CN118617536A - Micro-carbonization treatment method of bamboo and its products and applications - Google Patents

Micro-carbonization treatment method of bamboo and its products and applications Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118617536A
CN118617536A CN202310223951.4A CN202310223951A CN118617536A CN 118617536 A CN118617536 A CN 118617536A CN 202310223951 A CN202310223951 A CN 202310223951A CN 118617536 A CN118617536 A CN 118617536A
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Prior art keywords
bamboo
micro
treatment method
shaping
carbonization treatment
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CN202310223951.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙丰波
陈水渺
费本华
孙宝林
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International Bamboo And Rattan Center
Golden Harvest Energy Beijing Technology Co ltd
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International Bamboo And Rattan Center
Golden Harvest Energy Beijing Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310223951.4A priority Critical patent/CN118617536A/en
Publication of CN118617536A publication Critical patent/CN118617536A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/06—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by burning or charring, e.g. cutting with hot wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/001—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B27K9/002—Cane, bamboo
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/08—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by multi-step processes

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-carbonization treatment method of bamboo wood, a product and application thereof, comprising the following steps: (1) Pretreating bamboo to reduce the moisture content of the bamboo by 15% -20%; (2) heating the bamboo material by adopting saturated water vapor; (3) Placing the bamboo material subjected to the heating treatment into a shaping device, and heating and shaping by adopting saturated water vapor; (4) And (5) continuously placing the bamboo after the heating shaping treatment in a shaping device, and gradually cooling to room temperature to obtain the micro-carbonized bamboo. Compared with the carbonized bamboo material obtained by the micro carbonization treatment method before treatment, the density is increased, the dimensional stability is good, the mechanical properties such as MOR and MOE are obviously improved, stable data can be maintained, the strength and curvature are basically not reduced along with the use time, the corrosion and mildew resistance are obviously improved, the insect growth is prevented, the cracking rate is reduced, the weather resistance is good, the service life is obviously prolonged, and the carbonized bamboo material has better application value as a material for building or furniture.

Description

Micro-carbonization treatment method for bamboo wood, product and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing method of bamboo, in particular to a micro-carbonization method of bamboo and a product thereof, belonging to the field of micro-carbonization of bamboo.
Background
Bamboo has the advantages of high growth speed, short period, high strength, good toughness and the like, and is widely used as a manufacturing material in buildings and furniture. However, when the raw bamboo is used, the raw bamboo is easy to crack, water, insects and the like invade after the raw bamboo cracks to generate the phenomena of worm damage, decay and the like, the service life of the raw bamboo is seriously influenced, and the application value and the application range of the raw bamboo serving as a structural material are greatly limited. Therefore, the application of raw bamboo as a material for buildings and furniture needs to solve the technical problems of easy cracking, poor corrosion resistance and moth resistance, poor dimensional stability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a micro-carbonization treatment method of bamboo and a micro-carbonized bamboo product obtained by the micro-carbonization treatment method.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a micro-carbonization treatment method of bamboo comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating bamboo to reduce the moisture content of the bamboo by 15% -20%;
(2) Heating the bamboo material by adopting high-temperature saturated water vapor;
(3) Placing the bamboo material subjected to the heating treatment into a shaping device, and heating and shaping the bamboo material by adopting high-temperature saturated water vapor;
(4) And (5) continuously placing the bamboo after the heating shaping treatment in a shaping device, and gradually cooling to room temperature to obtain the micro-carbonized bamboo.
The bamboo material is mainly various bamboo materials which are not processed after being cut, such as phyllostachys pubescens, phyllostachys praecox, phyllostachys pubescens, phoenix tail fern and the like, and can be used as materials of buildings or furniture after being processed.
As a preferred specific implementation scheme of the invention, the pretreatment mode of hot air treatment is adopted in the step (1) to reduce the moisture content of bamboo by 15% -20%; further preferably, the hot air treatment is performed by using hot air at 65-75 ℃ for 10-60min, and most preferably, the hot air treatment is performed by using hot air at 70 ℃ for 30min.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the high temperature saturated steam in step (2) is 135-145 ℃, most preferably 140 ℃; the heating treatment time is 1 to 3 hours, most preferably 2 hours.
The bamboo is subjected to heat treatment by adopting high-temperature saturated water vapor, chemical bonding water begins to be lost in the process, water-soluble extracts are deposited on the surface of the bamboo along with the movement of water, the color of the bamboo is changed from pale yellow to light brown, meanwhile, thin-wall cells shrink, the cell volume is reduced, the crystallinity of cellulose is increased, the crosslinking degree of lignin is increased, the weight of the bamboo is reduced by 1.0-1.2%, the density is increased by 5-7%, and the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the dimensional stability are all increased.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the setting device described in the step (3) or the step (4) can be suitably used in the present invention as long as the device for fixing the bamboo material in a desired shape (such as bending) can be suitably used in the present invention, such as a setting device conventionally used for bamboo materials, such as a bending machine.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the high temperature saturated steam in step (3) is 135-145 ℃, most preferably 140 ℃; the time of the heat setting treatment is 1 to 3 hours, and most preferably 2 hours.
In the shaping device, high-temperature saturated water vapor is adopted to heat and shape wood, in the process, as the water is evaporated to reach equilibrium with the saturated water vapor, the content of hemicellulose is reduced, the content of alpha-cellulose is increased, the color of bamboo is slightly deepened, the crosslinking degree of lignin is higher, the quality of the bamboo is reduced by 1.4-1.5%, the density is increased by 9-10%, and the mechanical property is obviously increased.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gradual cooling to room temperature in the step (4) is carried out at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min, the obtained bamboo is light brown, and the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) are respectively improved by 18-20% and 17-25% compared with those before micro carbonization treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the density of the carbonized bamboo material obtained by the micro carbonization treatment method is increased, the mechanical properties such as MOR and MOE are obviously improved, stable data can be maintained, the MOR and MOE are not basically reduced along with the service time (if the carbonized bamboo material is round bamboo, the MOR and MOE are reduced by 5-10% in one year), the strength and the curvature are obviously improved, the dimensional stability is good, the anti-corrosion and mildew-proof properties and the insect-preventing properties are excellent, the cracking rate is reduced, the weather resistance is good, the service life is obviously prolonged, and the carbonized bamboo material has better application value as the material for buildings or furniture.
For example, the bamboo wood prepared by the micro-carbonization treatment method is made into the guardrail for poultry containment, and after the guardrail is used for 12 months, the crack, the elasticity, the mechanical strength and the like of the guardrail are detected, so that the performance of the guardrail is verified to be not obviously reduced. The bamboo prepared by the micro-carbonization treatment method can be used as building materials, including building materials for venues, pavilions, bamboo arch bridges and the like, and the service life can reach 50 years; in contrast, if the bamboo is not subjected to the micro-carbonization treatment according to the present invention, the service life of the bamboo as a building material in the open air is only 3 to 5 years.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the description. These examples are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions can be made in the details and form of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, but these modifications and substitutions are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 micro-carbonization treatment of round bamboo
The round bamboo is obtained from the town of the Taiping lake of Huang Shanshi of Anhui province, and the water content is 50%.
(1) Hot air blowing pretreatment: by roller feeding (by power roller conveying, roller diameter100Kg of round bamboo with the length of 1.5m-4.0m is fed by the method of Shanghai charm conveying mechanical equipment limited company, and simultaneously, 70 ℃ hot air is blown for 30min from top to bottom to ensure that the moisture content of the bamboo is reduced by 20 percent before the bamboo enters a feeding area, so that the subsequent heat treatment is facilitated;
(2) And (3) thermoforming treatment:
① Carrying out heat treatment on bamboo by adopting saturated water vapor: the bamboo is heated for 2 hours by saturated steam at 140 ℃, chemical bonding water begins to be lost in the process, water-soluble extracts are deposited on the surface of the bamboo along with the movement of water, the color of the bamboo is changed from pale yellow to light brown, meanwhile, thin-wall cells shrink, the cell volume is reduced, the crystallinity of cellulose is increased, the crosslinking degree of lignin is increased, the weight of the bamboo is reduced, the density is increased, and the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the dimensional stability are increased.
Table 1 index related to bamboo material before and after heating treatment with 140℃saturated steam
② Placing the bamboo after heat treatment into a device for shaping round bamboo, and performing heat shaping treatment on the bamboo by adopting saturated water vapor:
And (3) placing the round bamboo subjected to heat treatment in a device capable of shaping the round bamboo (for example, keeping the round bamboo in a bent shape), continuously heating the bamboo with saturated water vapor at 140+/-5 ℃ for 2 hours, and shaping and heating the bamboo. In the process, as the water is evaporated to reach equilibrium with water saturated steam, the content of hemicellulose is reduced, the content of alpha-cellulose is increased, the color of bamboo is slightly deepened, the crosslinking degree of lignin is higher, the weight of the bamboo is further reduced, the density is increased, and the mechanical property is further increased.
TABLE 2 bamboo related index before and after heat-setting bamboo in a device for setting round bamboo by continuously using saturated steam at 140+ -5deg.C
③ Gradually cooling the bamboo material subjected to shaping treatment in the device for shaping the round bamboo to room temperature to obtain micro-carbonized bamboo material:
The bamboo is continuously fixed in a device for shaping the round bamboo, the temperature is reduced to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the obtained bamboo is light brown, and the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) are respectively and obviously improved before micro carbonization treatment.
TABLE 3 Properties of micro-carbonized bamboo obtained after Cooling stage
EXAMPLE 2 micro-carbonization treatment of round bamboo
The round bamboo is obtained from the town of the Taiping lake of Huang Shanshi of Anhui province, and the water content is 40%.
(1) Hot air blowing pretreatment: by roller feeding (by power roller conveying, roller diameter100Kg of round bamboo with the length of 1.5m-4.0m is fed by the method of Shanghai charm conveying mechanical equipment limited company, and meanwhile, the bamboo is subjected to hot air blowing at the temperature of 75 ℃ for 25min from top to bottom, so that the moisture content of the bamboo is reduced by 20% before entering a feeding area, and the subsequent heat treatment is facilitated;
(2) And (3) thermoforming treatment:
① Carrying out heat treatment on bamboo by adopting saturated water vapor: the bamboo is heated for 2.5 hours by saturated steam at 135 ℃, chemical combination water begins to be lost in the process, water-soluble extract is deposited on the surface of the bamboo along with the movement of water, the color of the bamboo is changed from pale yellow to light brown, meanwhile, thin-wall cells shrink, the cell volume is reduced, the crystallinity of cellulose is increased, the crosslinking degree of lignin is increased, the weight of the bamboo is reduced, the density is increased, and the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the dimensional stability are all increased.
Table 4 index related to bamboo material before and after heating treatment with 135℃saturated steam
② Placing the bamboo after heat treatment into a device for shaping the round bamboo (for example, keeping the round bamboo in a curved shape), and performing heat shaping treatment on the bamboo by adopting saturated water vapor:
And (3) placing the round bamboo subjected to heat treatment into a device for shaping the round bamboo, continuously heating the bamboo for 2.5 hours by using saturated steam at 135 ℃, and shaping and heating the bamboo. In the process, as the water is evaporated to reach equilibrium with saturated water vapor, the content of hemicellulose is reduced, the content of alpha-cellulose is increased, the color of bamboo is slightly deepened, the crosslinking degree of lignin is higher, the weight of the bamboo is reduced, the density is increased, and the mechanical property is obviously increased.
TABLE 5 bamboo related indicators before and after heat treatment of bamboo in a shaping device with saturated steam at 135 ℃
③ Gradually cooling the bamboo material subjected to shaping treatment in the device for shaping the round bamboo to room temperature to obtain micro-carbonized bamboo material:
The bamboo is continuously fixed in a device capable of shaping the round bamboo, the temperature is reduced to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the obtained bamboo is light brown, and the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) are obviously improved compared with those before micro carbonization treatment.
TABLE 6 Properties of micro-carbonized bamboo obtained after Cooling stage
EXAMPLE 3 micro-carbonization treatment of round bamboo
The round bamboo is obtained from the town of the Taiping lake of Huang Shanshi of Anhui province, and the water content is 40%.
(1) Hot air blowing pretreatment: by roller feeding (by power roller conveying, roller diameter100Kg of round bamboo with the length of 1.5m-4.0m is fed by the method of Shanghai charm conveying mechanical equipment limited company, and meanwhile, the bamboo is subjected to hot air blowing at 65 ℃ for 45min from top to bottom, so that the moisture content of the bamboo is reduced by 15% before entering a feeding area, and the subsequent heat treatment is facilitated;
(2) And (3) thermoforming treatment:
① Carrying out heat treatment on bamboo by adopting saturated water vapor: the bamboo is heated for 1.5h by saturated steam at 145 ℃, chemical combination water begins to be lost in the process, water-soluble extract is deposited on the surface of the bamboo along with the movement of water, the color of the bamboo is changed from pale yellow to light brown, meanwhile, thin-wall cells shrink, the cell volume is reduced, the crystallinity of cellulose is increased, the crosslinking degree of lignin is increased, the weight of the bamboo is reduced, the density is increased, and the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the dimensional stability are all increased.
TABLE 7 bamboo related index before and after heating treatment of bamboo with 145 ℃ saturated steam
② Placing the bamboo after heat treatment in a device capable of shaping the round bamboo (such as keeping the round bamboo in a curved shape), and performing heat shaping treatment on the bamboo by adopting saturated water vapor:
And placing the round bamboo subjected to heat treatment into a device capable of shaping the round bamboo, continuously heating the bamboo by using saturated water vapor at 145 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and shaping and heating the bamboo. In the process, as the water is evaporated to reach equilibrium with saturated water vapor, the content of hemicellulose is reduced, the content of alpha-cellulose is increased, the color of bamboo is slightly deepened, the crosslinking degree of lignin is higher, the weight of the bamboo is reduced, the density is increased, and the mechanical property is obviously increased.
TABLE 8 bamboo related indicators before and after heat treatment of bamboo in a setting device with saturated steam at 145 ℃
③ Gradually cooling the bamboo material subjected to shaping treatment in the device for shaping the round bamboo to room temperature to obtain micro-carbonized bamboo material:
The bamboo is continuously fixed in a device capable of shaping the round bamboo, the temperature is reduced to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, the obtained bamboo is light brown, and the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) are obviously improved compared with those before micro carbonization treatment.
TABLE 9 Properties of micro-carbonized bamboo obtained after Cooling stage

Claims (10)

1.一种竹材的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，包括：1. A method for micro-carbonization of bamboo, comprising: (1)将竹材进行预处理使竹材的水分含量降低15％～20％；(1) pre-treating the bamboo to reduce the moisture content of the bamboo by 15% to 20%; (2)采用高温饱和水蒸汽对竹材进行加热处理；(2) using high-temperature saturated steam to heat the bamboo; (3)将加热处理后的竹材置于定型装置中采用高温饱和水蒸汽对竹材进行加热定型处理；(3) placing the heat-treated bamboo material in a shaping device and using high-temperature saturated water vapor to heat and shape the bamboo material; (4)将加热定型处理后的竹材继续置于定型装置中逐步降至室温，即得微碳化竹材。(4) The bamboo material after the heat setting treatment is continuously placed in the setting device and gradually cooled to room temperature, thereby obtaining slightly carbonized bamboo material. 2.根据权利要求1所述的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，所述的竹材主要是砍伐后未进行加工处理的各种竹子材料。2. The micro-carbonization treatment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the bamboo materials are mainly various bamboo materials that have not been processed after being cut down. 3.根据权利要求1所述的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中采用热风处理的预处理方式将将竹材的水分含量降低15％～20％。3. The micro-carbonization treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moisture content of the bamboo material is reduced by 15% to 20% by a pretreatment method of hot air treatment in step (1). 4.根据权利要求3所述的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，所述的热风处理是采用65-75℃热风鼓吹10-60min，优选的，所述的热风处理是采用70℃热风鼓吹30min。4. The micro-carbonization treatment method according to claim 3 is characterized in that the hot air treatment is carried out by blowing hot air at 65-75°C for 10-60 minutes, preferably, the hot air treatment is carried out by blowing hot air at 70°C for 30 minutes. 5.根据权利要求1所述的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述的高温饱和水蒸汽的温度为135-145℃，优选为140℃；所述的加热处理时间为1-3小时，优选为2小时。5. The micro-carbonization treatment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature of the high-temperature saturated water vapor in step (2) is 135-145°C, preferably 140°C; and the heating treatment time is 1-3 hours, preferably 2 hours. 6.根据权利要求1所述的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)或步骤(4)中所述的定型装置是能够使竹材按照要求的形状进行固定的装置。6. The micro-carbonization treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaping device described in step (3) or step (4) is a device that can fix the bamboo material in a required shape. 7.根据权利要求1所述的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述的高温饱和水蒸汽的温度为135-145℃，优选为140℃；所述的加热定型处理的时间为1-3小时，优选为2小时。7. The micro-carbonization treatment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the temperature of the high-temperature saturated water vapor in step (3) is 135-145°C, preferably 140°C; the time of the heating and shaping treatment is 1-3 hours, preferably 2 hours. 8.根据权利要求1所述的微碳化处理方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中所述的逐步降至室温是以10℃/min的降温速度降至室温。8. The micro-carbonization treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (4) of gradually cooling down to room temperature is performed at a cooling rate of 10°C/min. 9.由权利要求1-8任何一项所述的微碳化处理方法得到的微碳化竹材产品。9. A micro-carbonized bamboo product obtained by the micro-carbonization treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10.权利要求9所述的微碳化竹材产品作为建筑或者家具制造用材料中的用途。10. Use of the micro-carbonized bamboo product according to claim 9 as a material for construction or furniture manufacturing.
CN202310223951.4A 2023-03-09 2023-03-09 Micro-carbonization treatment method of bamboo and its products and applications Pending CN118617536A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03231802A (en) * 1989-12-25 1991-10-15 Mitsuhiko Tanahashi Modifying method for timber
US5624616A (en) * 1995-04-20 1997-04-29 Brooks; S. Hunter W. Method for co-refining dry urban wood chips and blends of dry urban wood chips and thermoplastic resins for the production of high quality fiberboard products
CN105856367A (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-08-17 南京林业大学 Flattening method for bamboo tubs in high-temperature tank
CN106272841A (en) * 2016-10-18 2017-01-04 南京林业大学 A kind of manufacture method of special-shaped bamboo trunk
CN209599437U (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-11-08 南京林业大学 Moso bamboo flattening machine in a high-temperature tank
CN110497484A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-26 湖南桃花江竹材科技股份有限公司 A kind of high-strength weather-resistant bamboo composite material and manufacturing method thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03231802A (en) * 1989-12-25 1991-10-15 Mitsuhiko Tanahashi Modifying method for timber
US5624616A (en) * 1995-04-20 1997-04-29 Brooks; S. Hunter W. Method for co-refining dry urban wood chips and blends of dry urban wood chips and thermoplastic resins for the production of high quality fiberboard products
CN105856367A (en) * 2016-04-01 2016-08-17 南京林业大学 Flattening method for bamboo tubs in high-temperature tank
CN106272841A (en) * 2016-10-18 2017-01-04 南京林业大学 A kind of manufacture method of special-shaped bamboo trunk
CN209599437U (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-11-08 南京林业大学 Moso bamboo flattening machine in a high-temperature tank
CN110497484A (en) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-26 湖南桃花江竹材科技股份有限公司 A kind of high-strength weather-resistant bamboo composite material and manufacturing method thereof

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