CN119563473A - A biochar-based potted plant device and potted plant planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation - Google Patents
A biochar-based potted plant device and potted plant planting method for heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation Download PDFInfo
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- CN119563473A CN119563473A CN202411581970.5A CN202411581970A CN119563473A CN 119563473 A CN119563473 A CN 119563473A CN 202411581970 A CN202411581970 A CN 202411581970A CN 119563473 A CN119563473 A CN 119563473A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the field of potting planting, and particularly discloses a charcoal-based heat-preservation fertilizer-retention water-retention potting device and a potting planting method, wherein the potting device comprises a pot body formed by encircling a plurality of pot body units, and a cavity for storing charcoal-based suspension fertilizer is arranged in the pot body units; each basin body unit is connected with a water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe is connected with a drainage pipe, the middle part of the drainage pipe is connected with biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles for slowly releasing bacterial fertilizer, and the bottom end of the drainage pipe is connected with a biochar cake for preserving fertilizer and water. The application aims at heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation, and plays a role in the synergistic technical effects of external heat preservation, middle fertilizer release and lower water storage of a pot plant by using the corresponding biochar material and matching with the pot plant device, thereby providing favorable water fertilizer supplement and growth environment for plant growth, improving the problems of low temperature, poor soil quality and low fertilizer utilization efficiency in the existing pot plant process, and having wide popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of potting planting, in particular to a charcoal-based potting device capable of preserving heat, fertilizer and water and a potting planting method.
Background
The potted plant is used as an ornament of daily home furnishing, has ornamental value and can improve indoor environment. Lower temperatures in winter and early spring may lead to potted plants defoliating, growth arrest or suffering from freezing injury. On the other hand, if the fertilization amount is unbalanced, the fertilization time is improper, so that the fertilizer utilization efficiency is low, the nutrient supply is insufficient, the growth of the potted plant is directly affected, in addition, the soil is easy to harden and dry when water is lacked in winter, the air permeability and the water content are reduced, and the growth of the potted plant is also affected.
In agricultural production, before winter comes, the potted plant keeps temperature by grass laying, bagging and covering, nutrient supply is ensured by spraying and root applying different types of fertilizers, soil is replaced regularly, humus and river sand are added to improve air permeability and drainage, and soil is kept moist by reasonably applying water, so that over-wetting or over-drying is avoided. However, the bagging can affect the air permeability of the potted plants, so that the leaf surfaces are wet, the labor cost is increased, the replacement of the soil is complicated, the root system is possibly damaged, overstock is easily caused in the fertilization process, the soil is acidified, the fertilizer is easily lost when entering the soil, and the water and soil environment is polluted while the cost is increased. Meanwhile, a certain amount of medium trace element fertilizer is required for potted plant growth, and a slow release/controlled release technology is needed to support the release of the fertilizer due to the small demand. In addition, if the conventional microbial fertilizer is applied to enhance the nutrient supply of soil, the soil is affected by climate, the limitation of fertilization is large, the soil is difficult to accurately reach the root system area of the potted plant, and the fertilizer efficiency is limited and unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize temperature maintenance, thin fertilizer on duty and slow water and fertilizer release and solve the problems of low temperature, poor soil quality and low fertilizer utilization efficiency in the pot planting process, the application provides a pot plant device and a pot planting method for preserving heat, fertilizer and water by using biochar.
The application provides a pot plant device for charcoal-based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation, which adopts the following technical scheme:
A potting device for charcoal-based thermal insulation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation, comprising:
The pot body is formed by encircling a plurality of pot body units, each pot body unit comprises a pot body side wall and a pot body bottom wall, the pot body side wall and the pot body bottom wall are hollow and communicated with each other, and the hollow is used for storing biochar-based suspension fertilizer;
the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are vertically arranged, the top ends of the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are communicated with the cavity of the bottom wall of the basin body, and the top ends of the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are higher than the surface of soil in the basin body and lower than the fertilizer inlet;
The drainage pipes are in one-to-one correspondence with the water and fertilizer conveying pipes, each drainage pipe comprises an upper section and a lower section which are detachably connected, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles for slowly releasing bacterial fertilizer are connected between the upper section and the lower section of each drainage pipe, the top end of the upper section of each drainage pipe is communicated with one side of the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the bottom end of the lower section of each drainage pipe is connected with a biochar cake for preserving fertilizer and water, and each drainage pipe is inserted into soil to enable the biochar cake to be located in middle-lower soil.
Further, the basin body unit is transparent, so that the biochar-based suspension fertilizer stored in the cavity can absorb light and store heat.
Further, the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe is provided with a filter screen.
Further, the top outer side wall of the drainage tube upper section is attached to the top outer side wall of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, and the top of the drainage tube upper section is lower than the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe.
Aiming at the problems of no heat preservation, poor soil property and quick fertilizer and water loss in the conventional potting planting process, the application provides a method for combining a biochar-based soil heat preservation, fertilizer and water preservation input product with potting structure improvement.
Specifically, the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is injected into the cavity of the pot body unit, so that an insulating layer is formed on the periphery of the soil, the characteristics of the biochar such as photo-thermal absorption property, high specific heat capacity of water and the like are utilized, the insulating layer absorbs and stores heat in the daytime, releases heat at low temperature at night, maintains the temperature of potting soil, achieves the aim of insulating in winter, and provides a good temperature environment for biochemical action and plant growth of beneficial bacteria in the soil. The biochar in the suspension state is favorable for the uniform temperature rise of the heat preservation layer. Meanwhile, the basin body unit is used as a container for temporarily storing the water and fertilizer, and compared with the container for directly releasing the water and fertilizer to enter potting soil, the water and fertilizer volatilization is reduced.
Utilize liquid manure conveyer pipe and basin body unit to constitute U type tubular construction, when liquid level is higher than liquid manure conveyer pipe top in the cavity of basin body unit, liquid manure liquid overflows, and biochar is held back in liquid manure conveyer pipe by the filter screen, and the liquid manure liquid that most overflowed gets into top layer soil, and the liquid manure liquid that a small part overflowed gets into the drainage tube, and direct soil is middle and lower floor, reduces liquid manure and volatilizes and run off.
In the drainage tube, the liquid fertilizer passes through biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles, wets the particle column, induces the bacterial fertilizer to dissolve out and release, achieves the aim of slow bacterial fertilizer release, effectively supplements the water fertilizer content of the middle-lower soil and accelerates the decomposition and supply of soil organic matters. The biochar and the liquid fertilizer contain essential nutrient elements required by the growth of the microbial inoculum, which is beneficial to enlarging the bacterial population scale, increasing the decomposition of soil organic matters and providing nutrients for plants. The microbial inoculum can be protected in the biochar carrier from the change of unstable pH and temperature and humidity environment of soil, and can delay the growth and propagation period and improve the efficacy of the microbial inoculum. The microbial inoculum releases heat when promoting the decomposition of organic matters, and further keeps the temperature.
At the bottom of the drainage tube, water and part of fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cake, and further fertilizer and water are preserved at the bottom of the soil. In addition, when the water is sufficient or rains, the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles and the biochar cakes are soaked slowly to hold water, so that the soil in the basin body is prevented from waterlogging. When the water content of the soil is reduced, the biochar slowly releases water, so that excessive drought is avoided, the bottom of the soil always maintains proper humidity, the plant root absorption and development are promoted, and the plant root is grown downwards and fixed.
The using method of the potting device can be flexibly adjusted according to the growth cycle of plants. For example, in the early stage of plant growth, fertilizer can be directly applied to the upper layer of soil in a potting device, and as plants continue to grow, the root system is thick and gradually thick, the root area topdressing difficulty is high, and fertilizer water can be directly applied to the lower layer of soil in a potting device by means of the potting device, so that the plant growth requirement is better met.
Further, 4-6 basin units are arranged, and the types of the biochar-based suspension fertilizers stored in the cavities of the basin units are the same or different.
Considering the diversity of fertilizer application in the plant growth process, different kinds of fertilizers can be added respectively by arranging a plurality of basin units, so that the problem that the fertilizers deteriorate or react to lose effectiveness due to long-time storage after the fertilizers are mixed is avoided (for example, ammonia volatilization can be caused by mixing of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, the effectiveness of nitrogen is reduced, explosion risk can be caused by mixing of ammonium nitrate and organic fertilizer, crystallization water can be separated out due to mixing of urea and superphosphate, the physical properties of the fertilizers are influenced, and the like).
Further, the biochar-based bacterial manure particles are provided with through holes for the drainage tubes to be inserted, the upper sections and the lower sections of the drainage tubes are respectively inserted into the two ends of the biochar-based bacterial manure particles, and a gap for water and fertilizer to flow out is reserved between the bottom end of the upper section and the top end of the lower section of the drainage tube.
Through the arrangement of the through holes in the biochar-based bacterial manure particles, the upper section and the lower section of the drainage tube are connected with the biochar-based bacterial manure particles conveniently, and gaps are arranged at the butt joint positions of the upper section and the lower section of the drainage tube, so that part of liquid manure in the drainage tube can permeate into the biochar-based bacterial manure particles from the gaps to realize bacterial manure slow release, and the other part of liquid manure continuously flows to the biochar cake along the drainage tube.
Further, the drainage tube is obliquely arranged, and the oblique direction of the drainage tube is outwards opened from the center of the basin body from top to bottom.
So that the water and fertilizer reaches the edge of the soil at the lower part of the pot body through the drainage tube, and the plant root system is guided to extend outwards while growing downwards.
The application also provides a pot planting method of the charcoal-based thermal-insulation fertilizer-retention water-retention pot plant, which adopts the pot plant device of the charcoal-based thermal-insulation fertilizer-retention water-retention, and the method comprises the following steps:
The preparation of materials comprises the preparation of biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the preparation of biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles and the preparation of biochar cakes, and the preparation of the materials comprises the following steps:
Mixing a biomass organic fertilizer with biochar to obtain a biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer, mixing a quick-acting fertilizer with biochar to obtain a biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer, mixing a medium trace element fertilizer with biochar to obtain a trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension, and mixing the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer or the biochar-based suspension quick-acting fertilizer with the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer;
preferably, in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the mass ratio of the biochar to the corresponding fertilizer is 1:19;
Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the biomass organic fertilizer of the biochar-based suspension or the quick-acting fertilizer of the biochar-based suspension to the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension is (7-9) to (1-3).
And mixing the biochar with the bacterial liquid, and then drying and granulating to obtain biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles.
Granulating the biochar to obtain biochar cakes.
Preferably, the addition amounts of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles and the biochar cakes in the basin body respectively account for 1% -2% of the total weight of soil in the basin body.
Mounting a potting device and planting plants:
The method comprises the steps of combining and fixing a plurality of basin units to form a basin body, connecting a water and fertilizer conveying pipe to the bottom wall of the basin body, filling soil at the middle lower part of the basin body, connecting biochar cakes with the lower section of a drainage pipe and placing the biochar cakes in the soil, continuously filling the soil in the basin body, sequentially connecting biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles with the upper section of the drainage pipe at the lower section of the drainage pipe, and transplanting plant seedlings.
And (3) cultivating plants:
Injecting biochar-based suspension fertilizer into the cavity of the pot body unit, wherein the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is irradiated by sunlight and stores heat, and releases the heat in a low-temperature environment at night to keep the pot body warm;
When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer injected into the cavity of the basin body unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the biochar-based suspension fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, one part of the water and fertilizer enters soil, the other part of the water and fertilizer enters the drainage pipe to reach biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles and biochar cakes, the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles release microbial inoculum under the action of water and fertilizer dissolution, and the water and fertilizer are adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cakes, so that water and fertilizer are kept under the soil.
Further, the potting device is further provided with a filter screen at the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, and when the biochar-based suspension fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the biochar is intercepted in the water and fertilizer conveying pipe by the filter screen.
Further, the biochar in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is obtained by pyrolysis of fir, the biochar in the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles is obtained by pyrolysis of rice hulls, and the biochar in the biochar cake is obtained by pyrolysis of natural wood.
For the biochar in the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the raw material is fir, the pyrolysis temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 0.5-2 h. The fir has higher lignin component, lignin is easier to be converted into a stable carbon structure in the pyrolysis process, which is favorable for forming high-density biochar and forming suspension state.
For biochar in the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer, the raw material is rice husk, the pyrolysis temperature is 350-400 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 1-3 h. The long-time low-temperature slow pyrolysis is beneficial to forming the biochar with a macroporous structure, and is beneficial to adsorbing and storing moisture, nutrients and adsorbing bacteria. The rice husk straw biomass material contains higher carbon and nitrogen elements, is suitable for preparing biomass charcoal, and has the organic carbon content of 38-76%. Meanwhile, because certain nutrients are concentrated and enriched in the pyrolysis process, the content of P, K, ca, mg and other elements in the biomass charcoal is higher than that of the raw materials for preparing the biomass charcoal, and the elements are suitable for being used as nutrient bacteria-supplying agents for propagation and growth.
And (3) pyrolyzing the biochar in the biochar cake for 1-2 hours at 625-675 ℃ by using natural wood as a raw material. The biochar caused by pyrolysis has large specific surface area, small pore diameter, strong structural stability and stronger adsorption and storage capacity for moisture, and can effectively control the rate of releasing the moisture. In addition, in general, wood is an excellent water storage and delivery medium, and natural wood has low density and high porosity and is easy to absorb moisture, so that the prepared biochar has the functions of water retention and moisture release.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the pot body can temporarily store fertilizer while providing heat for the pot body by taking water with large specific heat capacity and biochar with strong light absorption and heat storage capacity as heat preservation media;
2. the external water supplementing and microbial inoculum releasing linkage mechanism is realized by adopting the biological carbon-based microbial fertilizer particles, wherein the biological carbon provides a carrier for the microbial inoculum, and prolongs the storage time of the microbial inoculum;
3. Fixing water and fertilizer, namely adsorbing and fixing moisture at the bottom of potting soil through a drainage tube and a biochar cake to play a role in retaining water and guiding plant root systems to grow downwards for fixation;
4. The application has the advantages that by using the corresponding biochar material and matching with the structure of the potting device, the synergistic technical effects of external heat preservation, middle fertilizer release and lower water storage are achieved in potting, more favorable water fertilizer and environment are provided for plant growth, and the problems of lower temperature, poor soil property, difficult water and fertilizer addition and difficult fixation in the existing potting planting process are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a potting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of a pot unit of a potting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water and fertilizer delivery tube and drainage tube of a potting apparatus in an embodiment of the application.
The fertilizer distributor comprises a fertilizer inlet 1, a basin bottom wall 2, a water and fertilizer conveying pipe 3, a filter screen 4, a basin side wall 5, a drainage tube 6, a biochar-based bacterial fertilizer granule 7 and a biochar cake 8.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-3.
The embodiment of the application discloses a potting device for charcoal-based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation. Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the method of the charcoal-based heat-preserving, fertilizer-preserving and water-preserving potting device comprises a potting body, a plurality of water and fertilizer conveying pipes 3 and a plurality of drainage pipes 6.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the pot body is formed by encircling a plurality of pot body units, each pot body unit comprises a pot body side wall 5 with an arc surface and a fan-shaped pot body bottom wall 2, the pot body side wall 5 and the pot body bottom wall 2 are hollow and communicated with each other, the hollow is used for storing biochar-based suspension fertilizer, and a fertilizer inlet 1 communicated with the hollow is formed in the upper edge of the pot body side wall 5. In order to increase the stability of the basin body, the basin body units can be fixed by adopting a hoop, and can also be connected and fixed by adopting an adhesive mode.
In order to promote absorption and heat storage of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer, the basin body unit is made of transparent materials, for example, transparent plastics can be adopted.
In order to realize the respective addition of different kinds of fertilizers, 4-6 basin units are arranged, and in the embodiment, 6 basin units are arranged. When the potting device is used, different kinds of fertilizers are respectively added into the cavities of the different pot units, so that the problem that the fertilizers deteriorate or react to lose effectiveness due to long-time storage after the fertilizers are mixed is avoided.
In another possible implementation mode, the basin body is an integer, the side wall and the bottom wall of the basin body are hollow and communicated, a plurality of partition boards are arranged in the hollow, the partition boards are arranged along the radial direction of the basin body and divide the hollow in the basin body wall into a plurality of chambers, different kinds of fertilizers are added in different chambers, and the different fertilizers can be added respectively.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, each basin unit is connected with a water and fertilizer conveying pipe 3, the water and fertilizer conveying pipes 3 are vertically arranged, and the top ends of the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are open, and the bottom ends of the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are communicated with the cavity of the basin bottom wall 2. In order to facilitate the water and fertilizer to overflow from the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe 3, the controllable slow release of the water and fertilizer is realized, and the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe 3 is higher than the surface of soil in the basin body and lower than the fertilizer inlet 1. In order to avoid the overflow of the biochar along with the water and fertilizer, the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe 3 is provided with a filter screen 4 for intercepting the biochar.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, one side of each water and fertilizer conveying pipe 3 is connected with a drainage pipe 6, the drainage pipe 6 comprises an upper section and a lower section which are detachably connected, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles 7 for slowly releasing bacterial fertilizer are connected between the upper section and the lower section of the drainage pipe 6, the top end of the upper section of the drainage pipe 6 is communicated with one side of the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe 3, and the bottom end of the lower section of the drainage pipe 6 is connected with a biochar cake 8 for preserving fertilizer and water. The drainage tube 6 is inserted into the soil to enable the biochar cake 8 to be positioned in the middle-lower soil.
In this embodiment, the top lateral wall of drainage tube 6 upper segment laminating in the top lateral wall of liquid manure conveyer pipe 3, and the top of drainage tube 6 upper segment is less than the top of liquid manure conveyer pipe 3 for when liquid manure overflows from the top of liquid manure conveyer pipe 3, most liquid manure liquid that overflows gets into surface soil, and little liquid manure liquid gets into drainage tube 6. In order to prevent too little water and fertilizer from entering the drainage tube 6, the water and fertilizer conveying tube 3 and the drainage tube 6 can adopt square tubes, so that the water and fertilizer conveying tube 3 and the drainage tube 6 have enough contact area.
In other possible embodiments, a pipe may be connected between the top end of the upper section of the drainage pipe 6 and the top end of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3, so as to guide the water and fertilizer overflowed from the side of the water and fertilizer delivery pipe 3 into the drainage pipe 6.
In order to facilitate connection of the upper and lower sections of the drainage tube 6 with the charcoal based bacterial manure particles 7, referring to fig. 3, the charcoal based bacterial manure particles 7 are cylindrical and are provided with through holes along the axial direction for the drainage tube 6 to be inserted, and the upper and lower sections of the drainage tube 6 are respectively inserted into two ends of the charcoal based bacterial manure particles 7. In order to facilitate the wetting of the biochar-based bacterial manure particles 7 by the water manure, a gap for the outflow of the water manure is reserved between the bottom end of the upper section and the top end of the lower section of the drainage tube 6.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the drainage tube 6 is inclined in such a way that the inclination direction thereof is from top to bottom and the center of the pot body is opened outwards, so that the plant root system is guided to grow downwards and simultaneously extend outwards.
The embodiment of the application relates to a pot plant device with biochar-based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation, which is implemented by the principle that a pot body and a biochar-based suspension fertilizer filled in a cavity in the pot body wall form a heat preservation layer at the periphery of soil, and the heat preservation layer absorbs and stores heat when sunlight exists in daytime by utilizing the characteristics of the biochar, such as light absorption and heat storage properties, large specific heat capacity of water and the like, releases heat at low temperature at night, and maintains the temperature of pot plant soil. The liquid fertilizer conveying pipe 3 and the basin body unit form a U-shaped pipe structure, when the liquid level in the cavity of the basin body unit is higher than the top end of the liquid fertilizer conveying pipe 3, liquid fertilizer overflows from the top end of the liquid fertilizer conveying pipe 3, most overflowed liquid fertilizer liquid enters surface soil, and a small part of overflowed liquid fertilizer liquid enters the drainage pipe 6 to reach the middle and lower layers of the soil, so that volatilization and loss of the liquid fertilizer are reduced. The liquid fertilizer entering the drainage tube 6 wets the grain column when passing through the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer grains 7 to induce the bacterial fertilizer to be dissolved and released, and the liquid fertilizer in the drainage tube 6 further flows to the biochar cake 8 to be adsorbed and fixed, so that the fertilizer and water retention at the bottom of the soil are realized. Thus realizing the synergistic technical effects of external heat preservation, fertilizer release in the middle part and water storage in the lower part in the pot.
The following describes a potting planting method for implementing charcoal-based thermal insulation, fertilizer conservation and water conservation by using the potting device.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application discloses a pot planting method for preserving heat, fertilizer and water by using biochar, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing materials, including preparation of biochar-based suspension fertilizer, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles and biochar cakes, and specifically comprising the following steps:
the preparation of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer comprises the steps that the main fertilizer body is a mixture of the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension, and the biochar-based suspension fertilizer is a winter basic base fertilizer for kumquats, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Pyrolyzing fir at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain biochar. Corn straw, rice straw and chicken manure are taken as raw materials, crushed and mixed in equal proportion, and a decomposing agent (bacillus subtilis with the mass of 5% of the mixture) is added for high-temperature fermentation (not less than 70 ℃), and the mixture is turned over for many times to be fully decomposed to prepare the biomass organic fertilizer. Mixing biochar and biomass organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:19, regulating the mixture and water to proper concentration according to the mass ratio of 1:9 to form suspension, and finally removing insufficiently mixed massive solid particles by a standing precipitation mode to obtain the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer.
Mixing biochar with commercial calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and attapulgite according to the mass ratio of 1:9:3:3:2:2, regulating the mass ratio of the mixture to water according to the mass ratio of 1:9 to proper concentration to form suspension, and finally removing insufficiently mixed massive solid particles by a standing precipitation mode to obtain the biochar-based medium trace element fertilizer.
And finally, mixing the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer with the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension according to the mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.
The preparation method of the charcoal based bacterial manure particles comprises the steps of pyrolyzing rice hulls at 350 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain charcoal, uniformly mixing 0.5g of bacillus subtilis powder with 200ml of deionized water to obtain a bacillus subtilis solution, fully mixing the charcoal and the 200ml b bacillus subtilis solution according to a mass ratio of 1:100, stirring and adsorbing, drying at 30 ℃ to obtain the charcoal based bacillus subtilis fertilizer powder, and finally forming and granulating to obtain cylindrical particles with a height of 20 mm and a radius of 5mm, and arranging through holes with a radius of 2.5 mm in the particles to obtain the charcoal based bacterial manure particles.
And 1.3, preparing a biochar cake, namely pyrolyzing natural wood at 625-675 ℃ for 2 hours, activating to obtain biochar, and granulating the biochar to prepare a cake with the height of 5mm and the radius of 10 mm by molding, namely the biochar cake.
Step 2, mounting a potting device and planting plants:
The method comprises the steps of combining and fixing a plurality of basin units to form a basin, connecting a water and fertilizer conveying pipe to the bottom wall of the basin, installing a filter screen at the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, filling soil at the middle lower part of the basin, connecting biochar cakes with the lower section of a drainage pipe, placing the biochar cakes in the soil, continuously filling the soil in the basin, sequentially connecting biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles with the upper section of the drainage pipe at the lower section of the drainage pipe, and transplanting and planting kumquat seedlings.
Step 3, plant cultivation:
When the liquid level of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer injected into the cavity of the basin body unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the biochar-based suspension fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the biochar is trapped in the water and fertilizer conveying pipe by the filter screen, most overflowed water and fertilizer enters the soil, a small part overflowed water and fertilizer enters the drainage pipe to reach the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles and the biochar cakes, the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles release microbial inoculum under the water and fertilizer dissolution effect, and the water and fertilizer is adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cakes, so that water and fertilizer are kept under the soil.
Example 2
The embodiment of the application discloses a pot planting method for preserving heat, fertilizer and water by using biochar, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the main fertilizer body of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer adopted in the step 1.1 is a mixture of a quick-acting biochar-based suspension fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension, and is a special fertilizer (calcium-magnesium fertilizer) for kumquats in summer and autumn, and the preparation method is as follows:
Pyrolyzing fir at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain biochar. The method comprises the steps of selecting a commercially available high-nitrogen and high-potassium (18-5-22) formula fertilizer as a quick-acting fertilizer, mixing biochar and the quick-acting fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 1:19, adjusting the mixture and water to proper concentrations according to a mass ratio of 1:9 to form suspension, and finally removing undermixed massive solid particles in a standing precipitation mode to obtain the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer.
Mixing biochar with commercial quicklime, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1:7:5:4:3, adding water into the mixture to adjust the mixture to proper concentration to form suspension, and finally removing insufficiently mixed massive solid particles by a standing precipitation mode to obtain the biochar-based medium trace element fertilizer.
Finally, mixing the quick-acting fertilizer of the biochar-based suspension with the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension according to the mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.
Example 3
The embodiment of the application discloses a pot planting method for preserving heat, fertilizer and water by using biochar, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the main fertilizer body of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer adopted in the step 1.1 is a mixture of a biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension, and is a spring flower bud fertilizer for kumquats, and the preparation method is as follows:
Pyrolyzing fir at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain biochar. Corn straw, rice straw and chicken manure are taken as raw materials, crushed and mixed in equal proportion, and a decomposing agent (bacillus subtilis with the mass of 5% of the mixture) is added for high-temperature fermentation (not less than 70 ℃), and the mixture is turned over for many times to be fully decomposed to prepare the biomass organic fertilizer. Mixing biochar and biomass organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1:19, regulating the mixture and water to proper concentration according to the mass ratio of 1:9 to form suspension, and finally removing insufficiently mixed massive solid particles by a standing precipitation mode to obtain the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer.
Mixing biochar with commercial borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1:8:8:3, regulating the mixture with water to proper concentration according to the mass ratio of 1:9 to form suspension, and finally removing insufficiently mixed massive solid particles by a standing precipitation mode to obtain the biochar-based medium trace element fertilizer.
And finally, mixing the biochar-based suspension biomass organic fertilizer with the trace element fertilizer in the biochar-based suspension according to the mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the biochar-based suspension fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that comparative example 1 uses a common pot vessel (common pot, shape and size are the same as the pot plant used in example 1), and the fertilizer applied in comparative example 1 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer particles, and the fertilizer application mode is direct application, and the fertilizer application amount and frequency are the same as those in example 1.
The suspension fertilizer and the bacterial fertilizer particles applied in the comparative example 1 do not contain biochar, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
The preparation method of the suspension fertilizer comprises the steps that the main fertilizer body is a mixture of suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in suspension, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Corn straw, rice straw and chicken manure are taken as raw materials, crushed and mixed in equal proportion, and a decomposing agent (bacillus subtilis with the mass of 5% of the mixture) is added for high-temperature fermentation (not less than 70 ℃), and the mixture is turned over for many times to be fully decomposed to prepare the biomass organic fertilizer. And (3) regulating the mass ratio of the biomass organic fertilizer to water to be at a proper concentration to form suspension, and finally removing the insufficiently mixed massive solid particles in a standing precipitation mode to obtain the suspension biomass organic fertilizer.
Mixing the commercial calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and attapulgite according to the mass ratio of 10:3:3:2:2, regulating the mass ratio of the mixture to water to be proper to form suspension, and finally removing the insufficiently mixed massive solid particles in a standing precipitation mode to obtain the medium trace element fertilizer.
And finally, mixing the suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in suspension according to the mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.
Preparing bacterial fertilizer particles:
Uniformly mixing bacillus subtilis fertilizer powder, deionized water and a binder (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) according to a mass ratio of 1:2:7, granulating by molding to prepare cylindrical particles with a height of 20 mm and a radius of 5mm, and arranging through holes with a radius of 2.5 and mm in the particles to obtain the bacterial fertilizer particles.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that comparative example 2 uses a common pot vessel (common pot, shape and size are the same as the pot plant used in example 2), and the fertilizer applied in comparative example 2 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer particles, and the fertilizer application mode is direct application, and the fertilizer application amount and frequency are the same as those in example 2.
The suspension fertilizer and the bacterial fertilizer particles applied in the comparative example 2 do not contain biochar, wherein the preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer particles is the same as that of the comparative example 1, and the main fertilizer body of the suspension fertilizer is a mixture of a suspension quick-acting fertilizer and a trace element fertilizer in suspension, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
The method comprises the steps of selecting a commercially available high-nitrogen and high-potassium (18-5-22) formula fertilizer as a quick-acting fertilizer, adjusting the formula fertilizer to a proper concentration with water according to a mass ratio of 1:9 to form suspension, and finally removing undermixed massive solid particles in a standing precipitation mode to obtain the suspension quick-acting fertilizer.
Mixing commercial quicklime, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate according to the mass ratio of 8:5:4:3, adding water into the mixture to adjust the mixture to proper concentration to form suspension, and finally removing insufficiently mixed massive solid particles by a standing precipitation mode to obtain the medium trace element fertilizer.
And finally, mixing the suspension quick-acting fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in suspension according to the mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 3 is that comparative example 3 uses a common pot vessel (common pot, shape and size are the same as the pot plant used in example 3), and the fertilizer applied in comparative example 3 includes suspension fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer particles, and the fertilizer application mode is direct application, and the fertilizer application amount and frequency are the same as those in example 3.
The suspension fertilizer and the bacterial fertilizer particles applied in the comparative example 3 do not contain biochar, wherein the preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer particles is the same as that of the comparative example 1, the main fertilizer body of the suspension fertilizer is a mixture of suspension biomass organic fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in suspension, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
Corn straw, rice straw and chicken manure are taken as raw materials, crushed and mixed in equal proportion, and a decomposing agent (bacillus subtilis with the mass of 5% of the mixture) is added for high-temperature fermentation (not less than 70 ℃), and the mixture is turned over for many times to be fully decomposed to prepare the biomass organic fertilizer. And (3) regulating the mass ratio of the biomass organic fertilizer to water to be at a proper concentration to form suspension, and finally removing the insufficiently mixed massive solid particles in a standing precipitation mode to obtain the suspension biomass organic fertilizer.
Mixing commercial borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 9:8:3, regulating the mixture and water to proper concentration according to the mass ratio of 1:9 to form suspension, and finally removing insufficiently mixed massive solid particles by a standing precipitation mode to obtain the medium trace element fertilizer.
And finally, mixing the suspension biomass organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer in suspension according to the mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain the suspension fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 2 is that comparative example 4 uses a common pot vessel (common pot, shape and size are the same as the pot plant used in example 2), and the microbial inoculum is applied by dissolving 0.5g of bacillus subtilis powder in 100ml of water and mixing with potting soil directly.
And (3) index test:
The kumquat pot plants in example 1 and comparative example 1 were cultivated in a winter room temperature environment for 30 days, and after the cultivation was completed, the pot soil was respectively subjected to pH, temperature, medium trace element content and water content detection, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 physical and chemical indicators of soil part after 30 days of kumquat potting in winter
The kumquat pot plants in example 2 and comparative example 2 were cultivated in a summer room temperature environment for 30 days, and after the cultivation was completed, the pot soil was subjected to pH, temperature, medium trace element content and water content detection, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 physical and chemical indexes of soil parts after 30 days of potted kumquat in summer and autumn
The kumquat pot plants in example 3 and comparative example 3 were cultivated in a spring room temperature environment for 30 days, and after the cultivation was completed, the pot soil was subjected to pH, temperature, medium trace element content and water content detection, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 physical and chemical indicators of soil parts after 30 days of potted kumquats in spring
The kumquat pot plants in example 2 and comparative example 4 were cultivated in a room temperature environment for 180 days, a small amount of soil samples were taken on the 10 th day and 180 th day respectively (sampling position is the middle of the pot plant, and uniformly mixed after multi-point collection), and a gradient dilution coating plate count test was performed, and the detection results of the effective viable count in the pot plant soil are shown in table 4:
table 4 comparison of Bacillus subtilis counts in kumquat potting soil
As can be seen from the results of tables 1, 2 and 3, the soil pH of the examples is higher than that of the corresponding comparative examples, mainly because the alkalinity of the biochar can neutralize the acidity of the soil, and the pH value of the soil is improved by exchanging with hydrogen ions in the soil, so that the optimum pH of kumquats is 5.5-6.5. Meanwhile, nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the biochar can also provide nutrition support for soil, so that the soil environment is further improved. In addition, under the condition of applying the fertilizer with the same quality, the comparative example is directly applied, and the embodiment is that the fertilizer is adsorbed and slowly released through the biochar matched with the potting device structure, so that the soil acidification condition caused by over-application and aggregation of the fertilizer is reduced from the source.
The biochar in the peripheral insulating layer of the soil has the functions of absorbing light and accumulating heat, and the soil temperature of the embodiment is obviously higher than that of the corresponding comparative example.
The microelements are a part of the base fertilizer of kumquat, and are needed to be supplemented seriously, but the key is that the microelements are not excessive and can not be lost naturally when absorbed by plants. The embodiment can controllably overflow the water and the fertilizer through the structure of the potting device to realize slow release, and on the other hand, the porous and large specific surface area of the biochar can effectively adsorb and fix the nutrients, realize slow release and reduce leaching loss during watering, thereby achieving the purpose of fertilizer conservation and improving the nutrient utilization efficiency. Meanwhile, the water and fertilizer under the drainage promotes the microbial inoculum to amplify and reproduce, decomposes soil organic matters, increases available nutrients of soil, and further ensures that the content of medium and trace elements in the embodiment is higher than that in the corresponding comparative example.
Further, due to the drainage effect of the drainage tube on the water fertilizer and the water holding effect of the biochar bacterial fertilizer particles and the biochar cakes, the water retention of the soil is enhanced, so that the water content of the embodiment is obviously higher than that of the corresponding comparative example.
As is clear from the results in Table 4, in example 2, the slow release of the microbial inoculum is realized by adopting the mode of combining the biochar-based bacterial manure particles with a potting device, the effective viable count is kept stable and meets the national standard of the agricultural microbial inoculum in the cultivation period, and in comparative example 4, the effective viable count is obviously reduced when the cultivation period is finished by directly mixing the bacterial powder with the soil. The results show that the charcoal based bacterial manure particles provided by the application can obviously prolong the growth and propagation time of the bacterial agent when being used together with a potting device, and the fertilizer efficiency is more durable.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the application, so that the equivalent changes of the structure, shape and principle of the application are covered by the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A pot plant device for preserving heat, fertilizer and water by using biochar is characterized by comprising:
The pot body is formed by encircling a plurality of pot body units, each pot body unit comprises a pot body side wall and a pot body bottom wall, the pot body side wall and the pot body bottom wall are hollow and communicated with each other, and the hollow is used for storing biochar-based suspension fertilizer;
the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are vertically arranged, the top ends of the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are communicated with the cavity of the bottom wall of the basin body, and the top ends of the water and fertilizer conveying pipes are higher than the surface of soil in the basin body and lower than the fertilizer inlet;
The drainage pipes are in one-to-one correspondence with the water and fertilizer conveying pipes, each drainage pipe comprises an upper section and a lower section which are detachably connected, biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles for slowly releasing bacterial fertilizer are connected between the upper section and the lower section of each drainage pipe, the top end of the upper section of each drainage pipe is communicated with one side of the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the bottom end of the lower section of each drainage pipe is connected with a biochar cake for preserving fertilizer and water, and each drainage pipe is inserted into soil to enable the biochar cake to be located in middle-lower soil.
2. The potting device for the charcoal-based insulation, fertilizer and water retention of claim 1, wherein the pot body unit is transparent, so that the charcoal-based suspension fertilizer stored in the cavity can absorb and store heat.
3. The device for potting with charcoal based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top end of the water fertilizer conveying pipe is provided with a filter screen.
4. The potting device for the charcoal-based insulation, fertilizer and water conservation of the pot body according to claim 1, wherein 4-6 pot body units are arranged, and the types of the charcoal-based suspension fertilizers stored in the cavities of the pot body units are the same or different.
5. The device for potting with the charcoal based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation of claim 1, wherein the top end outer side wall of the upper section of the drainage tube is attached to the top end outer side wall of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, and the top end of the upper section of the drainage tube is lower than the top end of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe.
6. The potting device for the charcoal based fertilizer and water conservation of heat preservation, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the charcoal based fertilizer particles are provided with through holes for insertion of drainage tubes, the upper sections and the lower sections of the drainage tubes are respectively inserted into two ends of the charcoal based fertilizer particles, and a gap for outflow of water and fertilizer is reserved between the bottom end of the upper section and the top end of the lower section of the drainage tube.
7. The charcoal-based heat-preservation fertilizer-preservation water-retention potting device of claim 1, wherein the drainage tube is obliquely arranged, and the oblique direction of the drainage tube is outwards opened from the center of the pot body from top to bottom.
8. A pot planting method of charcoal-based heat-preserving, fertilizer-preserving and water-preserving is characterized in that the pot planting device of charcoal-based heat-preserving, fertilizer-preserving and water-preserving is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
The preparation of materials comprises mixing one or more of biomass organic fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizer and medium trace element fertilizer with biochar to obtain biochar-based suspension fertilizer, mixing biochar with bacteria liquid, oven drying and granulating to obtain biochar-based bacteria fertilizer particles;
the pot plant device is installed and planted, wherein a plurality of pot body units are combined and fixed to form a pot body, and a water and fertilizer conveying pipe is connected to the bottom wall of the pot body;
And when the liquid level of the biochar-based suspension fertilizer injected into the cavity of the basin body unit is higher than the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the biochar-based suspension fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, one part of the water and fertilizer enters soil, the other part of the water and fertilizer enters the drainage pipe to reach biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles and biochar cakes, the biochar-based bacterial fertilizer particles release microbial inoculum under the action of water and fertilizer dissolution, the water and fertilizer is adsorbed and fixed at the biochar cakes, and the water and fertilizer is kept under the soil.
9. The potted plant planting method of the biological carbon-based heat preservation fertilizer and water preservation method of the biological carbon-based suspension fertilizer is characterized in that biological carbon in the biological carbon-based suspension fertilizer is obtained by pyrolysis of fir, biological carbon in biological carbon-based bacterial fertilizer particles is obtained by pyrolysis of rice hulls, and biological carbon in biological carbon cakes is obtained by pyrolysis of natural wood.
10. The method for planting a potted plant with the biochar-based heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water preservation function according to claim 8, wherein the step of installing the potting device is characterized in that a filter screen is arranged at the top end of a water and fertilizer conveying pipe, and when the biochar-based suspension fertilizer overflows from the top of the water and fertilizer conveying pipe, the biochar is intercepted in the water and fertilizer conveying pipe by the filter screen.
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