CN119896143A - A method for planting Coptis chinensis in karst rock cracks in a simulated wild manner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of corydalis saxicola bunting cultivation, in particular to a method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting in karst stone seams to imitate wild species, which comprises the following steps of (1) seeding and raising seedlings, namely adding a water-retaining seedling raising matrix into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, then seeding the treated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds in a dibbling mode, soaking the matrix once after seeding, keeping the matrix moist, keeping the shading rate at 60-70%, (2) transplanting and planting, namely planting in the karst stone seams with the shading rate of 60-80% in a non-bagging mode, covering a proper amount of water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil at the bottom and around the bag seedlings during planting, and (3) watering, namely watering to keep the soil humidity at 50-65%, and (4) fertilizing, namely filling a slow-release fertilizer into a non-woven fabric bag, directly placing the slow-release fertilizer bag at an ascending slope beside a plant during fertilization, and slowly releasing the fertilizer during raining or water-spraying. The technology of the invention can be used for the original environment regression and conservation of the corydalis saxicola bunting and the industrialization utilization of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Description

Method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting in karst stone seam imitating wild species

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of corydalis saxicola bunting cultivation, in particular to a method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting in a karst rock seam imitating wild species.

Background

Corydalis saxicola bunting (Corydalissaxicola) belongs to the plant group of corydalis saxicola (Corydalis) of Papaveraceae (PAPAVERACEASE), is a plant special for karst in China, and has natural distribution limited to karst areas in southwest, mainly produced Guangxi, guizhou, yunnan and the like. The corydalis saxicola bunting often occurs in the cliff or the rock joints of limestone, and a small number of corydalis saxicola bunting grows in the humus soil under the rock, so that the corydalis saxicola bunting has obvious rock growth characteristics. The corydalis saxicola bunting is a perennial herb, is a traditional Zhuang medicine in Guangxi, takes whole herb as medicine, takes alkaloid substances as main raw metabolite, has multiple medicinal functions, has advantages in the aspects of treating inflammation, pain, tumor and the like, and has obvious medicinal efficacy when being developed into injection for clinical treatment.

Because the germination of the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds and the growth of the seedlings have higher requirements on the environmental conditions such as soil, temperature, humidity, illumination and the like, the germination rate of the seeds is low and the survival of the seedlings is difficult under natural conditions, thus seriously impeding the natural propagation and population updating of wild plants. In addition, the wild resources are exhausted due to artificial digging, environmental condition change and other reasons, and the corydalis saxicola bunting is classified as a national secondary protection plant in 2021. In order to solve the problems of germplasm resource regression and industrialized utilization, the research work of seedling breeding and wild-imitating planting of corydalis saxicola bunting is needed to be carried out.

The applicant has been devoted to the study of seedling breeding and artificial planting technology of corydalis saxicola bunting for many years, wherein, in order to solve the seed seedling raising problem of the corydalis saxicola bunting, the inventor develops a seed treatment method for improving the germination vigor and germination rate of the corydalis saxicola bunting and applies for the application patent, the patent application number is CN202210116104.3, the authority (bulletin) number is CN114402738B, by means of the patent technology, the person skilled in the art can cultivate strong seedlings by optimizing seedling raising matrixes, adjusting seedling raising time and improving seedling raising modes and adopting a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, the seedling yield of qualified bag seedlings (the seedling height is more than 10cm and the rootstock thickness is more than 0.3 cm) after sowing can reach about 90 percent, the seedling raising cost is as low as about 0.3 yuan/bag in four seasons, and the continuous mass seedling emergence throughout the year can be realized.

In the aspect of artificial planting of corydalis saxicola bunting, the former people have carried out more researches and have also achieved some achievements in scientific research, such as:

The invention patent with publication number CN104303973A discloses a method for cultivating corydalis saxicola bunting by imitating wild type, which comprises the steps of punching cultivation holes with diameter of 5-10cm and depth of 10-15cm on a rock wall, filling matrixes into the cultivation holes, and planting by a sowing planting method, wherein the method has the defects of difficult rock wall punching, difficult seed germination and seedling growth, long production period and the like;

The invention patent with publication number CN108293652A discloses a method for cultivating corydalis saxicola bunting by imitating wild type in a karst cave, wherein the method comprises the steps of selecting a wide-mouth karst cave, preparing land, fertilizing, sowing and planting in open field, and the method has the defects of less suitable planting area, slow seedling growth, long production period and the like;

The invention patent with publication number CN106171402A discloses a standardized planting method of corydalis saxicola bunting, which adopts methods of seedling raising by a seedling bed, temporary planting and cultivating and bare root seedling planting in open field for planting, has the defects of low planting survival rate, long production period and the like, and does not belong to the field of natural environment wild-imitating planting;

In addition, "Yuanhua. Rare medicinal plant corydalis saxicola bunting cultivation technique [ J ]. Anhui forestry science and technology 2019,45 (2): 28-30", "Wei Zhongfu, wang Dongmei, yang Depo etc. the endangered wild medicinal material corydalis saxicola bunting artificial cultivation technique [ J ]. Time-delicacy medicine, 2006,17 (12): 2404-2405". And "Jiang Shuiyuan, wei Xiao, li Hong etc. the Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) for standardized planting of corydalis saxicola bunting [ J ]. Guangxi plant, 2006,26 (6): 675-680". All reported the cultivation technique of corydalis saxicola bunting, but the seedling raising method is that seeding is firstly carried out on a seedbed and then transplanted into a nutrition bag, the seedling raising cost is increased due to the addition of seedling transplanting links, and the planting mode is large-field planting, not belonging to the field of wild-imitating planting.

The karst region in southwest of China has a karst habitat with large area suitable for the growth of the corydalis saxicola bunting, but planting the corydalis saxicola bunting in the karst rock joints faces the problems of drought, water and soil loss, difficult fertilization and the like. At present, no successful cases of developing the regression conservation and the industrialized planting of the corydalis saxicola bunting in karst stone seams are seen, and no technical reports on aspects of water conservation, water and soil erosion prevention and the like of karst habitats are seen.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting by imitating wild species by using karst rock slits, aiming at the problems that wild resources of the corydalis saxicola bunting are about to be exhausted, medicinal material resources are seriously insufficient, and wide karst rock slit space is not fully utilized. The method has the advantages that the planting survival rate of the corydalis saxicola bunting can reach more than 80%, drought tolerance days of seedlings after water drenching reach about 30 days, the effects of soil fixation, water and soil loss prevention and fertilizer leaching loss are achieved, the production period can be shortened, premature labor and high yield can be achieved, the fresh weight of a single corydalis saxicola bunting plant for half a year is about 100g, the fresh weight of a single corydalis saxicola bunting plant for 1 year is more than 350g, and the content of medicinal active ingredients (total alkaloids) is about 2.5%, so that the method can be used for the primordial environment regression conservation of the corydalis saxicola bunting and the industrialization utilization of Chinese medicinal materials, and provides a new way for the primordial environment regression conservation and the industrialization utilization of the rare endangered medicinal plant corydalis saxicola bunting.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock seam imitating wild species, comprising the following steps:

(1) Sowing and raising seedlings, namely adding a water-retaining seedling raising matrix into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, sowing the treated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag in a spot sowing mode, soaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with water once after sowing, keeping the matrix moist, and keeping the sunshade rate at 60-70%;

(2) Transplanting, namely planting in a cloudy day or a small rainy day, planting the corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings and the non-woven fabric seedling bags in karst stone seams with the sun-shading rate of 60-80% in a mode of not taking off the bags, and covering proper amount of water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil at the bottom and around the bag seedlings during planting;

(3) Spraying water, namely spraying root fixing water after planting, and keeping the soil humidity to be 50-65%;

(4) And (3) fertilizing, namely filling the slow release fertilizer into a non-woven fabric bag to manufacture a slow release fertilizer bag, and fertilizing by adopting the slow release fertilizer bag 2 months after planting, wherein the slow release fertilizer bag is directly placed at an uphill position beside a plant during fertilizing, so that the fertilizer is slowly released in the process of raining or water spraying.

Preferably, the specification of the non-woven seedling raising bag is 9 x 9cm.

Preferably, the water-retaining seedling raising matrix is prepared from water-retaining agent, lime, fire ash, sawdust, perlite, river sand, organic fertilizer and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1.4:5.6:10:12:12:23:35.

Preferably, the method for treating the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds comprises mixing the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds with clean river sand and water according to the volume ratio of 1:10:3, placing in a non-woven bag, and refrigerating in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 60 days while keeping the seeds moist.

The sowing method comprises the specific operation of sowing in the step (1), namely, mixing and sieving dry river sand, sawdust and fire ash according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain mixed seed matrixes, uniformly mixing the treated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds and the mixed seed matrixes according to the proportion of 4-5 corydalis saxicola bunting seeds in each 5ml mixed seed matrix to obtain sowing matrixes, sowing the sowing matrixes into non-woven fabric seedling bags filled with the water-retaining seedling matrixes in a spot sowing mode, sowing 5ml sowing matrixes into each non-woven fabric seedling bag, and then spreading a layer of sawdust with the thickness of 5mm on the surface.

Preferably, the fire ash in the seedling substrate or the mixed substrate can be replaced by fire soil.

Preferably, the water-retaining and binding nutrient soil in the step (2) is prepared from compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, lime, organic fertilizer and soil according to the volume ratio of 0.5:0.6:1:1.4:30:66.5.

Preferably, the water-retaining bonded nutrient soil is used in an amount of 0.5-0.8L/plant.

Preferably, the non-woven fabric bag used for manufacturing the slow-release fertilizer bag is a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the length of 10 x 12 cm.

Preferably, the slow release fertilizer is prepared from a compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 1:5.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. Aiming at the problems of small soil slope, steep water and soil loss, fertilizer leaching loss and other planting fields in karst areas, the invention adopts special materials such as water retention agent, adhesive, lime and the like, adopts the technical methods of bag seedling non-bag removal planting, water retention adhesive nutrient soil covering, slow release fertilizer bag fertilization method and the like, and provides the optimal planting environment condition. The application of the special material and the targeted technical method can greatly improve the planting survival rate of the corydalis saxicola bunting, shorten the production period, improve the yield and the quality of medicinal materials, and effectively reduce the water and soil loss and the fertilizer leaching phenomenon in the karst area. The technology of the invention can be applied to the fields of ecological restoration in karst stony desertification areas, regression and conservation of endangered plant corydalis saxicola bunting, industrialized development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and the like, provides a new way for land resource space utilization in karst areas, and provides technical support for the original environment regression and conservation and industrialized utilization of rare endangered medicinal plant corydalis saxicola bunting.

2. The experiment results show that compared with bare root seedlings, the survival rate of the seedlings planted by the method without bag removal is improved from 58.51% to 89.84%, the drought-resistant days are improved from 5 days to 10 days under the condition that the seedlings are directly placed and not sprayed with water compared with the conventional seedlings, the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is covered during planting, the drought-resistant days of seedlings sprayed with water are improved from 5-10 days without soil cover and 10-25 days with conventional soil cover to 30-35 days, the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil disclosed by the invention can not only maintain the soil humidity for a long time, but also can play a role of soil fixation and soil erosion prevention, in addition, the slow-release fertilizer bag disclosed by the invention can reduce fertilizer leaching loss and improve fertilizer yield, and further can shorten the production period compared with direct planting, realize high yield of a single plant of corydalis saxicola, the fresh weight of the planted corydalis saxicola bunting reaches more than 350g for one year, and the effective ingredient (the total alkaloid content reaches about 2%).

3. The seedling raising bags, the water-retaining agent, the adhesive, the lime, the fertilizer and other raw materials adopted by the invention are sold in markets and have lower price, thereby being beneficial to reducing the cost and realizing the industrialized utilization. The technology of the invention can be used for the primordial environment regression conservation of corydalis saxicola bunting and the development and utilization of medicinal material resources.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth conditions of corydalis saxicola bunting seedling breeding and wild-like planting. Wherein A is greenhouse seedling raising, B is strong corydalis saxicola bunting seedling raised by using a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, and C-E is wild-simulated planting growth condition of corydalis saxicola bunting.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the survival rate of the planted bag seedlings and the planted bare root seedlings in example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows the effect of the soil-and water-retaining bonded nutrient soil on the humidity of the substrate in the seedling bag in example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a comparative experimental live view of drought tolerance of corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings. Wherein A is that the conventional matrix bag seedling is placed for 7 days after being soaked in water. B is placed for 7 days after water retention matrix bag seedlings are soaked in water, C is planted by covering soil for water retention matrix bag seedlings for 20 days after water retention matrix bag seedlings are soaked in water, and D is planted by covering water retention matrix bag seedlings with water retention adhesive nutrient soil for 20 days after water retention matrix bag seedlings are soaked in water.

FIG. 5 shows the effect of the application of self-made slow release fertilizer on plant growth in example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows the effect of different sunshade rates on seedling growth in example 5 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock joints by imitating wild species, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Sowing and raising seedlings, namely adding a water-retaining seedling raising matrix into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, and sowing the treated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag in a spot sowing mode, wherein the specification of the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag is 9cm;

The water-retaining seedling raising matrix is prepared from water-retaining agent, lime, fire ash, sawdust, perlite, river sand, organic fertilizer and soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1.4:5.6:10:12:12:23:35, wherein the fire ash in the seedling raising matrix can be replaced by fire soil;

The method for treating the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds comprises collecting the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds when they are ripe, air-drying, packaging the seeds in a plastic sealing bag, and storing in a refrigerator at 4deg.C for use, mixing the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds with clean river sand and water at a volume ratio of 1:10:3 before sowing, packaging in a non-woven bag, and storing in a refrigerator at 4deg.C for 60 days while keeping the seeds moist;

The specific operation of sowing is that dry river sand, sawdust and fire ash are mixed and sieved according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 before sowing to obtain mixed seed matrix, and the fire ash can be replaced by fire soil; sowing the sowing matrix into non-woven fabric seedling bags filled with water-retaining seedling matrixes in a dibbling mode, preferably sowing in the central position, sowing 5ml of sowing matrix into each non-woven fabric seedling bag, and then spreading a layer of sawdust with the thickness of 5mm on the surface to cover the surface;

the seedling growing method comprises the steps of soaking the seedlings in water once after sowing, keeping the substrates moist, starting germination after sowing generally for about 10 days, finishing germination for about 1 month, enabling the roots of the corydalis saxicola bunting to grow under proper illumination and drought conditions, controlling the illumination and the water content to be 60-70% for cultivating the strong seedlings of the corydalis saxicola bunting, enabling the water spraying amount to be reduced for seedling hardening after the germination is finished, and enabling chlormequat chloride to be sprayed for controlling the nutrition growth of the seedlings if the nutrition growth of the seedlings is too vigorous.

(2) Transplanting and planting, namely transplanting and planting 2-3 months after sowing, and when the seedling height reaches 10cm and the rootstock thickness reaches 3 mm. In addition, the corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings are fragile, the recovery period after planting is long, the survival rate is greatly reduced when the corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings are exposed to rain within 1 month after planting, and therefore the rainy season is avoided as much as possible during planting. Except heavy rain and high temperature seasons, the other time periods can be planted;

Planting in cloudy days or small rainy days, planting the corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings and the non-woven fabric seedling bags in karst stone seams with the sun-shading rate of 60-80% in a mode of not removing bags, and covering proper water-retaining and nutrient soil on the bottoms and the periphery of the bagged seedlings during planting;

The water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is prepared from compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, lime, organic fertilizer and soil according to the volume ratio of 0.5:0.6:1:1.4:30:66.5, and the dosage of the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is 0.5-0.8L/plant.

(3) And (3) watering, namely watering the root fixing water after planting, and if the weather is drought after planting, watering once every half month, and keeping the soil humidity to be 50-65%.

(4) The slow release fertilizer is put into a non-woven fabric seedling bag to be manufactured into a slow release fertilizer bag, the slow release fertilizer bag is adopted for fertilization 2 months after planting, and the slow release fertilizer bag is directly placed at an uphill position beside a plant during fertilization, so that the fertilizer is slowly released in the process of raining or water drenching;

The non-woven fabric bags used for the slow release fertilizer bags are non-woven fabric seedling bags with the volume ratio of 10 x 12cm, and the slow release fertilizer is prepared from compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:5.

The conditions of the seedling breeding and the wild-like planting growth of the corydalis saxicola bunting by using the method are shown in the figure 1, and as can be seen from the figure 1, the corydalis saxicola bunting bred and planted by using the method has a good growth state, and the method can provide a new way for the utilization of the land resource space of the karst area.

The present application will be further described with reference to the following examples in order to more clearly illustrate the present application. The following examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the present application without departing from the spirit and nature of the application are intended to be within the scope of the present application.

Unless otherwise indicated, the examples follow the conditions of conventional experiments or the conditions recommended by conventional manufacturer's specifications.

Unless otherwise indicated, all chemicals and materials used in the examples were conventional commercial reagent materials, and the technical means used in the examples were conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1 comparative experiment of planting survival Rate of bag seedlings and bare root seedlings

1. Harvesting and storing seeds:

in the embodiment, the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds are collected when the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds are ripe in 2023 and are put into a plastic sealing pocket after being dried, and are stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for standby, and the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds can still keep high germination rate after being dried and refrigerated in the refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 2-3 years.

2. Seed treatment:

It is known that seedling bags are used for seedling cultivation in a greenhouse, nursery planting can be carried out 2-3 months after sowing, spring sowing is generally carried out from 2 late to 3 late, planting is carried out 5-7 months, autumn sowing is generally carried out from 7 late to 8 late, planting is carried out after 11 months, and a person skilled in the art needs to push seedlings backwards according to a planting plan to carry out nursery stage before sowing, and seeds are treated 60 days in advance.

The specific method for treating seeds in this example comprises taking out 30g (about 6 ten thousand grains, about 66 ml) of refrigerated rhizoma corydalis saxicola bunting seeds at 2023, 12 months and 26 days, mixing with 660ml of clean river sand, adding water about 200ml to wet thoroughly, placing into a non-woven bag, refrigerating in a refrigerator at 4deg.C for 60 days, and keeping the seeds moist.

3. Sowing and seedling raising:

Preparing a water-retaining seedling substrate, namely uniformly mixing 20L of a 1000-time granular agricultural water-retaining agent (Kolin biochemical industry) 20L, lime 28L, fire ash 112L, sawdust 200L, perlite 240L, river sand 240L and cow dung fermented bio-organic fertilizer (Guangxi Lirong biotechnology Co., ltd.) 460L and soil 700L for 20 days in 2024;

and (3) bagging the matrix, namely, adopting a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the specification of 9 x 9cm (the diameter is about 5cm after bagging and the height is about 7 cm), filling the water-retaining seedling raising matrix with the height of 6cm, filling about 120ml of the water-retaining seedling raising matrix in each bag, and placing about 500 bags per square meter. The substrate can be packed into about 1.5 ten thousand bags;

The seed mixed matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing dried river sand 30L, sawdust 30L and fire ash 30L for 24 days in 2024 and sieving to obtain mixed matrix, taking out the refrigerated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds from a refrigerator, and fully and uniformly mixing the refrigerated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds and the mixed matrix for 60 days to obtain a sowing matrix;

Sowing, namely sowing the sowing matrix into all seedling bags in an on-demand mode, wherein the consumption of each seedling bag is about 5ml, about 4 seeds are arranged in each seedling bag, the sowing matrix is sown at the central position of the seedling bag as much as possible, and finally, a layer of sawdust with the thickness of about 5mm is spread on the surface for covering;

And (3) seedling management, namely, soaking the seeds in water once after sowing, keeping the matrix moist, and starting germination after sowing generally for about 10 days and finishing germination for about 1 month. Proper illumination and drought conditions can promote the root system growth of the corydalis saxicola bunting, the illumination and the moisture are required to be controlled for cultivating the strong seedlings of the corydalis saxicola bunting, the sun shading rate is preferably kept at 60-70%, the water spraying amount can be reduced for hardening seedlings after germination is completed, and if the nutrition growth of the seedlings is too vigorous, chlormequat chloride can be sprayed for controlling the nutrition growth of the seedlings.

4. Transplanting:

2-3 months after sowing, transplanting and planting when the seedling height reaches 10cm and the rootstock thickness reaches 3mm, wherein in the selection of planting seasons, the cultivation is not suitable for 8-9 months because the high temperature is unfavorable for the growth of the corydalis saxicola bunting in summer, in addition, the corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings are fragile, the recovery period after planting is long, the survival rate is greatly reduced after planting within 1 month, the raining season is avoided as much as possible during the planting period, and other periods except for heavy rain and high-temperature seasons can be planted.

The experiment is carried out by comparing the survival rate of the planting bag seedlings (planting without bag removal) and the planting bare root seedlings in a planting mode of imitating wild, field planting and potted plant 3 planting modes, and the experiment site is carried out on an experiment base of Guangxi plant institute.

The specific operation of the wild-like planting is as follows:

(1) Selecting a planting environment and piling up rockery, namely selecting an under-forest environment with a sun-shading rate of 60-80%, piling up the rockery by using rock stones, and building a field original environment condition;

(2) Preparing water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil, namely uniformly mixing 2L of 15-15-15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (Hunan gold leaf Zhongwang technology Co., ltd.) 2.4L of original star powder medium viscosity adhesive (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, zhengzhou original cellulose Co., ltd.), 4L of water-retaining agent, 5.6L of lime, 120L of organic fertilizer and 266L of soil to obtain the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil for later use;

(3) Planting, 4 planting experiments are respectively carried out in the period from 4 months of 2024 to 1 month of 2025. The row spacing of the planted plants is 30cm, and 10-12 plants are planted per square meter. When planting, firstly, a proper amount of water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is put into the stone seams, then, bag seedlings (or bare root seedlings) are put into the stone seams, then, a proper amount of water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is covered, the dosage of the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is 0.5-0.8L for each plant, after planting, root fixing water is sprayed (water spraying is not needed in rainy days), and then, water is sprayed at random according to drought conditions.

The specific operation of the field planting is as follows:

(1) Soil preparation, fertilization and mulching film covering, namely soil preparation according to a furrow width of 1.2m and a furrow width of 0.3m, soil turning depth of 20cm, uniformly mixing a proper amount of organic fertilizer and soil, and mulching an agricultural reflective mulching film on a furrow surface after water spraying;

(2) Planting, namely, 3 planting experiments are respectively carried out in the period from 12 months of 2024 to 1 month of 2025. 4 rows of seeds are planted in each furrow, and the plant spacing is 30cm. During planting, holes are punched in the mulching film, planting pits slightly larger than the seedling bags are dug, then bag seedlings (or bare root seedlings) are placed in the planting pits, original soil is used for covering, root fixing water is sprayed after planting, water is sprayed irregularly according to drought conditions, and a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of about 70% is used for sunshade.

The specific operation of the potted plant planting is as follows:

(1) Preparing a substrate, namely uniformly mixing 2L of compound fertilizer, 6L of lime, 120L of organic fertilizer and 272L of soil to obtain a potting substrate for later use;

(2) Planting, namely planting experiments are respectively carried out in the greenhouse and outside the greenhouse at the 12 th month and 20 th year of 2024. The method comprises the steps of planting by adopting a plastic flowerpot with the caliber of 22cm, firstly filling a proper amount of matrix in the flowerpot, then putting a bag seedling (or a bare root seedling), then adding a proper amount of matrix, spraying root-fixing water after planting, and then spraying water irregularly according to drought conditions, and shading by adopting a shading net with the shading rate of about 70 percent.

The survival rate is checked after 1 month of planting, and the results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2, and the results show that the survival rate of the planting bag seedlings is higher than that of the planting bare root seedlings in the planting modes of wild imitation, field planting and potted plant 3, the average survival rate of the planting bag seedlings is 89.84%, and the average survival rate of the planting bare root seedlings is 58.51%. The survival rate of the field planting and the potted plant is high as a whole, the survival rate of the wild-like planting is low as a whole, but the average survival rate of the wild-like planting bag seedlings can reach more than 80%, the survival rate of the wild-like planting bare root seedlings is obviously low, and the average survival rate is only 27.20%. In addition, as the corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings are fragile, the survival rate of the wild-like planting is greatly influenced by weather such as raining, sunshine and the like, and the survival rates of the planting in different seasons and different days have great difference.

Table 1 survival rate comparison of planted bag seedlings with planted bare root seedlings

Example 2 experiment of the Effect of soil-covered and Water-retaining bonded nutrient soil on the humidity of the substrate in the seedling bag

The purpose of the adhesive used in the application is to play a role in soil fixation, water and soil loss prevention and fertilizer leaching loss prevention. The soil fixing effect is poor when the consumption of the adhesive is insufficient, and the respiration of plant root systems can be influenced when the consumption is too high, so that the plants die. Experiments show that the water-retaining and binding nutrient soil prepared according to the volume ratio of the application can maintain a certain soil fixing effect and can not influence plant growth.

In this example, the steps of seed harvesting and storage, seed treatment, seeding and seedling, and preparation of the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil are the same as those of example 1, and the transplanting and planting time is 2024, 10, 8 days.

The experimental planting has the common conditions of relatively consistent wild-like karst stone seams, rain-proof covering films and about 70% of sun shading rate.

2 Treatment groups and 1 control group were set. The treatment group 1 comprises firstly placing a small amount of soil at the bottom, then placing the seedlings in bags, and then covering the bags with soil, wherein the soil dosage is about 0.5-0.8L/plant, the treatment group 2 comprises firstly placing a small amount of water-retaining bonding nutrient soil at the bottom, then placing the seedlings in bags, then covering the bags with water-retaining bonding nutrient soil, wherein the water-retaining bonding nutrient soil dosage is about 0.5-0.8L/plant, and the control group comprises directly placing the seedlings in karst stone seams.

The first day of the experiment was completely water-permeable, after which no water was sprayed any more, the humidity of the matrix in the recording bag was measured daily, and the experiment was ended when the total humidity was 0. Soil moisture was measured using a Yixin LY201 soil detector.

Early experiments show that when the soil humidity is reduced to about 30%, the corydalis saxicola bunting is not injured due to drought, and when the soil humidity is reduced to below 20%, the corydalis saxicola bunting is injured due to drought after about 1 day, so that the soil humidity is 20-30% which is the critical point of the corydalis saxicola bunting subjected to drought stress.

The experimental results are shown in table 2 and fig. 3.

Wherein, table 2 records the days used for the humidity of each group to decrease to 30%, 20% and 0, respectively, as can be seen from Table 2, the substrate humidity of CK (control group) decreased to 4 days only when 20% was used, and then decreased to 0 only when 6 days were used, the substrate humidity of the soil covering treatment (i.e. treatment group 1) decreased to 20% was 8 days when it was used, the substrate humidity decreased to 0 when 24 days was used, and the substrate humidity of the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil covering treatment (i.e. treatment group 2) decreased to 20% for 26 days and then decreased to 0 when 42 days;

TABLE 2 Effect of soil-and Water-retaining bonded nutrient soil on substrate humidity in seedling bags

Treatment of	CK	Treatment 1 (earthing)	Treatment 2 (Water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil)
				Initial humidity/%	87.67	86.33	86.33
Days for humidity to drop to 30%	4	6	8
				Days for humidity to drop to 20%	4	8	26
Days for humidity to drop to 0	6	24	42

In the humidity profile shown in fig. 3, the humidity rise phenomenon occurs during the 10 th to 15 th days because the substrate absorbs moisture to cause the humidity rise in the overcast and rainy weather for 3 consecutive days at that time, and the humidity rise in the treatment of the covered water-retaining bonded nutrient soil is particularly remarkable.

The experimental result shows that the soil humidity can be maintained for a long time by adopting the covering water-retaining and nutrient soil binding treatment, and the soil fixation and fertilizer retention effects are achieved.

Example 3 experiment of the Effect of different seedling substrates and planting modes on plant drought tolerance

Based on the experimental results of example 2, in order to further verify the effect of using the water-retaining agent and the adhesive, the experiment was performed. The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in example 1, wherein the seedling substrate for control was not added with water-retaining agent, and the comparative experiment was conducted in the same manner as in example 2, and the specific planting manner can be seen in Table 3. The planting time was 2024, 11 and 21 days, the first day of the experiment was completely water-drenched, after which no water was drenched, and the days of drought injury and death were recorded for each treated plant.

The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. 4, and the results in Table 3 show that the conventional matrix bag seedlings without soil are directly placed for about 5 days to show drought injury and die in 10 days, and the drought tolerance days (calculated by the drought injury time) of the matrix bag seedlings with water retention seedlings can be improved to 10 days and the drought death days to 20 days. The method of the application is used for covering the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil when planting, the drought-resistant days of the seedlings are improved from 5-10 days without the soil and 10-25 days with the conventional soil to 30-35 days, and the time of drought death can reach about 45 days at maximum when the water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil is used for planting the bagged seedlings which are grown by using the water-retaining seedling substrate.

Example 2 shows that when the weather is in overcast and rainy conditions, the water-retaining agent can absorb moisture in the air so as to improve the soil humidity, and the example further verifies the phenomenon, and after the weather is changed into overcast and rainy in the middle of the drought and injured plant, the plant does not generate new injury, and even resumes normal growth. Therefore, the technology can reduce the frequency of artificial water drenching for the arid and water-deficient karst areas and greatly improve the survival rate and the preservation rate of the seedling planting.

TABLE 3 influence of different seedling substrates and planting modes on drought tolerance of plants

Planting mode	Arid injury days (heaven)	Drought death days (heaven)
			Conventional matrix bag seedlings are not covered with soil	5	10
Conventional matrix bag Miao Futu	10	24
			Conventional matrix bag seedling water-retaining binding nutrient soil	30	40
The water-retaining seedling substrate bag seedling is not covered with soil	10	20
			Water-retaining seedling substrate bag Miao Futu	25	35
Water-retaining seedling substrate bag seedling covering water-retaining bonding nutrient soil	35	45

Fig. 4 is a comparative experimental live view of drought tolerance of corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings, wherein A is 7 days after soaking in water, B is 7 days after soaking in water, C is 20 days after soaking in water, and D is 20 days after soaking in water.

Example 4 experiment of the Effect of applying self-made slow-Release Fertilizer bags on plant growth

1. Self-made slow release fertilizer bag:

The experiment adopts the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer described in the embodiment 1 to prepare the slow release fertilizer, and adopts the non-woven fabric seedling bags with the specification of 10 x 12cm to prepare the slow release fertilizer bags. Mixing 20L of compound fertilizer and 100L of organic fertilizer uniformly to prepare slow release fertilizer, filling about 150ml of slow release fertilizer in each bag, filling the slow release fertilizer, and binding and sealing by a stapler. Or customizing the fertilizer bag according to the specification.

2. The fertilization method comprises the following steps:

After planting for about 2 months, fertilizer can be applied when the plants pass the seedling recovery period and recover to normal growth. Typically applied 2 times per year, 3-4 months in spring and 9 months in autumn. The fertilizer bag is directly placed at the position of an upward slope beside the plant during fertilization, so that the fertilizer is slowly released in the process of raining or water drenching.

The karst stone seam has the problems of soil deficiency, steep gradient and the like, and generally does not have the conditions of water retention and fertilizer retention in natural environment, and if the fertilizer is directly sprayed, the karst stone seam is easily washed out and leached out by rain water, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is extremely low. The method fixes the slow release fertilizer through the fertilizer bag, and slowly releases the slow release fertilizer in the process of raining or water drenching, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and achieving the effect of increasing yield.

The slow release fertilizer bag manufactured by the method has the initial nutrient content of 41.4 percent of organic matters, 4.45 percent of total nitrogen, 6.12 percent of total phosphorus and 4.69 percent of total potassium, and the nutrient content after 3 months of application is 47.1 percent of organic matters, 1.82 percent of total nitrogen, 5.67 percent of total phosphorus and 0.36 percent of total potassium through sampling detection. It can be seen that the organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus all remained at a higher level after 3 months of application, only the potash fertilizer was reduced to a greater extent. Therefore, the main function of adding the fire ash (or the fire soil) into the seedling substrate is to increase the potash fertilizer. If conditions allow, fire ash (or fire soil) can also be added into the water-retaining bonded nutrient soil.

The experimental results are shown in Table 4 and FIG. 5, and the results show that the fresh weight of the single plant without fertilization is 40.28g after 5 months of transplanting, the fresh weight of the single plant without fertilization is 88.95g after 1 time of fertilization, the fresh weight of the single plant without fertilization is 170.87g after 1 year of planting, and the fresh weight of the single plant with fertilization for 2 times is 355.27g. Compared with no fertilizer, the yield can be increased by about 1 time.

TABLE 4 influence of application of self-made slow-release fertilizers on plant growth

Example 5 experiment of Effect of different sunshading Rate and soil humidity on seedling growth

1. Experiment design:

The corydalis saxicola bunting is a negative plant, the plant growth is influenced by strong light, and the research is carried out in order to explore the sun shading condition which is most suitable for the plant growth. The experiment is designed with 4 illumination intensities, wherein the preset sunshade treatments are respectively L1-only covering film, L2-sunshade rate of about 50%, L3-sunshade rate of 70-80% and L4-sunshade rate of about 95%, and simultaneously 4 soil humidity conditions are designed for treatment, wherein the preset soil humidity treatments are respectively W1-soil humidity of about 30%, W2-soil humidity of about 50%, W3-soil humidity of about 70% and W4-soil humidity of water permeability.

2. Experimental procedure and experimental results:

and 4, building a simple small arch shed on the plots with relatively consistent conditions, covering the plots with films and preventing rain. The L1 area is covered with a film, and after the L2-L4 area is covered with the film, sunshade nets with different sunshade rates are covered. The illuminance of each area was measured by using a special An Si TA631A illuminometer, and the sunshade rate of each treatment was calculated. The sunshade rates calculated by actual measurement are 9.09% for L1, 50.30% for L2, 82.63% for L3 and 94.94% for L4.

In order to prevent the influence of ground weeds and soil humidity changes, a cement board is paved on the ground, and after seeds germinate, the bagged seedlings are directly placed on the cement board. The soil humidity of each treatment is measured every day, and the water spraying amount is adjusted according to the change of the soil humidity, so that the soil humidity of each treatment is maintained in a set numerical range as much as possible. The average soil humidity of each treatment was calculated from the soil humidity recorded every day to be 31.42% W1, 51.06% W2, 63.55% W3 and 77.80% W4, respectively.

The experimental period was 3 months, wherein W1L1 (i.e. soil humidity 31.42% and sunshade rate 9.09%) all died by day 9 of the experiment, W1L2 (i.e. soil humidity 31.42% and sunshade rate 50.30%) all died by day 21 of the experiment, and the remaining treatments were still viable plants at the end of the experiment. And at the end of the experiment, determining the survival rate, plant height, crown breadth, thick rhizome, main root length, fresh weight of a single plant, total alkaloid content and other data of each treatment. The results are shown in Table 5 and FIG. 6.

TABLE 5 effects of different sunshading rates and soil humidity on seedling growth

Table 5 and FIG. 6 show that the previous 3 treatments had a survival rate of 92.50% for W3L3 (i.e., soil moisture of 63.55% and sunshade rate of 82.63%), 81.08% for W4L3 (i.e., soil moisture of 77.80% and sunshade rate of 82.63%), and 78.95% for W4L2 (i.e., soil moisture of 77.80% and sunshade rate of 50.30%), respectively; the 3 treatments before the plant height are respectively W4L3 plant height 10.70cm, W3L3 plant height 10.50cm and W4L2 plant height 9.80cm, the 3 treatments before the plant height are respectively W4L3 crown width 12.93cm, W2L2 (namely, soil humidity is 51.06 percent and sunshade rate is 50.30 percent), crown width 12.47cm and W3L3 crown width 12.13cm, the 3 treatments before the root is W2L1 (namely, soil humidity is 51.06 percent and sunshade rate is 9.09 percent), the root is 4.40mm, W2L2 root is 4.06mm, W3L2 (namely, soil humidity is 63.55 percent and sunshade rate is 50.30 percent), the 3 treatments before the root length is 12.93cm, W3L2 main root length is 8.08cm, W4L3 main root length is 8.00cm, W3L1 (namely, soil humidity is 63.55 percent and sunshade rate is 9.09 percent), the total alkaloid content is 35.35.35.8.8 g, the total alkaloid content is 35.35.35 g, the total alkaloid content is 35.1.35.35 g, the total alkaloid content is 35.3.9.9.9 percent, the fresh root weight is 35.35.8.9.9 percent, the total alkaloid content is 35.9.9.9 percent, the fresh alkaloid content is 35 g.

The results of classifying and calculating the data of the same sunshade and soil humidity gradient show that the survival rate, plant height, crown length and single plant fresh weight of L3 (the sunshade rate is 82.63%) are the highest, the root length, main root length and total alkaloid content of L1 (the sunshade rate is 9.09%) are the highest, the survival rate, plant height and crown width of W4 (the soil humidity is 77.80%) are the highest in the aspect of soil humidity, the root length, main root length and total alkaloid content of W2 (the soil humidity is 51.06%) are the highest, and the single plant fresh weight of W3 (the soil humidity is 63.55%) is the highest.

The important parameters such as survival rate, thick rootstock, single plant weight, total alkaloid content and the like are comprehensively considered, the optimal sun shading rate is between L2 and L3, 60-80% is recommended, the optimal soil humidity is between W2 and W3, and 50-65% is recommended.

In summary, the invention aims at the difficult problems in the planting fields of karst areas such as small soil slope, steep water and soil loss, fertilizer leaching loss and the like, adopts special materials such as water-retaining agent, adhesive, lime and the like, adopts the technical methods of bag seedling non-bag removal planting, water-retaining adhesive nutrient soil covering, slow-release fertilizer bag fertilization method and the like, and provides the optimal planting environment condition. The application of the special material and the targeted technical method can greatly improve the planting survival rate of the corydalis saxicola bunting, shorten the production period, improve the yield and the quality of medicinal materials, and effectively reduce the water and soil loss and the fertilizer leaching phenomenon in the karst area. The technology of the invention can be applied to the fields of ecological restoration in karst stony desertification areas, regression and conservation of endangered plant corydalis saxicola bunting, industrialized development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like.

The foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock seam imitating wild species, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Sowing and raising seedlings, namely adding a water-retaining seedling raising matrix into a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag, sowing the treated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds into the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag in a spot sowing mode, soaking the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with water once after sowing, keeping the matrix moist, and keeping the sunshade rate at 60-70%;

(2) Transplanting, namely planting in a cloudy day or a small rainy day, planting the corydalis saxicola bunting seedlings and the non-woven fabric seedling bags in karst stone seams with the sun-shading rate of 60-80% in a mode of not taking off the bags, and covering proper amount of water-retaining and bonding nutrient soil at the bottom and around the bag seedlings during planting;

(3) Spraying water, namely spraying root fixing water after planting, and keeping the soil humidity to be 50-65%;

(4) And (3) fertilizing, namely filling the slow release fertilizer into a non-woven fabric bag to manufacture a slow release fertilizer bag, and fertilizing by adopting the slow release fertilizer bag 2 months after planting, wherein the slow release fertilizer bag is directly placed at an uphill position beside a plant during fertilizing, so that the fertilizer is slowly released in the process of raining or water spraying.

2. The method for simulating wild planting of corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock joints according to claim 1, wherein the specification of the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag is 9 x 9cm.

3. The method for planting the corydalis saxicola bunting in the karst rock seam imitating wild species according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining seedling-raising matrix is prepared from water-retaining agent, lime, fire ash, sawdust, perlite, river sand, organic fertilizer and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1.4:5.6:10:12:12:23:35.

4. The method for planting the corydalis saxicola bunting in the karst rock seam imitating wild species according to claim 1, wherein the method for treating the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds is characterized in that the corydalis saxicola bunting seeds are mixed with clean river sand and water according to the volume ratio of 1:10:3, are filled in a non-woven bag, and are placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of 4 ℃ for refrigerating for 60 days, and the seeds are kept moist during the period.

5. The method for planting the corydalis saxicola bunting in the karst rock seam imitation wild type according to claim 1 is characterized in that the specific operation of sowing in the step (1) is that dry river sand, sawdust and fire ash are adopted to be mixed and screened according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed seed matrix, the treated corydalis saxicola bunting seeds and the mixed seed matrix are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 4-5 corydalis saxicola bunting seeds in each 5ml mixed seed matrix to obtain a sowing matrix, the sowing matrix is sown into a non-woven fabric seedling bag filled with a water retention seedling matrix in a spot sowing mode, each non-woven fabric seedling bag seeding ml sowing matrix is adopted, and then a layer of sawdust with the thickness of 5mm is scattered on the surface to cover.

6. A method of simulating wild planting of corydalis saxicola bunting in a lithotomy as claimed in any one of claims 3 or 5, wherein the fire ash is replaced by fire earth.

7. The method for simulating wild planting of corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock joints according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining and binding nutrient soil in the step (2) is prepared from compound fertilizer, adhesive, water-retaining agent, lime, organic fertilizer and soil according to a volume ratio of 0.5:0.6:1:1.4:30:66.5.

8. The method for simulating wild planting of corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock joints according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining and binding nutrient soil is used in an amount of 0.5-0.8L/plant.

9. The method for imitating wild species of corydalis saxicola bunting in a karst stone seam according to claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric bag used for manufacturing the slow release fertilizer bag is a non-woven fabric seedling raising bag with the length of 10 x 12 cm.

10. The method for planting corydalis saxicola bunting in karst rock joints in a wild-like manner, according to claim 1, wherein the slow-release fertilizer is prepared from compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 1:5.