a clamping end, the non-clamping end of the jig is connected with the plane base, and the other end of the plane base is connected with the main shaft.
Wherein, the center offset angle between the lens blank and the columnar grinding wheel is not more than 0.5' when the cylindrical section is polished.
The device also comprises a ten-thousand-minute meter for measurement.
The device also comprises a reflection center deflector for measuring the eccentricity of the curvature surface.
A processing method of an aspherical lens comprises the following steps:
Step 1, determining the thickness H of a lens blank and the diameter D of the blank according to an aspherical finished product diagram;
Step2, carrying out lens opening R on the lens blank, and carrying out preliminary processing on the lens blank by using a columnar grinding wheel;
Step3, placing the preliminarily processed lens blank on a clamping assembly, measuring and bonding the lens blank on a jig of the clamping assembly;
step 4, screwing the lens blank and the jig onto a main shaft of a fine grinding machine, and fine grinding by using an open grinding wheel, so that the center of the lens blank is ensured to be smaller than 0.25';
step 5, polishing the lens blank after fine grinding by using a cylindrical polishing head until the eccentricity of a curvature surface measured by a reflection center polarization instrument is less than 0.25 minute, and marking a corresponding point of the maximum direction on a cylindrical surface on the cylindrical processing surface;
Step 6, finishing the polished lens blank by using a magnetic current grinding head, adjusting the position of the magnetic current grinding head, and ensuring that the eccentricity of a curvature surface is less than 0.25';
step 7, taking out the processed jig provided with the lens blank, soaking the jig with a solvent, and taking out the lens; repeating the step of processing the aspheric surface to process the other aspheric surface;
And 8, adjusting the lens after processing and detecting parameters.
The step 1 is to determine that the thickness H of the lens blank is the sum of the two-sided open radius allowance, the two-sided finish grinding allowance and the two-sided polishing allowance, calculate the maximum contour radius R 1、R2 of the aspheric surface, and ensure the edging threshold value: Performing secondary optimization on the maximum contour radii R1 and R2, and performing secondary optimization according to the loss-of-height formula/> Wherein h is absent high, R is radius,For the diameter, the blank is increased by a height loss difference value with two curvatures, and the final thickness H of the blank is determined.
The step of determining the diameter D of the lens blank in the step 1 includes calculating a linear value C of the center deviation generated by machining the lens blank according to a radius R, wherein c=0.291 (n-1) is L ' X/1000, n represents the transmissivity of the lens, L ' is the image top focal length, and X is the center deviation generated by machining the lens blank in minutes; converting the linear value into a side thickness difference according to Δt=c×d/R, and calculating the outer diameter machining allowance of the blank according to the lens side thickness difference: Δt= |Δd (Δd+d) (r1+r2-D)/2r1×r2| is an outer diameter machining allowance, D is a distance between two convex surfaces of the lens, namely, a blank thickness H, and the outer diameter dimension of the blank is determined to be d+Δd+2f according to the diameter of the lens and the outer diameter machining allowance, and f is a marginal effect error value in aspheric surface polishing.
When the lens blank and the jig are connected to any spindle, the machining parameters of the lens blank must be detected by using a ten-thousandth gauge, so that the error of the opposite size head of the diameter of the cylindrical surface of the lens blank is ensured to be less than 0.0005mm, and the circle-to-circle runout of the circular direction is ensured to be less than 0.0001mm.
Wherein, the adjusting the lens after the processing in the step 8 includes adjusting the reflection decentration of any surface of the lens to be less than 0.25', and the maximum decentration to be less than 0.5'.
Wherein, the marginal effect error value f takes the value range of 1 mm-3 mm.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable progress: the invention determines the size of a lens blank to be processed according to the size of a target aspheric lens, adopts the cylindrical surface of the lens blank as a processing reference and then completes the processing of aspheric surfaces at two sides, and the processing process of the aspheric surfaces comprises the following steps: grinding, polishing and surface finishing, and detecting the errors of the size head and radial runout of the cylindrical surface before each processing, and processing the aspheric curvature surface in the steps and measuring and correcting the center deviation in time, so that the center deviation of the independent rotational symmetry axis of a single aspheric surface is ensured, the center deviation of the whole aspheric surface is further ensured, and the precision of the processed product is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an aspherical lens;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a processing device during preliminary processing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the processing device after preliminary processing and measurement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a machining apparatus using an open grinding wheel;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a processing apparatus during polishing;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a processing device using a magnetorheological grinding head;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the processing device when measuring the reflection eccentricity.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the aspherical lens processing apparatus of the present invention includes a left holder 6 and a right holder 5 for holding a lens blank 1; the lens blank comprises a cylindrical grinding wheel 4 for preliminary processing of the lens blank 1, an opening grinding wheel 12 for precision grinding, a cylindrical polishing head 14 for polishing and a magnetic current grinding head 15 for surface finishing; the lens blank 1 is clamped by using a clamping assembly in the process of precision grinding, polishing and surface finishing, the clamping assembly comprises a jig 9, one end of the jig 9 is a clamping end, the non-clamping end of the jig is connected with a plane base 11, and the other end of the plane base 11 is connected with a main shaft. The center deflection angle 7 between the lens blank 1 and the columnar grinding wheel 4 is not more than 0.5' when the cylindrical section is polished, and the lens blank further comprises a universal meter 8 for measurement and a reflection center deflection meter 13 for measuring the eccentricity of the curvature surface.
The specific processing method comprises the following steps: firstly, according to an aspherical finished product diagram, determining the thickness H of a lens blank 1, namely, a two-sided open radius allowance, a two-sided finish grinding allowance and a two-sided polishing allowance, calculating the maximum profile radius R1 and R2 of an aspherical surface, and simultaneously according to an edging threshold value: The method is easy to process, is convenient for centering accuracy principle of edging, and secondarily optimizes the maximum contours R1 and R2, namely, the closer the R value is to the hemisphere, the more beneficial to centering is, and the higher the formula is according to Wherein h is absent high, R is radius,For diameter, increasing the thickness of the blank to be the height loss difference value of two curvatures, and determining the final thickness H of the blank; when the lens is machined to generate a center deviation calculated linear value C according to an opening radius R, c=0.291 (n-1) ×l' ×x/1000, wherein n represents the transmittance of the lens, L ' is an image top focal length, X is the center deviation generated by the opening R machining, the unit is a minute, the center eccentric amount is 10 minutes, then the linear value is converted into a side thickness difference according to Δt=c×d/R2, and the outer diameter machining allowance of the blank is calculated according to the lens side thickness difference: Δt= |Δd (Δd+d) (r1+r2-D)/2r1×r2| is the outer diameter machining allowance, and D is the distance between the two convex surfaces of the lens; the thickness H of the blank is determined according to the diameter of the lens and the machining allowance of the outer diameter, the outer diameter dimension d+Δd of the blank is determined, meanwhile, the marginal effect error value f during aspheric surface polishing is considered, namely, the surface shape with a certain distance at the edge is poor, the inherent machining defect of aspheric small grinding head polishing is considered, in the embodiment, the f takes the value as 2mm, meanwhile, the inclination of the blank is considered, because the radial offset c= tanY ×l caused by the inclination of the cylindrical surface of the blank is represented by the inclination angle of the surface of the blank, the value is small when the edge thickness L of the lens is short, the influence of the radial offset is ignored, but when the edge thickness of the lens is long, the radial offset caused by the small angle is also large, so that the cylindrical surface of the lens is deviated along the length direction, when the center deviation is corrected, the outer diameter of the cylindrical surface of the lens is incomplete, the cylindrical surface of the outer circle is further caused, the precision standard of the cylindrical surface of the subsequent machining is influenced, and the margin of the aspheric surface is large and can be ignored generally; at this time, the diameter of the blank is d=d1+Δd1+2f, f=2mm, and the thickness is H; the blank size at this time is determined.
The lens R is opened by a traditional R opening machine, the radius is opened to the required thickness, the curvature requirement, especially the eccentricity of the lens which is a key parameter is less than 10 ′, and the edging difficulty caused by overlarge eccentricity is prevented.
The lens blank 1 is placed between the left clamping piece 6 and the right clamping piece 5 of the edging machine and clamped, the center deviation is guaranteed to be 0.5 minute, the corresponding lens edge thickness difference is smaller than 0.01mm, the lens edge thickness difference precision is measured and adjusted during subsequent measurement, the rotating shaft 3 for fixing the columnar grinding wheel 4 and the clamping piece 2 are adjusted at the same time, the cylindrical surface size head tolerance is guaranteed to be 0.0005mm, the roundness is smaller than 0.0001mm, the high precision of the cylindrical surface reference of the lens blank 1 is guaranteed, the lens center deviation influence caused by the measurement error of the lens blank is guaranteed to be small, and the outer diameter is machined to the required outer diameter D of the lens blank 1.
Screwing a plane base 11 onto a bonding machine, placing a lens blank 1 into a groove end of a jig 9, adjusting mutual positions of the 9 and 11 to be aligned in the middle, moderately screwing a screw 10, then moving the jig 9 and the lens blank 1, matching with a measurement reference of a curvature surface of the lens blank 1 until a head error of a ten-thousandth gauge 8 propped against a cylindrical surface of the lens blank 1 in a direction opposite to the diameter of the cylindrical surface is less than 0.0005, and a circle run-out in the roundness direction is less than 0.0001, wherein at least the lens blank 1 adhered to the jig is rotated for one circle, and then the lens blank is gradually hardened with the time by using high-strength adhesive; and taking out the integral jig 9 connected with the lens.
The whole jig 9 with the lens blank 1 is screwed on a main shaft of a fine grinding machine, the positions of the jig 9 and a plane base 11 are adjusted, the error of a large head and a small head of a ten-thousandth gauge 8 propped against the cylindrical surface of the lens blank 1 in the cylindrical surface direction is smaller than 0.0005, the circle runout in the roundness direction is smaller than 0.0001, at least the lens blank 1 adhered on the jig is rotated for one circle, the edge angle of an opening grinding wheel 12 is adjusted, an aspheric equation is compiled, the machine is started to start fine grinding, the machining allowance of a reserved post process is controlled, the position of a grinding head is adjusted at the moment, and the center of a lens is ensured to be smaller than 0.25 minutes.
Taking out the precisely-polished lens blank 1 together with the whole jig 9, screwing the whole jig 9 with the lens blank 1 adhered to a main shaft of a polishing machine, adjusting the positions of the jigs 9 and 11, enabling the error of the size head of the ten-thousandth gauge 8 propped against the cylindrical surface of the lens blank 1 in the cylindrical surface direction to be smaller than 0.0005 and the jump of the roundness direction to be smaller than 0.0001, rotating at least the lens blank 1 adhered to the jig for one circle, adjusting the edge angle of the polishing grinding head 14, compiling an aspheric equation, starting the machine to start polishing, controlling the machining allowance reserved for the subsequent process, adjusting the position of the polishing grinding head at the moment, measuring the eccentricity of the curvature surface to be smaller than 0.25 minutes by using a reflection center offset instrument, marking the contact point of the ten-thousandth gauge 8 on the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical surface in the maximum direction of the eccentricity of the cylindrical surface to be smaller than 0.25 time, and facilitating the processing of the maximum deviation direction of the center offset of the other surface to affect the center offset of the whole lens.
Screwing the whole jig adhered with the lens blank 1 onto a main shaft of a machine, adjusting the positions of the jig 9 and the plane base 11, measuring the error of the large head and the small head in the diameter direction of the cylindrical surface of the lens blank 1 by using a universal meter 8 to be less than 0.0005, radially jumping the cylindrical surface by 0.0001mm, rotating the lens blank 1 at least for one circle, finishing the surface by using magnetorheological finishing, adjusting the position of a magnetorheological grinding head at the moment, and measuring the eccentric of a curvature surface by using a reflection center deflection instrument to be less than 0.25 ′; taking out the whole jig of the processed lens blank 1, soaking the whole jig with a special solvent, and taking out the lens blank 1.
The above processing steps are repeated to process the aspherical surface on the other side, wherein when the small grinding head polishes, the position of the direction with the largest eccentric deviation of the aspherical surface 1 is aligned with the previous cylindrical surface mark or opposite to the direction, and the reflection eccentric direction is opposite to 0.25 ′, which is the same as that: 0.25 ′+0.25′＝0.5′; taking out the whole jig of the processed lens blank 1, soaking the whole jig in a special solvent, and taking out the lens blank 1; the lens blank 1 is processed by an edging machine, one-side reflection type eccentricity is adjusted to be smaller than 0.25 ′, the maximum eccentricity is smaller than 0.25 ′, the outer diameter is processed to the required outer diameter, and the required coaxiality of the lens and the required parameters such as the diameter of the cylindrical section are ensured.
Claims (10)
1. An aspherical lens processing device is characterized in that: comprises a left clamping piece (6) and a right clamping piece (5) for clamping the lens blank (1); the grinding machine also comprises a columnar grinding wheel (4) for preliminary processing of the lens blank (1), an opening grinding wheel (12) for precision grinding, a columnar polishing head (14) for polishing and a magnetic current grinding head (15) for finishing a surface; the lens blank (1) is clamped by using the clamping assembly in the process of precision grinding, polishing and surface finishing, the clamping assembly comprises a jig (9), one end of the jig (9) is a clamping end, the non-clamping end of the jig is connected with the plane base (11), and the other end of the plane base (11) is connected with the main shaft.
2. An aspherical lens processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the central offset angle (7) between the lens blank (1) and the cylindrical grinding wheel (4) when cylindrical segment grinding is performed is not more than 0.5'.
3. The aspherical lens processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a ten-thousandth gauge (8) for measurement.
4. A processing device of an aspherical lens according to claim 1, further comprising a reflection center deflector (13) for measuring the decentration of the curvature surface.
5. The method for processing an aspherical lens according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining the thickness H of a lens blank (1) and the diameter D of the blank according to an aspherical finished product diagram;
step 2, carrying out lens opening R on the lens blank (1), and carrying out preliminary processing on the lens blank (1) by using a columnar grinding wheel (4);
Step 3, placing the preliminarily processed lens blank (1) on a clamping assembly, measuring and bonding the lens blank (1) on a jig (9) of the clamping assembly;
step 4, screwing the lens blank (1) and the jig (9) onto a main shaft of a fine grinding machine, and fine grinding by using an open grinding wheel (12) to ensure that the center of the lens blank (1) is smaller than 0.25';
Step 5, polishing the lens blank (1) after fine grinding by using a cylindrical polishing head (14) until the eccentricity of a curvature surface measured by a reflection center deflection instrument (13) is less than 0.25 minute, and marking a corresponding point of the maximum direction on a cylindrical surface on the cylindrical processing surface;
step 6, finishing the polished lens blank (1) by using a magnetic current grinding head (15), adjusting the position of the magnetic current grinding head (15), and ensuring that the eccentricity of a curvature surface is less than 0.25';
Step 7, taking out the processed jig (9) provided with the lens blank (1), soaking the jig with a solvent, and taking out the lens; repeating the step of processing the aspheric surface to process the other aspheric surface;
And 8, adjusting the lens after processing and detecting parameters.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step 1 determines the thickness H of the lens blank (1) as the sum of the two-sided open radius allowance, the two-sided finish allowance and the two-sided finish allowance, calculates the maximum profile radius R 1、R2 of the aspherical surface, and ensures the edging threshold: Performing secondary optimization on the maximum contour radii R1 and R2, and performing secondary optimization according to the loss-of-height formula/> Wherein h is absent high, R is radius,For the diameter, the blank is increased by a height loss difference value with two curvatures, and the final thickness H of the blank is determined.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step of determining the diameter D of the lens blank (1) in step 1 includes calculating a linear value C of the center shift generated by the machining of the lens blank (1) according to the radius R, c=0.291 (n-1) ×l ' ×x/1000, where n represents the transmittance of the lens, L ' is the image top focal length, X is the center shift generated by the machining of the lens blank (1) in minutes; converting the linear value into a side thickness difference according to Δt=c×d/R, and calculating the outer diameter machining allowance of the blank according to the lens side thickness difference: Δt= |Δd (Δd+d) (r1+r2-D)/2r1×r2| is an outer diameter machining allowance, D is a distance between two convex surfaces of the lens, namely, a blank thickness H, and the outer diameter dimension of the blank is determined to be d+Δd+2f according to the diameter of the lens and the outer diameter machining allowance, and f is a marginal effect error value in aspheric surface polishing.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the lens blank (1) and the jig (9) must use a ten-thousandth gauge (8) to detect the machining parameters of the lens blank (1) when being connected to any spindle, so as to ensure that the error of the inverted size head of the diameter of the cylindrical surface is less than 0.0005mm and the circle run-out in the roundness direction is less than 0.0001mm.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the adjusting the lens after the processing in step 8 includes adjusting the reflection decentration of either side of the lens to less than 0.25 'and the maximum decentration to less than 0.5'.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the marginal error value f is in the range of 1mm to 3mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410187956.0A CN118024082A (en) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-02-20 | A processing device and method for aspheric lens |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410187956.0A CN118024082A (en) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-02-20 | A processing device and method for aspheric lens |
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| CN118024082A true CN118024082A (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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| CN202410187956.0A Pending CN118024082A (en) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-02-20 | A processing device and method for aspheric lens |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119658476A (en) * | 2024-12-20 | 2025-03-21 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Method for high-efficiency compound processing of aspheric optical element |
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