CN118564180B - Drilling device and method for hydraulic fracturing construction - Google Patents
Drilling device and method for hydraulic fracturing construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN118564180B CN118564180B CN202411040294.0A CN202411040294A CN118564180B CN 118564180 B CN118564180 B CN 118564180B CN 202411040294 A CN202411040294 A CN 202411040294A CN 118564180 B CN118564180 B CN 118564180B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/602—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
- E21B19/081—Screw-and-nut feed mechanisms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/10—Slips; Spiders ; Catching devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/24—Guiding or centralising devices for drilling rods or pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a drilling device and a drilling method for hydraulic fracturing construction, which belong to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing and comprise a drill rod, a drill bit and a ground supporting platform, wherein the top of the drill rod is clamped and fixed through the ground supporting platform, the bottom of the drill rod is rotationally connected with the drill bit, the outer side of the drill rod is coaxially and fixedly sleeved with a mounting sleeve, and a driving piece for driving the drill bit to rotate is arranged in the mounting sleeve; the inside of drilling rod is coaxial to have offered first cooling runner, is provided with the second cooling runner in the drill bit, and the delivery port has been seted up to the bottom of drill bit, and the drill bit includes a plurality of tool bit of interval distribution on the outer wall, has offered in the drill bit with the third cooling runner of tool bit one-to-one, through directly switch on in the drill bit with the cooling water, can cool down the drill bit, the cooling water in the drill bit is to the bottom excitation simultaneously, both can wash out the stratum of bottom, can cool down the outside tool bit of drill bit again, has better cooling effect to the drill bit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing, in particular to a drilling device and a drilling method for hydraulic fracturing construction.
Background
Hydraulic fracturing, also known as hydraulic fracturing, is the process of injecting a high pressure fluid (liquid or gas) into a target formation to create a fracture or to restart a natural fracture. By modifying the rock stratum structure, a fracture network system is formed, and the industrial purposes of increasing the resource recovery rate and the like are achieved. The conventional low-permeability oil gas permeability-increasing technology of the hydraulic fracturing seat is gradually popularized and applied in the fields of unconventional oil gas exploitation, shale oil gas exploitation, geothermal resource exploitation, nuclear fertilizer treatment, CO2 sequestration, coal mine underground rock formation control and the like, and shows wide industrial application value. In recent years, the hydraulic fracturing technology is gradually applied to the field of coal mine ground stress test, coal seam permeability improvement, roof softening, pressure relief and heavy-load prevention rock stratum control, and a good application effect is achieved.
The utility model discloses a hydraulic fracturing drilling equipment in hole that prevents collapsing, including the bottom plate, the support frame, the link, elevating system, drilling mechanism and water spray mechanism, wherein drilling mechanism includes the transmission shaft and the drill bit, water spray mechanism includes the third fixed block, the water pipe, valve and second torsional spring, the sheathed tube upper and lower both sides all are connected with oily third fixed block, be connected with the water pipe between the third fixed block, the water pipe lower part is rotated and is connected with the valve, valve and lug extrusion cooperation, be connected with the second torsional spring between valve and the water pipe, the drill bit is rotatory to drive the lug rotation, the rotatory reciprocating extrusion valve of lug, and cooperate with the second torsional spring, the valve that is opens and shuts the control automatically, intermittent to the drill bit department supplies water cooling, and can open and shut the control automatically according to the brill rotational speed of drill bit, intermittent to the drill bit department supplies water cooling, and can be according to the automatic control water yield of the brill rotational speed of drill bit, the protection drill bit that can be better.
But the drill bit has higher rotational speed under operating condition, and the lug can frequently extrude the valve on the drill bit, and is high to the wearing and tearing degree of lug, valve, and it is poor to the steady effect of drill bit cooling.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drilling device and a drilling method for hydraulic fracturing construction.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, a drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction is provided, which comprises a drill rod, a drill bit and a ground supporting platform, wherein the top of the drill rod is clamped and fixed through the ground supporting platform, the bottom of the drill rod is rotationally connected with the drill bit, an installation sleeve is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the drill rod, and a driving piece for driving the drill bit to rotate is arranged in the installation sleeve;
The inside of drilling rod is coaxial to have offered first cooling runner, be provided with the second cooling runner in the drill bit, the delivery port of intercommunication second cooling runner has been offered to first cooling runner and second cooling runner intercommunication, the delivery port of intercommunication second cooling runner is offered to the bottom of drill bit, the drill bit includes a plurality of tool bit of interval distribution on the outer wall, set up the third cooling runner with the tool bit one-to-one in the drill bit, third cooling runner and second cooling runner intercommunication, the one end extension that the second cooling runner was kept away from to the third cooling runner is opened and is connected the diapire at the portion tool bit, the external water pump of first cooling runner top opening of drilling rod and cooling water source on the ground supporting platform.
Further, a detection flow passage communicated with a third cooling flow passage is formed in the cutter head, a pressure maintaining assembly is arranged in the third cooling flow passage, a pressure tester is arranged on the ground support platform, and the pressure tester is used for detecting the pressure of cooling water in the first cooling flow passage.
Further, the pressure maintaining assembly comprises a stop block, a support rod and a spring, wherein an installation step is arranged in the third cooling flow passage, the spring and the stop block are sequentially arranged on one side, far away from the tool bit, of the installation step, one end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the stop block, the other end of the support rod penetrates through the installation step and then is abutted to the detection flow passage of the tool bit, so that a gap for cooling water to pass through is formed between the stop block and the installation step, and the spring is used for driving the stop block to move towards the installation step and blocking the installation step.
Further, the support rod is made of brittle materials.
Further, the drill bit includes connector and working head, and the connector is connected with the drilling rod, and the working head is overlapped in the outside of connector, and the working head passes through a plurality of bolt with the connector and can dismantle the connection, detects runner and pressurize subassembly and all set up on the working head, forms the third cooling runner between connector and the working head, has offered auxiliary runner along self circumference between connector and the working head, and auxiliary runner's one end and third runner intercommunication, the other end is along drilling rod axial vertical up.
Further, a plurality of slurry outlets for slurry to pass through are formed between the mounting sleeve and the drill rod, and a plurality of drainage grooves extending from the head to the tail are formed in the outer wall of the drill bit.
Further, an eccentric block is arranged on the outer wall of the connector, the eccentric block is connected with the connector through a pressure sensor, an electronic pressure regulating valve is arranged between the drill rod and the water pump on the ground supporting platform, and the pressure sensor is in communication control with the electronic pressure regulating valve.
Further, a driving assembly for driving the drill rod to descend is arranged on the ground supporting platform;
The driving assembly comprises two groups of lifting platforms, two driving screw rods are vertically arranged on the lifting platforms in a rotating mode, the two groups of lifting platforms are vertically connected to the ground supporting platform in a lifting mode through guide rods in a lifting mode, the two groups of lifting platforms are respectively in threaded transmission with the two driving screw rods, driving motors used for driving the two driving screw rods to rotate respectively are arranged on the ground supporting platform, a yielding hole for a drill rod to pass through is formed in the lifting platform, clamping plates are arranged on two sides of the yielding hole in a sliding mode along the axial direction of the drill rod, and hydraulic cylinders used for driving the clamping plates to slide are arranged on the lifting platform.
Further, a guide cylinder is fixedly arranged on the ground support platform, and the installation sleeve coaxially slides and passes through the guide cylinder.
In a second aspect, there is provided a method of drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction, based on the first aspect, comprising:
S01, installing a ground support platform, assembling and checking a drill bit and a drill rod;
s02, the drill bit and the drill rod are put into the ground, and the drill bit is started to drill holes;
S03, starting a water pump to enable cooling water to fill a cooling flow passage in the drill bit, and cooling the drill bit;
S04, ground personnel observe real-time pressure data of the pressure tester, and when continuous pressure loss or accumulated multiple pressure loss occurs in the pressure test count value, the drill rod and the drill bit are lifted, and the working head on the drill bit is replaced;
S05, putting the drill bit and the drill rod into the drill rod again to perform drilling work;
S06, repeating the steps S02-S05 until the drilling is excavated to a preset depth.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. the first cooling flow passage in the drill rod is communicated with the second cooling flow passage in the drill bit, so that cooling water can be directly introduced into the drill bit, the drill bit is cooled, meanwhile, the cooling water in the drill bit is excited to the bottom, rock stratum at the bottom can be flushed, and the cutter head outside the drill bit can be cooled;
2. the pressure of cooling water in the cooling flow channels in the drill rod and the drill bit is monitored in real time, so that the integrity of the bit on the drill bit is judged remotely, the drill bit can be lifted and replaced in time, and more serious loss is avoided;
3. The eccentric blocks on the drill bit generate different centrifugal forces along with the rotation process of the drill bit, the actual rotation speed of the drill bit is determined, and the electronic pressure regulating valve is regulated on the ground supporting platform, so that the cooling fluid pressure in the cooling flow channel is in direct proportion to the actual rotation speed of the drill bit, the water outlet flow of the water outlet at the bottom of the drill bit is controlled, and the effect of saving cooling water is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction according to example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a drill bit according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal cross-sectional structure of the drill rod and the drill bit according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cutter head and pressure maintaining assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing the steps of the method of embodiment 2 of the present application.
1, A drill rod; 11. a first cooling flow passage; 2. a drill bit; 21. a second cooling flow path; 22. a water outlet; 23. a cutter head; 24. a third cooling flow path; 25. detecting a flow channel; 26. a connector; 27. a working head; 28. an auxiliary flow passage; 29. drainage grooves; 3. a ground support platform; 4. a mounting sleeve; 41. a slurry outlet; 5. a water pump; 51. a pressure tester; 61. a stop block; 62. a support rod; 63. a spring; 64. mounting steps; 71. an eccentric block; 72. a pressure sensor; 73. an electronic pressure regulating valve; 81. a lifting platform; 82. driving a screw rod; 83. a driving motor; 84. a guide rod; 85. a relief hole; 86. a clamping plate; 87. a hydraulic cylinder; 88. a guide cylinder; 9. and a suction pump.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction, which comprises a drill rod 1, a drill bit 2 and a ground supporting platform 3, wherein the ground supporting platform 3 is fixed on the ground platform to be drilled through a foundation bolt and other structures, the top end of the drill rod 1 is clamped and fixed through the ground supporting platform 3, the bottom of the drill rod 1 is connected with the drill bit 2 in a hole, an installation sleeve 4 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the drill rod 1, and a driving piece (not shown in the figure) for driving the drill bit 2 to rotate is arranged in the installation sleeve 4. The driving member may be an electric motor, which is fixed in the mounting sleeve 4, the output shaft of which is in driving connection with the drill bit 2. The installation sleeve 4 extends upwards to be higher than the ground, a channel is formed between the installation sleeve 4 and the drill rod 1, a plugging structure is adopted on the ground to plug a channel opening between the installation sleeve 4 and the drill rod 1, and a suction pump 9 is adopted to suck the channel between the installation sleeve 4 and the drill rod 1, so that sediment generated in the drilling process is sucked out of the ground, and cooling water in the sediment is reused after being filtered.
Referring to fig. 4, a first cooling flow passage 11 is coaxially provided in the drill rod 1, and both ends of the first cooling flow passage 11 penetrate the drill rod 1. The drill bit 2 is internally provided with a second cooling flow passage 21, the second cooling flow passage 21 is communicated with the first cooling flow passage 11, and the bottom of the drill bit 2 is provided with a water outlet 22 communicated with the second cooling flow passage 21. A plurality of tool bits 23 are distributed on the outer wall of the drill bit 2 at intervals, a plurality of third cooling flow passages 24 are formed in the drill bit 2, the third cooling flow passages 24 are in one-to-one correspondence with the tool bits 23, one end of each third cooling flow passage 24 is communicated with the second cooling flow passage 21, and the other end of each third cooling flow passage is connected with the bottom wall of the corresponding tool bit 23 in an extending and opening mode. The water pump 5 and the cooling water source are externally connected to the opening at the top of the first cooling flow passage 11 of the drill rod 1 on the ground support platform 3, when the drill bit 2 drills underground, the water pump 5 is started, cooling water is injected into the drill rod 1, the cooling water fills the first cooling flow passage 11, the second cooling flow passage 21 and the third cooling flow passage 24, the cooling water can be directly contacted with the bottom wall of the cutter head 23, and the cutter head 23 is cooled. Meanwhile, through the water outlet 22 at the bottom of the drill bit 2, cooling water can flow out from the bottom of the drill bit 2in the drilling process of the drill bit 2, the direct working face of the cutter head 23 on the drill bit 2 is cooled, frequent starting is not needed, the drill bit 2 is cooled, and the service life of each part of the structure of the drilling device is prolonged.
Further, a detection flow passage 25 communicated with a third cooling flow passage 24 is formed in the bottom wall of the cutter head 23, a pressure maintaining assembly is arranged in the third cooling flow passage 24, a pressure tester 51 is arranged on the ground supporting platform 3, and the pressure tester 51 is connected to a pipeline communicated with the drill rod 1 and the water pump 5 and used for detecting the pressure of cooling water in the first cooling flow passage 11. When the bit 2 is in operation, the third cooling flow passage 24 in the bit 23 is directly communicated with the external connection when the bit 23 is worn or broken greatly, the pressure in each cooling flow passage is reduced in the communication state, the pressure is directly reflected on the pressure tester 51 on the ground support platform 3, and after the third cooling flow passage 24 is communicated with the external connection, the third cooling flow passage 24 is closed again through the pressure maintaining assembly, and the cooling water pressure in each cooling flow passage is newly maintained. The approximate abrasion degree of the tool bits 23 on the drill bit 2 is obtained remotely by detecting the pressure of cooling water, when pressure fluctuation occurs for a plurality of times in a set time period or pressure fluctuation occurs for a set number of times in a cumulative way from the starting of the drill bit 2, the fact that the drill bit 2 touches a hard stratum to cause abrasion or fracture of the plurality of tool bits 23 on the drill bit 2 is described, the drill bit 2 and the drill rod 1 need to be lifted in time, the drilling operation is restarted after the drill bit 2 is replaced, and the drill bit 2 is prevented from being damaged greatly even broken in a hole.
In the embodiment of the application, the pressure maintaining assembly comprises a stop block 61, a support rod 62 and a spring 63, wherein an installation step 64 is coaxially arranged in the third cooling flow channel 24, the spring 63 and the stop block 61 are sequentially connected to one side of the installation step 64 far away from the cutter head 23, one end of the support rod 62 is fixedly connected with the stop block 61, the other end of the support rod 62 passes through the installation step 64 and then is inserted into the detection flow channel 25, the diameter of the support rod 62 is smaller than that of the detection flow channel 25, when the support rod 62 is abutted against the inner bottom wall of the detection flow channel 25, the stop block 61 is supported far away from the installation step 64, and a gap for cooling water to pass through is formed between the stop block 61 and the installation step 64. The spring 63 is used for driving the stop block 61 to move towards the mounting step 64 and sealing the mounting step 64, when the cutter head 23 breaks or wears to expose the supporting rod 62, the supporting rod 62 is pushed to extend out of the drill bit 2 under the acting force of the spring 63, and after wearing or breaking, the stop block 61 is pulled under the acting force of the spring 63 and seals the mounting step 64, so that cooling water is prevented from continuously flowing out of the drill bit 2.
Further, the support rod 62 may be made of a brittle material, such as ceramic or glass. When the supporting rod 62 extends out of the drill bit 2 to contact with an external rock stratum, the supporting rod 62 is directly broken by strong impact force, so that the stop block 61 can be smoothly pulled by the spring 63 to block the mounting step 64, and the influence of bending deformation on the stop block 61 to block the mounting step 64 in the process of contacting the supporting rod 62 with the rock stratum is avoided.
In the embodiment of the application, the drill bit 2 comprises a connector 26 and a working head 27, the connector 26 is coaxially and rotatably connected with the drill rod 1, the working head 27 is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of one end, far away from the drill rod 1, of the connector 26, the working head 27 is fixedly connected with the connector 26 in a detachable mode through a plurality of bolts, and the bolts penetrate through the working head 27 and are in threaded connection with the connector 26. The detection flow passage 25 and the pressure maintaining assembly are both provided on the working head 27. A third cooling flow passage 24 is formed between the connector 26 and the working head 27, an auxiliary flow passage 28 is further formed between the connector 26 and the working head 27, one end of the auxiliary flow passage 28 is communicated with the third flow passage, the other end of the auxiliary flow passage is vertically upwards along the axial direction of the drill rod 1, and a plurality of auxiliary flow passages 28 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the drill bit 2 at intervals. The cooling liquid is sprayed upwards through the auxiliary flow channel 28, so that sediment produced by drilling around the drill bit 2 can be sprayed upwards, sediment deposition above the drill bit 2 is reduced, the contact area between the working head 27 and cooling is increased, and the cooling effect on the working head 27 is improved.
Further, a plurality of slurry outlets 41 through which slurry passes are formed between the mounting sleeve 4 and the drill rod 1, and a plurality of drainage grooves 29 extending from the head to the tail are formed in the outer wall of the drill bit 2. By means of the drainage groove 29 and the slurry outlet 41, sediment slurry in the drilling process can be more quickly guided upwards, and sediment deposition is avoided.
Further, an eccentric block 71 is further arranged on the outer wall of the connector 26, the eccentric block 71 is connected with the connector 26 through a pressure sensor 72, a conductive line is vertically arranged on the drill rod 1, and a conductive slip ring is arranged between the bottom end of the drill rod 1 and the connector 26, so that the conductive line is connected with the pressure sensor 72. An electronic pressure regulating valve 73 is further arranged between the drill rod 1 and the water pump 5 on the ground supporting platform 3, the electronic pressure regulating valve 73 is positioned between the pressure tester 51 and the water pump 5, and the pressure sensor 72 and the electronic pressure regulating valve 73 are in telecommunication connection with a processor. During rotation of the drill bit 2, the eccentric mass 71 presses the pressure sensor 72 under the centrifugal force, and the higher the rotational speed of the drill bit 2, the larger the value of the force detected by the pressure sensor 72. The rotation speed of the drill bit 2 is calculated and determined based on the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 72 and output to the processor, and the output pressure of the electronic pressure regulating valve 73 is controlled and regulated based on the rotation speed, so that the water outlet rate of the water outlet 22 and the auxiliary flow channel 28 on the drill bit 2 is controlled, and the cooling requirement of the drill bit 2 is met.
In other embodiments, the rotation speed of the output shaft of the motor can be monitored in real time by arranging a rotation speed sensor at the output shaft of the motor, and the water outlet rate of the water outlet 22 and the auxiliary flow channel 28 on the drill bit 2 can be adjusted in real time by the rotation speed of the output shaft of the motor.
In the embodiment of the application, the driving assembly comprises two groups of lifting platforms 81, the two groups of lifting platforms 81 are vertically lifted and arranged on the ground supporting platform 3, and each group of lifting platforms 81 is further provided with a clamping assembly for clamping the drill rod 1. The two groups of lifting platforms 81 are independently connected to the ground supporting platform 3 in a lifting manner, and the drill rod 1 can be gradually penetrated into the ground by alternately clamping the drill rod 1 through clamping assemblies on the two groups of lifting platforms 81.
Specifically, at least two guide rods 84 are vertically and fixedly installed on the ground support platform 3, guide sleeves matched with the guide rods 84 and corresponding to the guide rods 84 are fixedly installed on the lifting platform 81, and the lifting platform 81 is vertically and slidably connected to the guide rods 84 through the guide sleeves. The ground support platform 3 is further vertically provided with two driving screw rods 82, two ends of each driving screw rod 82 are rotatably connected with the ground support platform 3, driving motors 83 are fixedly installed on the ground support platform 3, the number of the driving motors 83 is two, and the driving motors are respectively in transmission connection with the two driving screw rods 82 so as to drive the driving screw rods 82 to rotate, and the transmission mode can be gear transmission or direct connection transmission. Screw rod sleeves are fixedly installed on the two lifting platforms 81, and the screw rod sleeves on the two lifting platforms 81 are respectively sleeved on the two driving screw rods 82 in a threaded manner.
Clamping assembly includes splint 86 and pneumatic cylinder 87, has offered the hole 85 of stepping down that supplies drilling rod 1 vertically to pass on the lift platform 81, and splint 86 are equipped with two at least, and splint 86 set up along stepping down hole 85 circumference, and pneumatic cylinder 87 quantity is unanimous and one-to-one with splint 86 quantity, and the piston rod and the splint 86 fixed connection of pneumatic cylinder 87, and the piston rod through pneumatic cylinder 87 stretches out and draws back, makes splint 86 slide along stepping down hole 85 radial relative lift platform 81. The drill rod 1 is simultaneously clamped by a plurality of clamping plates 86, so that the drill rod 1 is fixed with the lifting platform 81 and vertically lifted along with the lifting platform 81. In order to enhance the clamping effect of the clamping plate 86 on the drill rod 1, an annular groove or anti-slip lines can be formed in the outer wall of the drill rod 1, a protrusion matched with the surface of the drill rod 1 is arranged on one surface of the clamping plate 86 close to the drill rod 1, and the travel of the lifting platform 81 relative to the drill rod 1 is determined when the lifting platform moves, so that the protrusion on the clamping plate 86 can be completely matched with the annular groove or the anti-slip lines on the outer wall of the drill rod 1. In other embodiments, the hydraulic cylinder 87 may be an electric push rod, a link structure, or the like.
Further, in order to improve the guiding effect of the ground support platform 3 on the drill rod 1 and the mounting sleeve 4, the ground support platform 3 is further fixedly provided with a guiding cylinder 88, the guiding cylinder 88 is located below the lifting platform 81, the mounting sleeve 4 coaxially slides through the guiding cylinder 88, and the drill rod 1 can be effectively ensured to be kept vertical in the lifting process through the combined action of the clamping assembly on at least one lifting platform 81 and the guiding cylinder 88.
The drilling rod 1 and the installation sleeve 4 can all be designed into multistage formula and can dismantle the design, can be connected through the screw thread mode between the adjacent drilling rod 1, on ground supporting platform 3, be located can leave the installation clearance that supplies installation sleeve 4 installation to be connected between lifting platform 81 and the guide cylinder 88 of lower floor, installation sleeve 4 comprises through the two halves concatenation of bolt dismantlement connection, thereby installation sleeve 4 is fixed relatively with drilling rod 1 through annular or anti-skidding line cooperation on drilling rod 1 surface, through auxiliary installation equipment, with installation sleeve 4 be connected fixedly with drilling rod 1 fast in installation clearance department.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for drilling holes for hydraulic fracturing construction, based on the drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction provided in embodiment 1, including the following steps:
S01, installing a ground support platform 3, assembling and checking a drill bit 2 and a drill rod 1, ensuring stable connection of equipment structures, and installing an electric power line, a hydraulic line and a cooling water line in place;
S02, the drill bit 2 and the drill rod 1 are put into the ground, and the drill bit 2 is started to drill holes;
s03, starting a water pump 5 to enable cooling water to fill a cooling flow passage in the drill bit 2, and cooling the drill bit 2;
S04, ground personnel observe real-time pressure data of the pressure tester 51, and observe whether the numerical value of the pressure tester 51 fluctuates greatly by taking the pressure of the output end of the electronic pressure regulating valve 73 as a reference. When the accumulated number of times of pressure loss is observed on the pressure tester 51, and reaches a preset number value, the abrasion or collapse degree of the drill bit 2 on the drill bit 2 is indicated to reach a set replaceable standard, and the drill rod 1 and the drill bit 2 need to be lifted and the working head 27 on the drill bit 2 needs to be replaced; when it is observed that the number of consecutive pressure losses occurring in the pressure gauge 51 is displayed for a set period of time, the number of pressure losses reaching or exceeding another preset number value, which indicates that the drill bit 2 has contacted the hard formation and has suffered a great amount of wear or collapse, it is necessary to lift the drill rod 1 and the drill bit 2, to newly calculate and formulate drilling parameters, and to replace the working head 27 on the adapted drill bit 2.
S05, after the complete working head 27 is replaced, the drill bit 2 and the drill rod 1 are put in again to perform drilling work;
S06, repeating the steps S02-S05 until the drilling is excavated to a preset depth.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that while preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications may be made to these embodiments once the basic inventive concepts are known to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction is characterized by comprising a drill rod (1), a drill bit (2) and a ground supporting platform (3), wherein the top of the drill rod (1) is clamped and fixed through the ground supporting platform (3), the bottom of the drill rod (1) is rotationally connected with the drill bit (2), an installation sleeve (4) is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the drill rod (1), and a driving piece for driving the drill bit (2) to rotate is arranged in the installation sleeve (4);
The drill rod (1) is characterized in that a first cooling flow passage (11) is coaxially formed in the drill rod (1), a second cooling flow passage (21) is formed in the drill bit (2), the first cooling flow passage (11) is communicated with the second cooling flow passage (21), a water outlet (22) communicated with the second cooling flow passage (21) is formed in the bottom of the drill bit (2), the drill bit (2) comprises a plurality of cutter heads (23) which are distributed on the outer wall at intervals, third cooling flow passages (24) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the cutter heads (23) are formed in the drill bit (2), the third cooling flow passages (24) are communicated with the second cooling flow passage (21), one end, far away from the second cooling flow passage (21), of the third cooling flow passage (24) extends to open a bottom wall connected with the cutter heads (23), and the top opening of the first cooling flow passage (11) of the drill rod (1) on the ground support platform (3) is externally connected with a water pump (5) and a cooling water source;
A detection flow passage (25) communicated with a third cooling flow passage (24) is formed in the cutter head (23), a pressure maintaining assembly is arranged in the third cooling flow passage (24), a pressure tester (51) is arranged on the ground support platform (3), and the pressure tester (51) is used for detecting the pressure of cooling water in the first cooling flow passage (11);
The pressure maintaining assembly comprises a stop block (61), a support rod (62) and a spring (63), wherein an installation step (64) is arranged in the third cooling flow passage (24), the spring (63) and the stop block (61) are sequentially connected to one side, far away from the cutter head (23), of the installation step (64), one end of the support rod (62) is fixedly connected with the stop block (61), the other end of the support rod passes through the installation step (64) and then is abutted to the inside of the detection flow passage (25) of the cutter head (23), a gap for cooling water to pass through is formed between the stop block (61) and the installation step (64), and the spring (63) is used for driving the stop block (61) to move towards the installation step (64) and sealing the installation step (64).
2. The drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction according to claim 1, wherein the support rod (62) is made of a brittle material.
3. The drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill bit (2) comprises a connector (26) and a working head (27), the connector (26) is connected with the drill rod (1), the working head (27) is sleeved on the outer side of the connector (26), the working head (27) is detachably connected with the connector (26) through a plurality of bolts, the detection flow channel (25) and the pressure maintaining component are arranged on the working head (27), a third cooling flow channel (24) is formed between the connector (26) and the working head (27), an auxiliary flow channel (28) is formed between the connector (26) and the working head (27) along the circumferential direction of the connector, one end of the auxiliary flow channel (28) is communicated with the third flow channel, and the other end of the auxiliary flow channel is vertically upwards along the axial direction of the drill rod (1).
4. A drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction according to claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of slurry outlets (41) for slurry to pass through are formed between the mounting sleeve (4) and the drill rod (1), and a plurality of drainage grooves (29) extending from the head part to the tail part are formed in the outer wall of the drill bit (2).
5. The drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction according to claim 4, wherein an eccentric block (71) is arranged on the outer wall of the connector (26), the eccentric block (71) is connected with the connector (26) through a pressure sensor (72), an electronic pressure regulating valve (73) is arranged on the ground support platform (3) between the drill rod (1) and the water pump (5), and the pressure sensor (72) is in communication control with the electronic pressure regulating valve (73).
6. Drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground support platform (3) is provided with a driving assembly for driving the drill rod (1) down;
The driving assembly comprises two groups of lifting platforms (81), two driving screw rods (82) are vertically arranged on the lifting platforms (81) in a rotating mode, the two groups of lifting platforms (81) are connected to the ground supporting platform (3) in a vertically lifting mode through guide rods (84), the two groups of lifting platforms (81) are respectively in threaded transmission with the two driving screw rods (82), driving motors (83) used for driving the two driving screw rods (82) to rotate respectively are arranged on the ground supporting platform (3), yielding holes (85) for a drill rod (1) to pass through are formed in the lifting platforms (81), clamping plates (86) are arranged on two sides of the lifting platforms (81) in a sliding mode along the axial direction of the drill rod (1), and hydraulic cylinders (87) used for driving the clamping plates (86) to slide are arranged on the lifting platforms (81).
7. The drilling device for hydraulic fracturing construction according to claim 6, wherein a guide cylinder (88) is fixedly arranged on the ground support platform (3), and the mounting sleeve (4) is coaxially and slidably arranged in the guide cylinder (88).
8. A method of using a hydraulic fracturing construction drilling apparatus, based on any one of claims 1-7, comprising:
S01, installing a ground support platform (3), assembling and checking a drill bit (2) and a drill rod (1);
S02, the drill bit (2) and the drill rod (1) are put into the ground, and the drill bit (2) is started to drill holes;
S03, starting a water pump (5), enabling cooling water to fill a cooling flow channel in the drill bit (2), and cooling the drill bit (2);
S04, ground personnel observe real-time pressure data of the pressure tester (51), and when continuous pressure loss or accumulated multiple pressure loss occurs in the numerical value of the pressure tester (51), the drill rod (1) and the drill bit (2) are lifted, and a working head (27) on the drill bit (2) is replaced;
S05, the drill bit (2) and the drill rod (1) are put down again to perform drilling work;
S06, repeating the steps S02-S05 until the drilling is excavated to a preset depth.
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| CN214920761U (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-11-30 | 大连和泰精工有限公司 | Indexable violent drill |
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| GB659911A (en) * | 1948-05-03 | 1951-10-31 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Improvements in or relating to drilling tools |
| SU1051211A1 (en) * | 1982-02-25 | 1983-10-30 | Производственное Ордена Ленина Объединение "Грознефть" | Roller bit |
| US20110290560A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Early wear detection |
| CN112796672B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2024-08-13 | 张晓银 | Mining drilling and cutting integrated drill bit with springs and working method thereof |
| CN114991665B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2025-03-21 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Push-type guide drill bit, drilling tool and drilling method for underground coal mine |
| CN221018820U (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-05-28 | 浙江欣兴工具股份有限公司 | Connection structure and drill bit |
| CN221003944U (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-05-24 | 江浪科技股份有限公司 | One-way sequence valve |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101761350A (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2010-06-30 | 河南理工大学 | Rapid drilling device of small-bore tunnel bottom plate drill |
| CN112272728A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2021-01-26 | 巴西石油公司 | System and method for monitoring drill bit wear |
| CN214920761U (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-11-30 | 大连和泰精工有限公司 | Indexable violent drill |
| CN118241986A (en) * | 2024-02-04 | 2024-06-25 | 淮北矿业股份有限公司 | Hydraulic fracturing drilling device for hole collapse prevention |
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