CN118564646A - Shifting fork device and clutch mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of transmission devices, and discloses a fork device and a clutch mechanism, wherein the fork device comprises a base and a fork, the fork is rotatably connected to the base, the rotation axis of the fork is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the meshing part to be shifted by the fork, the fork is located on both sides of the rotation axis respectively with a fork head and a fork tail, the fork head is used to cooperate with the meshing part, the fork tail is rotatably connected with a transfer shaft, the rotation axis of the transfer shaft is parallel to the rotation axis of the fork, a screw rod is passed through the transfer shaft and threadedly matched, the axis of the screw rod is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the transfer shaft, the screw rod is rotatably connected to the transfer seat with its axis as the rotation axis, the transfer seat is rotatably connected to the base, the rotation axis of the transfer seat relative to the base is parallel to the rotation axis of the fork, and the axis of the screw rod crosses the rotation axis of the transfer seat. The present invention fundamentally avoids cross interference with parallel transmission shafts, and expands the arrangement angle, distance and range of the operating handle.

Description

A fork device and a clutch mechanism

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of transmission devices, and more specifically to a shift fork device and a clutch mechanism.

Background Art

The shift fork is a commonly used component in the shift mechanism and the clutch mechanism. The shift fork in the prior art is usually fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the operating handle. The shift fork is driven to swing by turning the operating handle, and the swing of the shift fork drives the meshing parts to slide, thereby realizing the shifting or separation and engagement of the mechanism. For example, the scheme disclosed in the Chinese patent application number 201620314491.1 includes such a shift fork and other structures. At present, similar to the scheme in the patent, the rotation axis of the rotating shaft and the sliding direction of the meshing parts driven by the shift fork are perpendicular, which greatly limits the position of the operating handle and makes it difficult to design the position of the operating handle according to the operation requirements of the equipment. In addition, the transmission of force between the shift fork, the rotating shaft and the operating handle is a direct rigid transmission, which leads to the need to apply a large force on the operating handle to drive the shift fork on the one hand, and even a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder is needed to drive the operating handle in some cases. On the other hand, the rotating shaft needs to have a high strength, and other transmission structures should not be used between the operating handle and the rotating shaft, and between the rotating shaft and the shift fork. In addition, there are usually other transmission shafts in the housing where the shift mechanism or clutch mechanism is located. Some of these transmission shafts need to be parallel to the sliding direction of the meshing parts. Due to the limitation of the housing space, the rotating shaft and these parallel transmission shafts will cause cross interference. Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of this cross interference situation, which shows the operating handle a, rotating shaft b, shift fork c, meshing part d and parallel transmission shaft e, among which the rotating shaft b and parallel transmission shaft e produce cross interference. In this case, it is necessary to design the rotating shaft or parallel transmission shaft to avoid the position, which will undoubtedly increase the complexity of the structure. Generally speaking, the more complex the structure, the worse the structural strength and stability, and it will also increase the difficulty of the design work.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a shift fork device and a clutch mechanism.

The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions.

A fork device comprises a base and a fork, wherein the fork is rotatably connected to the base, the rotation axis of the fork is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the meshing part to be shifted by the fork, the fork has a fork head and a fork tail on both sides of the rotation axis, the fork head is used to cooperate with the meshing part, the fork tail is rotatably connected to a transfer shaft, the rotation axis of the transfer shaft is parallel to the rotation axis of the fork, a screw is passed through the transfer shaft and threadedly engaged, the axis of the screw is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the transfer shaft, the screw is rotatably connected to the transfer seat with its axis as the rotation axis, the transfer seat is rotatably connected to the base, the rotation axis of the transfer seat relative to the base is parallel to the rotation axis of the fork, and the axis of the screw crosses the rotation axis of the transfer seat.

The shift fork device of the present solution is usually used in a shift mechanism or a clutch mechanism. The shift mechanism and the clutch mechanism are generally installed in a housing. The base in the present solution can be a separate component and then fixed in the housing. In special cases, the housing can also be directly used as the base in the present solution. In the prior art, the swinging trajectory of any point on the swinging fork is on a plane, and the rotation axis of the fork and the plane formed by the swinging trajectory of any point on the fork are perpendicular. Such a structural form is more reasonable, simple and efficient. The rotation axis of the fork in the present solution is not only perpendicular to the sliding direction of the meshing part to be shifted by the fork, but also perpendicular to the plane formed by the swinging trajectory of any point on the fork. The present solution drives the transfer shaft to move back and forth along the screw by rotating the screw forward and backward, thereby driving the fork to swing. During this process, the screw will also swing to a certain extent. The screw can be connected to an operating device such as an operating handle through a transmission such as a universal joint or a drum coupling. The axis of the screw and the axis of the meshing parts in this solution are on two parallel planes. The preferred solution is to design them on the same plane, thereby fundamentally avoiding cross interference with parallel transmission shafts, and being able to expand the layout angle, distance and range of the operating handle. In addition, torque conversion is carried out between the screw and the fork through the adapter shaft, which is similar to the mechanism of the lead screw driving the lead screw nut and the lead screw nut, so the force required to be applied to the screw is relatively small, so that a transmission structure such as a universal joint can be arranged between the screw and the operating handle, thereby expanding the layout angle, distance and range of the operating handle, so that it can better adapt to the needs of the equipment operation position.

As a further improved structural form, the above-mentioned rotational connection is all realized by using rolling bearings. Using rolling bearings to realize the rotational connection can reduce friction and make the device more efficient.

As a further improved structural form, the axis of the screw and the rotation axis of the adapter shaft are intersected. If the axis of the screw and the rotation axis of the adapter shaft are misaligned, the adapter shaft is equivalent to a connecting rod, which adds a linkage link, which will reduce the efficiency of the device. Therefore, this structural form can make the device more efficient. In addition, under this structural form, technical personnel in this field can easily know based on the functions and effects of this scheme that within the swing range of the fork, it should be avoided that the rotation axis of the fork, the rotation axis of the adapter shaft, and the rotation axis of the adapter seat are in the same plane, because if these three axes are in the same plane, the screw and these three axes are also in the same plane, which will cause the screw to get stuck. The preferred scheme is that within the swing range of the fork, the rotation axis of the fork, the rotation axis of the adapter shaft, and the rotation axis of the adapter seat are always located at the three vertices of the triangle respectively.

As a further improved structural form, the base is provided with a limit plate for limiting the swinging amplitude of the shift fork. The limit plate can be arranged on the swinging path of the shift fork, so that the limit plate can be used to block the shift fork to prevent the shift fork from swinging too much and causing the meshing part to be moved by the shift fork to exceed the appropriate meshing position or be out of meshing.

As a further improved structural form, an adjusting rod is provided through the above-mentioned limit plate and connected with a thread, the axis of the adjusting rod is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the shift fork and one end of the adjusting rod is used to limit the swing amplitude of the shift fork, or a sensor or a travel switch for detecting the shift fork is connected to the limit plate. If the adjusting rod is provided through the limit plate, the limit position can be fine-tuned by twisting the adjusting rod, that is, the swing amplitude of the shift fork can be fine-tuned, so that the meshing part to be moved by the shift fork can be more accurately in the appropriate meshing position. If a sensor or a travel switch is provided, the sensor and the travel switch can detect that the shift fork has swung into place, and then the sensor and the travel switch send a signal to the control system, and the control system then prompts the meshing part to be moved by the shift fork to be in the appropriate meshing position through a prompt light or a prompt bell.

The present invention also discloses a clutch mechanism, including the above-mentioned shift fork device, and also including a first external spline shaft and a second external spline shaft arranged coaxially and spaced apart, the meshing part to be shifted by the shift fork is an internal spline sleeve, the internal spline sleeve is connected to the first external spline shaft through a spline sliding fit, the fork head of the shift fork is snap-fitted with the internal spline sleeve, and one end of the screw in the shift fork device is connected with a universal joint for transmission connection of an operating handle. Among them, the fork head of the shift fork and the internal spline sleeve are snap-fitted, which can be a notch provided on the fork head, a circumferential flange provided on the internal spline sleeve, and the circumferential flange of the internal spline sleeve snapped into the notch of the fork head. It can also be a flange provided on the fork head, a circumferential groove provided on the internal spline sleeve, and the flange of the fork head snapped into the circumferential groove of the internal spline sleeve. This scheme can expand the arrangement angle, distance and range of the operating handle, so that it can better adapt to the operation needs of the equipment.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects: it fundamentally avoids the situation of cross-interference with parallel transmission shafts, and can expand the arrangement angle, distance and range of the operating handle; torque conversion is carried out between the screw and the fork through the adapter shaft, and the force required to be applied to the screw during operation is relatively small, and a transmission structure can be arranged between the screw and the operating handle, thereby expanding the arrangement angle, distance and range of the operating handle, so that it can better adapt to the operating needs of the equipment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel transmission shaft and a rotating shaft of a driving fork in the background art in an interference state.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the base in the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shift fork, the core shaft and the adapter shaft in the assembled state in the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.

Implementation

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are only used for exemplary description and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

In order to more concisely describe the present embodiment, some parts known to those skilled in the art but not related to the main content of the present invention are omitted in the drawings or descriptions. In addition, for the convenience of description, some parts in the drawings are omitted, enlarged or reduced, but they do not represent the size or entire structure of the actual product.

Embodiment 1, as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , a fork device includes a base 1 and a fork 2. The base 1 includes a bottom plate 11, and two large bearing seats 12 and two small bearing seats 13 are welded and fixed on one side of the bottom plate 11. A core shaft 3 is passed through the middle of the fork 2, and the core shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the two large bearing seats 12 through a deep groove ball bearing, and the fork 2 is arranged between the two large bearing seats 12. The axis of the core shaft 3 is the rotation axis of the fork 2, and the axis of the core shaft 3 is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the meshing part to be shifted by the fork 2, and the axis of the core shaft 3 is perpendicular to the plane formed by the swing trajectory of any point on the fork 2.

The fork 2 has a fork head 21 and a fork tail 22 on both sides of the core shaft 3. The fork head 21 is used to cooperate with the meshing parts. The fork tail 22 extends two bearing seat arms 23 in one piece. The two bearing seat arms 23 are rotatably connected to the transfer shaft 4 through deep groove ball bearings. The axis of the transfer shaft 4 is the rotation axis of the transfer shaft 4. The axis of the transfer shaft 4 is parallel to the axis of the core shaft 3. The transfer shaft 4 is penetrated and threaded with a screw 5. The axis of the screw 5 is perpendicular to the axis of the transfer shaft 4, and the axis of the screw 5 crosses the axis of the transfer shaft 4.

The two small bearing seats 13 are rotatably connected to the adapter seat 6 through deep groove ball bearings, and the rotation axis of the adapter seat 6 relative to the small bearing seat 13 is parallel to the axis of the core shaft 3. The screw 5 is rotatably connected to the adapter seat 6 through two coaxially arranged deep groove ball bearings. The screw 5 is provided with a shoulder, and the shoulder of the screw 5 is clamped on the outside of one of the deep groove ball bearings. The screw 5 is locked with a round nut 7, and the round nut 7 is clamped on the outside of the other deep groove ball bearing, so that the screw 5 and the adapter seat 6 are relatively fixed in the axial direction. The axis of the screw 5 is the rotation axis of the screw 5, and the axis of the screw 5 and the rotation axis of the adapter seat 6 relative to the small bearing seat 13 intersect.

The rotation connection in this embodiment is realized by deep groove ball bearings, which can reduce friction and make the device more efficient. In addition, if the axis of the screw and the axis of the adapter shaft are misaligned, the adapter shaft is equivalent to a connecting rod, which adds a linkage link, which will reduce the efficiency of the device. The axis of the screw and the axis of the adapter shaft in this embodiment are crossed, which can make the device more efficient. In addition, in this embodiment, the axis of the core shaft, the axis of the adapter shaft, and the rotation axis of the adapter seat are always located on the three vertices of the triangle, of course, one vertex in the triangle changes within a certain range. This can avoid the three axes being in the same plane, causing the screw to get stuck.

In this embodiment, two limit plates 14 are also provided on the base 1. The two limit plates 14 are arranged on both sides of the swing direction of the shift fork 2. The two ends of the limit plates 14 are respectively welded and fixed on the two large bearing seats 12. An adjustment rod is provided through each limit plate 14 and is threadedly connected. The adjustment rod in this embodiment directly adopts a hexagonal bolt 8. The axis of the hexagonal bolt 8 is perpendicular to the axis of the core shaft 3. A nut is locked on the hexagonal bolt 8. The end of the hexagonal bolt 8 close to the shift fork 2 is used to block the shift fork 2. The hexagonal bolt 8 can limit the swing amplitude of the shift fork 2 to prevent the shift fork 2 from swinging too much and causing the meshing parts to be moved by the shift fork 2 to be out of engagement. Moreover, the limit position can be fine-tuned by turning the hexagonal bolt 8, that is, the swing amplitude of the shift fork 2 can be fine-tuned, so that the meshing parts to be moved by the shift fork 2 can be more accurately placed in the appropriate meshing position.

In other embodiments, a sensor or travel switch for detecting the shift fork, such as a proximity switch sensor, may also be connected to the limit plate or the adjusting rod. When the shift fork is swung into place, the proximity switch sensor may send a signal to the control system, and the control system may then prompt the shift fork, through a prompt light or a prompt bell, that the meshing part to be moved by the shift fork is in the appropriate meshing position.

The shift fork device of this embodiment is usually used in a shift mechanism or a clutch mechanism. The shift mechanism and the clutch mechanism are generally installed in a box. The base in this embodiment is a separate component, which can be fixed in the box during assembly. In this embodiment, the transfer shaft is driven to move back and forth along the screw by rotating the screw forward and backward, thereby driving the shift fork to swing. In this process, the screw will also swing to a certain extent. The screw can be connected to an operating device such as an operating handle through a universal joint or a drum coupling. The axis of the screw and the axis of the meshing part in this embodiment are designed to be on the same plane, thereby fundamentally avoiding the situation of cross-interference with the parallel transmission shaft, and can expand the layout angle, distance and range of the operating handle. In addition, the torque conversion between the screw and the shift fork is carried out through the transfer shaft, so the force applied to the screw is small, so that a transmission structure can be arranged between the screw and the operating handle, thereby expanding the layout angle, distance and range of the operating handle, so that it can better adapt to the operation needs of the equipment.

Embodiment 2, as shown in FIG6 , this embodiment introduces a clutch mechanism. The clutch mechanism of this embodiment includes the fork device of embodiment 1, and also includes a first external spline shaft 91 and a second external spline shaft 92 arranged coaxially and spaced apart. The meshing part to be shifted by the fork 2 is an internal spline sleeve 93, and the internal spline sleeve 93 is connected to the first external spline shaft 91 through a spline sliding fit. The fork head 21 of the fork 2 is provided with a notch, and the internal spline sleeve 93 is provided with a circumferential flange. The circumferential flange of the internal spline sleeve 93 is inserted into the notch of the fork head 21, and a gap is left between the notch and the circumferential flange, so as to realize the clamping connection between the fork head 21 of the fork 2 and the internal spline sleeve 93. One end of the screw 5 in the fork device is connected with a universal joint 94. The universal joint 94 can be directly connected to the operating handle, and can also be connected to a transition shaft, and then connected to another universal joint, and then connected to the operating handle. In this way, the screw is driven to rotate forward and backward by rotating the operating handle forward and backward, and the forward and backward rotation of the screw drives the adapter shaft to move back and forth along the screw, thereby driving the shift fork to swing, and finally realizing the reciprocating movement of the inner spline sleeve 93, so that the inner spline sleeve 93 and the second outer spline shaft 92 are engaged or disengaged. After the inner spline sleeve 93 and the second outer spline shaft 92 are engaged, the first outer spline shaft 91 and the second outer spline shaft 92 can transmit torque to each other. After the inner spline sleeve 93 and the second outer spline shaft 92 are disengaged, the first outer spline shaft 91 and the second outer spline shaft 92 are in a disconnected state and cannot transmit torque to each other. This embodiment can expand the arrangement angle, distance and range of the operating handle, so that it can better adapt to the operation needs of the equipment.

The above are only two specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial modifications made to the present invention using the design concept of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The shifting fork device is characterized by comprising a base and a shifting fork, wherein the shifting fork is rotationally connected to the base, the rotation axis of the shifting fork is perpendicular to the sliding direction of a meshing part to be shifted by the shifting fork, two sides of the rotation axis on the shifting fork are respectively provided with a fork head part and a fork tail part, the fork head part is used for being matched with the meshing part, the fork tail part is rotationally connected with a switching shaft, the rotation axis of the switching shaft is parallel to the rotation axis of the shifting fork, a screw rod is arranged on the switching shaft in a penetrating manner and in threaded manner, the axis of the screw rod is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the switching shaft, the screw rod is rotationally connected to a switching seat by taking the axis of the screw rod as the rotation axis, the switching seat is rotationally connected to the base, the rotation axis of the switching seat is parallel to the rotation axis of the shifting fork relative to the rotation axis of the base, and the axis of the screw rod is crossed with the rotation axis of the switching seat.

2. A fork assembly according to claim 1, wherein the rotational connection is achieved by means of rolling bearings.

3. A fork assembly according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the screw intersects the axis of rotation of the adaptor shaft.

4. The shifting fork device according to claim 1, wherein the base is provided with a limiting plate for limiting the swing amplitude of the shifting fork.

5. The shifting fork device according to claim 4, wherein the limiting plate is penetrated and connected with an adjusting rod in a threaded fit manner, the axis of the adjusting rod is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the shifting fork, one end of the adjusting rod is used for limiting the swing amplitude of the shifting fork, or a sensor or a travel switch for detecting the shifting fork is connected to the limiting plate.

6. The clutch mechanism is characterized by comprising the shifting fork device of claim 1, further comprising a first external spline shaft and a second external spline shaft which are coaxially arranged at intervals, wherein the meshing part to be shifted by the shifting fork is an internal spline sleeve, the internal spline sleeve is connected to the first external spline shaft through spline sliding fit, the fork head of the shifting fork is clamped with the internal spline sleeve, and one end of a screw rod in the shifting fork device is connected with a universal joint for driving and connecting an operating handle.