CN119347314A - External spline bushing with positioning platform and processing method - Google Patents
External spline bushing with positioning platform and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN119347314A CN119347314A CN202411627168.5A CN202411627168A CN119347314A CN 119347314 A CN119347314 A CN 119347314A CN 202411627168 A CN202411627168 A CN 202411627168A CN 119347314 A CN119347314 A CN 119347314A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
- B23F5/02—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by grinding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to an external spline bushing with a positioning table and a machining method, wherein the external spline bushing with the positioning table is designed into a spline shaft and a bushing base in a split mode, the spline shaft and the bushing base are respectively machined to a preset size, grooves are formed in the spline shaft and the bushing base respectively, and an anti-rotation pin is adhered in the grooves of a shaft at the lower end of the spline shaft; and in the thermal state of the bushing base, pressing the spline shaft bonded with the anti-rotation pin into an inner hole of the bushing base along the axial direction, cooling the assembled spline shaft and the bushing base, and bonding at the joint by using glue to obtain the external spline bushing with the positioning table. The integrated application of split design and hot pressing process can precisely process the external spline by trimming the grinding wheel and using the gear grinding process, and the tooth shape is detected by using a conventional metering method without manufacturing a special gauge. Solves the technical problems of high manufacturing cost, overlong period and profile interference of tooth grinding process in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to an external spline bushing with a positioning table and a machining method.
Background
The spline bushing (figure 1) is made of 30CrMnSiA material with the hardness of HRC 35-40 and is used for connecting the spline molded surface of a target product and related parts of a clamp, and a certain torsion force is born during working. The whole bushing is of a thin-wall structure, the upper end of the bushing is a non-through triangle tooth-shaped external spline, the lower end of the bushing is provided with a cylindrical stop boss with the diameter larger than the spline profile, the inner hole at the upper end of the bushing is a round hole, the inner hole at the lower end of the bushing is a square hole, the spline has coaxial precision requirements relative to the outer circle and the square hole at the lower end, and the processing difficulty and the key point of the part are the spline profile.
For the spline tooth surface bushing with medium and low hardness, the common technical scheme is that the spline tooth surface bushing is manufactured integrally, wherein the spline tooth surface is processed by adopting a gear shaping process, but when the gear shaping process is used, special tools such as a special gear shaping tool and a spline ring gauge and a calibration gauge for inspection are required to be matched, the defects of overhigh manufacturing cost, long development period of the matched tools and the like exist, particularly when single-piece and small-batch production is performed, the manufacturing cost and the period of the tool are far greater than those of a product, part of precision spline molded surfaces are processed by adopting a gear grinding process, and when the gear grinding process is used, the part is required to meet that the minimum diameter size of the spline molded surfaces is greater than the maximum excircle size of other molded surfaces, or a blank with enough size is reserved at the joint of the spline molded surfaces and the other molded surfaces, so that the interference problem during spline grinding is avoided.
The document of publication No. CN 107641684A discloses a spline bushing processing method comprising gear shaping, the third step of which 'finish-processing an annealed workpiece and inserting a spline' describes a spline tooth surface processing method, the document of publication No. CN 103447774A discloses a spline extrusion processing method (see the third step), and the document of publication No. CN107984169A discloses a spline processing method by using a die. The problems of processing quality and efficiency of the spline bushing parts facing each other are solved to different degrees by the technology, but the problems of period and cost of developing special tools or grinding interference are not solved, and the reference effect on application is limited. In order to solve the problems of high manufacturing cost, long period and profile interference of the gear grinding process existing in the gear shaping process of the parts, a new process method is required to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method of an external spline bushing with a positioning table, which aims to solve the technical problems of overhigh manufacturing cost, overlong period and profile interference of a gear grinding process existing in the gear shaping process for processing the external spline bushing with the positioning table in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the first invention relates to a processing method of an external spline bushing with a positioning table, which comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively machining corresponding to-be-machined parts of a spline shaft and a bushing base to preset sizes, and respectively forming grooves in inner holes of the lower end shaft of the spline shaft and the inner holes of the bushing base;
s2, adhering an anti-rotation pin in a groove of the lower end shaft of the spline shaft, and heating the lower end surface of the bushing base;
S3, pressing the spline shaft bonded with the anti-rotation pin into an inner hole of the bushing base along the axial direction in the thermal state of the bushing base, wherein the anti-rotation pin on the spline shaft is matched with a groove of the bushing base;
and S4, after the assembled spline shaft and the bushing base are cooled, bonding the joint by using glue to obtain the external spline bushing with the positioning table.
Preferably, the spline shaft comprises a spline molded surface, a blank section and an assembly shaft, wherein the spline molded surface, the blank section and the assembly shaft are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the assembly shaft is connected with the bushing base.
Preferably, the bushing base is provided with a step outer circle and three sections of inner holes, wherein the first inner hole is matched with the spline shaft, the second inner hole is a hollow cutter, the square hole is a square hole, and the first inner hole, the second inner hole and the square hole are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Preferably, cylindricity and coaxiality of the first inner hole and the second inner hole of the bushing base and the outer circle of the step are not more than 0.01mm.
Preferably, the spline shaft comprises a spline profile, a blank section and an assembly shaft, and the step S1 specifically comprises:
S101, turning a spline shaft and a bushing base to a preset outer diameter, machining center holes on two end faces of the spline shaft, machining wire through holes at square holes of the bushing base, and then quenching and aging heat treatment;
s102, grinding a first inner hole, a second inner hole and an outer circle of a bushing base to specified sizes, and then performing linear cutting processing on square holes of the bushing base by taking the ground outer circle as a reference, wherein the coaxiality is not more than 0.01mm;
s103, grinding the spline profile of the spline shaft to a specified size, grinding the assembly shaft of the spline shaft to be in interference fit with the first inner hole of the bushing base, and then grinding the end face of the outer circle and back chipping;
and S104, processing grooves on the outer wall of the assembly shaft of the spline shaft and the inner wall of the first inner hole of the bushing base respectively.
Preferably, the spline shaft and the bushing base are in interference fit, and the interference is not more than 0.005mm.
Preferably, in the step S2, the heating temperature is 500-550 ℃ and the heating time period is 4-5 min.
Preferably, the depth of the groove in the S1 is 0.1-0.2 mm.
Preferably, the size of the anti-rotation pin in S2 is adapted to the recess, so that the recess can completely accommodate the maximum entity of the anti-rotation pin.
The second invention relates to an external spline bushing with a positioning table, which is manufactured by adopting any one of the processing methods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The improved structure and the comprehensive application of the hot pressing process are benefited, the triangular external spline can be precisely machined by a gear grinding process through a trimming grinding wheel, so that high machining precision is obtained, the tooth shape can be detected by a general optical metering method, and a special gauge is not required to be manufactured. The grinding wheel can be used continuously after being dressed, and the overall manufacturing cost of the method is far lower than the development cost of the gear shaper cutter required by gear shaping.
2) The manufacturing period is greatly shortened due to the reduction of development links of special tools.
3) The hot assembly process is commonly used for the installation of a numerical control machine tool handle or the manufacture of die products, and the technical scheme of combining the hot assembly process with cold processes such as gear grinding processing and the like for a precise clamp is rarely reported. According to the technical scheme, the anti-rotation pin is adopted, and the hot pressing process and the gluing process are combined, so that the spline bushing is firmly connected, the use is reliable, and the torque required by design can be transmitted.
4) The bushing base is heated at 500-550 ℃, when the heating temperature is lower than 500 ℃, the bushing is small in size expansion, the pin matching pressure is large, the fracturing rejection rate reaches 30%, when the bushing heating temperature is higher than 550 ℃, the tempering temperature of the 30CrMnSiA material is exceeded, and the crack rate of the bushing after matching pressure reaches 20%. The temperature adopted by the application is sufficient to ensure the application of the hot assembly process in the thin-wall part. The bushing is firmly combined and has torsion resistance meeting the use requirement on the basis that the bushing does not generate the problem of thin wall fracture which is easy to generate in cold assembly by utilizing the hot assembly technology combined with the anti-rotation pin.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art externally splined bushing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spline shaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bushing base structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a groove structure of the present invention, wherein (a) is an assembly axis cross-section view, (b) is a sectional view of a bushing base A-A;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the externally splined bushing with locating table of the present invention.
The novel high-precision positioning table external spline bushing comprises a 1-spline shaft, a 101-spline molded surface, a 102-blank section, a 103-assembly shaft, a 2-bushing base, a 201-step excircle, a 202-first inner hole, a 203-second inner hole, a 204-square hole, an A-glue bonding part and a 3-external spline bushing with a positioning table.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the term "horizontal" if present does not mean that the component is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or communicating between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
In order to solve the problems of manufacturing cost, period, interference and the like generated by the prior art scheme, the application provides a processing technology taking hot assembly as a core technology, firstly, the bushing is split into a split structure which does not generate interference according to the structural characteristics of parts, secondly, the hot assembly technology is combined with an anti-rotation pin, so that the bushing is firmly combined on the basis of not generating the problem of thin wall breakage which is easy to generate in cold assembly, and the bushing has the anti-torsion capability meeting the use requirement, and further, the application has the requirements on the hot assembly process parameters of the bushing which are suitable for 30CrMnSiA materials, and the specific contents are as follows:
Referring to fig. 5, the application discloses a processing method of an external spline bushing with a positioning table, which comprises the following steps:
S1, respectively machining corresponding to-be-machined parts of a spline shaft 1 and a bushing base 2 to preset sizes, and respectively forming grooves in inner holes of the lower end shaft of the spline shaft 1 and the inner holes of the bushing base 2;
S2, adhering an anti-rotation pin in a groove of the lower end shaft of the spline shaft 1, and heating the lower end surface of the bushing base 2;
s3, pressing the spline shaft 1 bonded with the anti-rotation pin into an inner hole of the bushing base 2 along the axial direction under the thermal state of the bushing base 2, wherein the anti-rotation pin on the spline shaft 1 is matched with a groove of the bushing base 2;
And S4, after the assembled spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 are cooled, bonding the joint by using glue to obtain the external spline bushing with the positioning table.
The split design of the external spline bushing with the positioning table into the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 is creatively realized, the split structure is adopted to avoid gear grinding interference, the gear grinding process is adopted to avoid developing special tools, measuring tools and the like, the technical problem of overhigh manufacturing cost is solved, and the hot assembly (hot pressing) process is adopted to avoid the damage of cold assembly to the thin wall part of the bushing, which is mainly reflected in cracks visible to naked eyes or microcracks invisible to naked eyes. The application benefits from the comprehensive application of the improved structure and the hot pressing process, can precisely process the triangular external spline by trimming the grinding wheel by using the tooth grinding process, so that the high processing precision is obtained, and can detect the tooth form by using a common optical metering method without manufacturing a special gauge. The grinding wheel can be used continuously after being dressed, and the overall manufacturing cost of the method is far lower than the development cost of the gear shaper cutter required by gear shaping.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, the spline shaft 1 comprises a spline profile 101, a blank section 102 and a fitting shaft 103, wherein the spline profile 101, the blank section 102 and the fitting shaft 103 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the fitting shaft 103 is connected with the bushing base 2. In the split spline shaft 1, the spline molded surface 101 is precisely machined through a tooth grinding process, so that high machining precision is obtained, the positioning table is not influenced, the machined spline molded surface 101 can detect tooth shape by using a common optical metering method, and a special gauge is not required to be manufactured.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the bushing base 2 has a stepped outer circle 201 and a three-section inner hole, wherein the first inner hole 202 is matched with the spline shaft 1, the second inner hole 203 is a hollow tool, the square hole 204 is a square hole, and the first inner hole 202, the second inner hole 203 and the square hole 204 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The assembly shaft 103 is in interference fit with the first inner bore 202, and the interference is not greater than 0.005mm.
In some embodiments, the cylindricity and coaxiality of the first inner hole 202 and the second inner hole 203 of the bushing base 2 and the step outer circle 201 are not more than 0.01mm.
In some embodiments, the spline shaft 1 comprises a spline profile 101, a blank section 102 and a fitting shaft 103, and the step S1 specifically comprises:
S101, turning a spline shaft 1 and a bushing base 2 to a preset outer diameter, machining center holes on two end faces of the spline shaft 1, machining wire through holes at square holes 204 of the bushing base 2, and then quenching and aging heat treatment;
S102, grinding the first inner hole 202, the second inner hole 203 and the outer circle of the bushing base 2 to specified sizes, and then carrying out linear cutting processing on the square hole 204 of the bushing base 2 by taking the ground outer circle as a reference, wherein the coaxiality is not more than 0.01mm;
s103, grinding the spline profile 101 of the spline shaft 1 to a specified size, grinding the assembly shaft 103 of the spline shaft 1 to be in interference fit with the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2, and then grinding the end face of the outer circle and back chipping;
And S104, grooves are respectively machined on the outer wall of the assembly shaft 103 of the spline shaft 1 and the inner wall of the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2.
In some embodiments, in S2, the heating temperature is 500 to 550 ℃ and the heating time period is 4 to 5 minutes. The hot assembly process is commonly used for the installation of a numerical control machine tool handle or the manufacture of die products, and the technical scheme of combining the hot assembly process with cold processes such as gear grinding processing and the like for a precise clamp is rarely reported. According to the technical scheme, the anti-rotation pin is adopted, the hot pressing process and the gluing process are combined, so that the spline bushing is firm in connection, reliable in use and capable of transmitting torque required by design, the bushing base is heated at 500-550 ℃, the bushing is small in size expansion when the heating temperature is lower than 500 ℃, the pin allocation pressure is large, the fracturing rejection rate reaches 30%, when the bushing heating temperature is higher than 550 ℃, the tempering temperature of 30CrMnSiA materials is exceeded, and the bushing crack rate reaches 20% after allocation. The temperature adopted by the application is sufficient to ensure the application of the hot assembly process in the thin-wall part.
In some embodiments, the depth of the groove in S1 is 0.1-0.2 mm.
In some embodiments, the size of the anti-rotation pin in S2 is adapted to the recess, so that the recess can completely accommodate the maximum entity of the anti-rotation pin. The bushing is firmly combined and has torsion resistance meeting the use requirement on the basis that the bushing does not generate the problem of thin wall fracture which is easy to generate in cold assembly by utilizing the hot assembly technology combined with the anti-rotation pin.
[ Example 1]
1) The parts are redesigned to the split configuration shown in fig. 2. The upper end of the spline shaft 1 is provided with a general drawing spline molded surface 101, the middle is provided with a blank section 102, the lower end is provided with an assembly shaft 103, the bushing base 2 is provided with a step excircle 201 and three sections of inner holes, wherein a first inner hole 202 is matched with the spline shaft 1, a second inner hole 203 is provided with a blank, and the lower end is provided with a square hole 204.
2) Turning to-be-machined parts of the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 to specified sizes, machining center holes on two end faces of the spline shaft 1, and machining wire through holes at square holes 204 of the bushing base 2. Then quenching and aging heat treatment are carried out.
3) Grinding the first inner hole 202 and the step outer circle 201 of the bushing base 2 to specified sizes, ensuring cylindricity and coaxiality to be not more than 0.01mm, and then carrying out linear cutting processing on the square hole 204 by taking the ground step outer circle 201 as a reference, thereby ensuring the sizes and coaxiality.
4) Grinding the spline profile 101 of the spline shaft 1 to a specified size, grinding the assembly shaft 103 at the lower end of the spline shaft 1 to be in interference fit with the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2, wherein the interference is not more than 0.005mm, and then grinding the end face of the outer circle and back chipping.
5) Grooves are machined on the assembly shaft 103 of the spline shaft 1 and at the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2, respectively, wherein the groove depth is 0.1mm, and the assembly shaft 103 is a Ra0.4 shaft, see FIG. 4.
6) The anti-rotation pin is firmly bonded with the R0.5 groove of the spline shaft 1 by using glue, residual glue is cleaned, and the anti-rotation pin is a cylindrical pin.
7) The lower end face of the bushing base 2 was heated using a heating platform at 500 ℃ for 5min.
8) In the thermal state of the bushing base 2, the spline shaft 1 adhered with the cylindrical pin is slowly pressed into the inner hole of the bushing base 2 along the axial direction, and the cylindrical pin protruding from the spline shaft 1 is aligned with the groove of the bushing base 2.
9) After the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 are cooled, glue is used for bonding at the joint of the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2, and the glue bonding position A is shown in fig. 5.
[ Example 2]
1) The parts are redesigned to the split configuration shown in fig. 5. The spline shaft 1 is provided with a general spline profile 101 at the upper end, a hollow cutter section 102 in the middle and an assembly shaft 103 at the lower end in fig. 2, and the bushing base 2 is provided with a step excircle 201 and three sections of inner holes in fig. 3, wherein a first inner hole 202 is matched with the spline shaft 1, a second inner hole 203 is a hollow cutter, and a square hole 204 is arranged at the lower end.
2) Turning to-be-machined parts of the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 to specified sizes, machining center holes on two end faces of the spline shaft 1, and machining wire through holes at square holes 204 of the bushing base 2. Then quenching and aging heat treatment are carried out.
3) Grinding the first inner hole 202 and the step outer circle 201 of the bushing base 2 to specified sizes, ensuring cylindricity and coaxiality to be not more than 0.01mm, and then carrying out linear cutting processing on the square hole 204 by taking the ground step outer circle 201 as a reference, thereby ensuring the sizes and coaxiality.
4) Grinding the spline profile 101 of the spline shaft 1 to a specified size, grinding the assembly shaft 103 at the lower end of the spline shaft 1 to be in interference fit with the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2, wherein the interference is not more than 0.005mm, and then grinding the end face of the outer circle and back chipping.
5) Grooves were machined on the fitting shaft 103 of the spline shaft 1 and at the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2, respectively, wherein the groove depth was 0.2mm, see fig. 4.
6) The anti-rotation pin is firmly bonded with the R0.5 groove of the spline shaft 1 by using glue, residual glue is cleaned, and the anti-rotation pin is a cylindrical pin.
7) The lower end face of the bushing base 2 was heated using a heating platform at 550 ℃ for 4min.
8) In the thermal state of the bushing base 2, the spline shaft 1 adhered with the cylindrical pin is slowly pressed into the inner hole of the bushing base 2 along the axial direction, and the cylindrical pin protruding from the spline shaft 1 is aligned with the groove of the bushing base 2.
9) After the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 are cooled, glue is used for bonding at the joint of the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2, and the glue bonding position A is shown in fig. 5.
[ Example 3]
1) The parts are redesigned to the split configuration shown in fig. 5. The spline shaft 1 is provided with a general spline profile 101 at the upper end, a hollow cutter section 102 in the middle and an assembly shaft 103 at the lower end in fig. 2, and the bushing base 2 is provided with a step excircle 201 and three sections of inner holes in fig. 3, wherein a first inner hole 202 is matched with the spline shaft 1, a second inner hole 203 is a hollow cutter, and a square hole 204 is arranged at the lower end.
2) Turning to-be-machined parts of the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 to specified sizes, machining center holes on two end faces of the spline shaft 1, and machining wire through holes at square holes 204 of the bushing base 2. Then quenching and aging heat treatment are carried out.
3) Grinding the first inner hole 202 and the step outer circle 201 of the bushing base 2 to specified sizes, ensuring cylindricity and coaxiality to be not more than 0.01mm, and then carrying out linear cutting processing on the square hole 204 by taking the ground step outer circle 201 as a reference, thereby ensuring the sizes and coaxiality.
4) Grinding the spline profile 101 of the spline shaft 1 to a specified size, grinding the assembly shaft 103 at the lower end of the spline shaft 1 to be in interference fit with the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2, wherein the interference is not more than 0.005mm, and then grinding the end face of the outer circle and back chipping.
5) Grooves were machined on the fitting shaft 103 of the spline shaft 1 and at the first inner hole 202 of the bushing base 2, respectively, wherein the groove depth was 0.2mm, see fig. 4.
6) The anti-rotation pin is firmly bonded with the R0.5 groove of the spline shaft 1 by using glue, residual glue is cleaned, and the anti-rotation pin is a cylindrical pin.
7) The lower end face of the bushing base 2 was heated using a heating platform at 520 ℃ for 5min.
8) In the thermal state of the bushing base 2, the spline shaft 1 adhered with the cylindrical pin is slowly pressed into the inner hole of the bushing base 2 along the axial direction, and the cylindrical pin protruding from the spline shaft 1 is aligned with the groove of the bushing base 2.
9) After the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 are cooled, glue is used for bonding at the joint of the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2, and the glue bonding position A is shown in fig. 5.
In particular, the non-injected chamfer is machined at C0.5.
The split structure is adopted to avoid gear grinding interference, and the difficulty is in structure segmentation. The application creatively divides the external spline bushing with the positioning table into the spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2, and the spline shaft 1 adopts a gear grinding process to avoid developing special tools, measuring tools and the like. The spline shaft 1 and the bushing base 2 are assembled by a hot assembly (hot pressing) process, so that damage (mainly manifested by cracks visible to the naked eye or microcracks invisible to the naked eye) to the thin-walled portion of the bushing by cold assembly is avoided. The difficulty is that the heating temperature and time are controlled, and the slow axial pressing is noted. The spline bushing is firmly connected by adopting the anti-rotation pin and combining the hot pressing process and the gluing process, the spline bushing is reliable to use, torque required by design can be transmitted, the bushing base heating temperature is 500-550 ℃, the bushing size expansion is smaller when the heating temperature is lower than 500 ℃, the shaft pin allocation pressure is larger, the fracturing rejection rate reaches 30%, when the bushing heating temperature is higher than 550 ℃, the tempering temperature of 30CrMnSiA material is exceeded, and the bushing crack rate reaches 20% after allocation. The temperature adopted by the application is sufficient to ensure the application of the hot assembly process in the thin-wall part.
The application also discloses the external spline bushing with the positioning table, which is prepared by adopting any one of the methods.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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