CN119972713A - Recycling methods for photovoltaic modules - Google Patents
Recycling methods for photovoltaic modules Download PDFInfo
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- CN119972713A CN119972713A CN202311661999.XA CN202311661999A CN119972713A CN 119972713 A CN119972713 A CN 119972713A CN 202311661999 A CN202311661999 A CN 202311661999A CN 119972713 A CN119972713 A CN 119972713A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光伏组件的回收方法，光伏组件包括有机包裹层、玻璃、边框以及接线盒，回收方法包括下列的步驟：识别边框尺寸以及定位边框；定位接线盒；拆除接线盒，形成包括边框、玻璃以及有机包裹层的第一拆解部件；拆除边框，形成包括玻璃以及有机包裹层的第二拆解部件；采用钝角铣刀拆除玻璃，得到有机包裹层；无氧低温热解有机包裹层，得到气态组分以及固态组分；冷凝或换热冷却气态组分，得到液态组分；换热冷却固态组分；依气态组分、液态组分以及固态组分性质分别收集。如此，可以加快光伏组件回收速度、提高光伏组件中各组分的回收率，实现零排放，具有一定的推广价值。The invention discloses a method for recycling photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic modules include an organic wrapping layer, glass, a frame and a junction box, and the recycling method includes the following steps: identifying the frame size and positioning the frame; positioning the junction box; removing the junction box to form a first disassembly component including the frame, glass and the organic wrapping layer; removing the frame to form a second disassembly component including the glass and the organic wrapping layer; removing the glass using an obtuse milling cutter to obtain the organic wrapping layer; anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis of the organic wrapping layer to obtain a gaseous component and a solid component; condensing or heat-exchanging cooling the gaseous component to obtain a liquid component; heat-exchanging cooling the solid component; collecting the gaseous component, the liquid component and the solid component separately according to their properties. In this way, the recycling speed of photovoltaic modules can be accelerated, the recycling rate of each component in the photovoltaic modules can be improved, zero emission can be achieved, and it has certain promotion value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cell assemblies, in particular to a recovery method of a photovoltaic assembly.
Background
The recycling of resources is an important means for realizing carbon emission reduction. Under the background of carbon-to-peak carbon neutralization, the country has issued various policies to bring the secondary utilization of photovoltaic modules and power cells into the national key development direction. The project is based on the technological innovation planning in the double-carbon target and energy field, and the technology of recycling and regenerating the focused photovoltaic module and the power battery breaks through the technology of on-site disassembly and recycling of the photovoltaic module and the technology and equipment for safely and echelonly utilizing the optical storage, and mainly solves the problems of on-site low-cost disassembly and harmless recycling of the photovoltaic module, secondary safety utilization of the power battery and AI intelligent detection and monitoring technology, and development of green packaging materials, and green manufacturing and harmless recycling of the photovoltaic module are realized from the source of products.
The photovoltaic module is a device capable of converting solar energy into electric energy, and comprises a frame, a junction box, a back plate (or a glass substrate), an organic adhesive layer (EVA or POE and the like), a battery piece layer, an encapsulation adhesive film (EVA or POE and the like) and a glass substrate which are sequentially laminated from bottom to top. Wherein, each component material such as silicon, aluminum, silver, copper and the like in the glass substrate, the backboard and the battery slice layer can be recycled through recycling.
At present, when the photovoltaic module is recovered, one is to utilize an incinerator to incinerate the crushed photovoltaic module so as to separate and recover the battery piece, the glass and the welding strip, and the other is to place the photovoltaic module in a container containing inorganic acid or organic acid solution to dissolve an organic adhesive film in the photovoltaic module so as to separate and recover the battery piece and the glass. The products obtained by adopting the incinerator are crushed glass and crushed battery pieces, so that the screening and separation are difficult, a great amount of labor and material resource cost is wasted, the separation has larger material loss, the full recycling of valuable materials can not be realized, the recycling period is long when the container containing the acid solution is used for recycling, more than about one week is needed, and the later-stage waste liquid treatment is difficult.
Therefore, how to increase the recovery rate and the recovery rate of each component in the photovoltaic module should be a great concern to those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a recovery method of a photovoltaic module, which is used for accelerating the recovery speed of the photovoltaic module and improving the recovery rate of each component in the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises an organic wrapping layer, glass, a frame and a junction box, and the recycling method comprises the following steps of:
Identifying the size of the frame and positioning the frame;
positioning the junction box;
dismantling the junction box to form a first dismantling part comprising a frame, glass and an organic wrapping layer;
dismantling the frame to form a second dismantling part comprising glass and an organic wrapping layer;
removing the glass by adopting an obtuse angle milling cutter to obtain an organic coating;
the organic coating layer is pyrolyzed under oxygen-free low temperature to obtain a gaseous component and a solid component;
condensing or exchanging heat to cool the gaseous component to obtain a liquid component;
heat exchange cooling the solid components;
is collected according to the properties of the gaseous component, the liquid component and the solid component.
Preferably, the second disassembling part is preheated before the glass is disassembled using the obtuse angle milling cutter.
Preferably, after preheating the second disassembled part, the glass is broken.
Preferably, the organic coating is broken to obtain fragments of the organic coating before the organic coating is pyrolyzed at a low temperature without oxygen.
Preferably, the organic coating fragments are less than 5cm by 5cm in size.
Preferably, when the organic coating layer is pyrolyzed at the low temperature without oxygen, the temperature range of the pyrolysis at the low temperature without oxygen is 300-450 ℃.
Further, the liquid component is a bio-oil.
Further, the solid components include carbon black, silicon cell, metal, and residual glass.
Preferably, the solid components are sieved using a rectilinear sieve to obtain carbon black and a second solid component comprising silicon cell, metal and residual glass.
Preferably, the second solid component is sieved using a gravity sieve to obtain a silicon cell.
Preferably, eddy currents or static electricity are used to separate the second solid component, resulting in metal and residual glass.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the invention, a mode of combining mechanical disassembly and anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis is adopted, so that each component in the photovoltaic module can be fully recovered, corresponding recovery modes are designed for each component, the recovery rate of each component is obviously improved, the waste of organic components such as packaging adhesive films in the traditional recovery mode is avoided, the tedious process of recovering or extracting each inorganic component is avoided, and the recovery speed is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a recovery method of a photovoltaic module, which comprises an organic wrapping layer, glass, a frame and a junction box, and comprises the following steps of:
Identifying the size of the frame and positioning the frame;
positioning the junction box;
dismantling the junction box to form a first dismantling part comprising a frame, glass and an organic wrapping layer;
dismantling the frame to form a second dismantling part comprising glass and an organic wrapping layer;
removing the glass by adopting an obtuse angle milling cutter to obtain an organic coating;
the organic coating layer is pyrolyzed under oxygen-free low temperature to obtain a gaseous component and a solid component;
condensing or exchanging heat to cool the gaseous component to obtain a liquid component;
heat exchange cooling the solid components;
is collected according to the properties of the gaseous component, the liquid component and the solid component.
In some embodiments, a visual recognition system is employed to automatically recognize the bezel size, position the bezel, and position the junction box. The size of automatic discernment of visual recognition system is greater than 1950x992mm (LxW), can realize the accurate location to the terminal box, and intelligence snatchs and demolishs, and the terminal box that demolishs shifts to terminal box collection station through snatching the mechanism. The frame position can also be automatically identified, the frame is removed through mechanical clamping mechanical force, and the removed frame is transferred to the frame collecting station through the grabbing mechanism.
In some embodiments, the glass on the second disassembled part is removed from the second disassembled part using an obtuse angle milling cutter, and the removed glass is collected. In some embodiments, in order to accelerate the removal speed of the glass, the second disassembling part needs to be preheated, and the preheating temperature is controlled to be 90-150 ℃ so as to soften the packaging adhesive film in the second disassembling part, thereby reducing the bonding strength of the packaging adhesive film to the glass and removing the glass from the second disassembling part more quickly. In some embodiments, in addition to preheating the second disassembled part, the glass on the preheated second disassembled part is broken, for example by rolling. Because the existence of encapsulation glued membrane and welding area (including the busbar) in the organic parcel layer, the second of this moment is disassembled the part and still is presented to be the slice, and has the space between the broken glass piece that forms after the glass breakage, makes things convenient for obtuse angle milling cutter to go deep into the space, can be more quick with glass follow the second disassemble the part and dismantle.
Anaerobic pyrolysis refers to continuous and dynamic low temperature pyrolysis in an anaerobic environment. In some embodiments, before the organic coating is pyrolyzed under anaerobic low temperature, the organic coating is crushed to obtain organic coating fragments, so that the organic coating fragments are pyrolyzed under anaerobic low temperature in dynamic equipment rotating at a constant speed, and the pyrolysis process is heated uniformly and rapidly. The way of breaking the organic coating includes extrusion shearing, roll milling. Preferably, the size of the organic coating chips is less than 5cm×5cm, so that the organic coating chips can be pyrolyzed more rapidly and uniformly, and the components in the organic coating chips can be separated from each other more sufficiently, which is beneficial to improving the recovery rate of the components.
In some embodiments, the organic coating or fragments of the organic coating are placed in a closed anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis furnace, the temperature range of anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis is 300-450 ℃, and the gaseous component and the solid component are obtained after anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis. In the process of oxygen-free low-temperature pyrolysis of the organic coating fragments, the organic macromolecule chain segments are broken to form pyrolysis gas and carbon black, so that metals, silicon battery pieces and residual glass on the surfaces of the organic coating or the organic coating fragments are separated. Further, the gaseous components are cooled by condensing or heat exchanging cooling, and the components with higher boiling points in the gaseous components are cooled into liquid components, wherein the liquid components are biological oil. The lower boiling components of the gaseous components are collected or combusted separately to provide heat to the oxygen-free low temperature pyrolysis furnace. And meanwhile, cooling the solid component by heat exchange cooling to ensure that the temperature of the cooled solid component is less than or equal to 75 ℃. The solid components include carbon black, metal, silicon cell and residual glass, and further screening is required to separate the components one by one. The residual glass is glass slag adhered to the surface of the organic coating or partially embedded into the organic coating in the process of removing the glass by adopting the obtuse angle milling cutter, and the glass slag is not completely removed by the obtuse angle milling cutter, so that a small amount of residual glass is attached when the organic coating enters the anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis furnace. Preferably, the solid component is sieved using a straight screen to obtain carbon black and a second solid component comprising silicon cell, metal and residual glass. Preferably, the second solid component is sieved using a gravity sieve to obtain a silicon cell. Preferably, eddy currents or static electricity are used to separate the second solid component, resulting in metal and residual glass.
In some embodiments, the removal of the junction box, bezel, and glass is performed at the photovoltaic power plant, i.e., the photovoltaic module is removed from the photovoltaic power plant system, and is immediately disassembled in situ. Thus avoiding the transportation procedure and improving the recovery speed. And (3) transporting and concentrating the organic coating obtained after the photovoltaic module is mechanically disassembled to one place, and carrying out concentrated anaerobic low-temperature pyrolysis. The volume and weight of the organic coating can be reduced greatly compared with a photovoltaic module just detached from the photovoltaic power station system, and the organic coating transported at one time can be increased greatly, so that the recovery speed is improved. The organic coating layer is subjected to concentrated continuous pyrolysis, so that the products after pyrolysis are concentrated, classified and recycled, and the method is more environment-friendly.
None of the inventions are related to the same or are capable of being practiced in the prior art. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311486234 | 2023-11-09 | ||
| CN2023114862347 | 2023-11-09 |
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| CN119972713A true CN119972713A (en) | 2025-05-13 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119951839A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2025-05-09 | 上海海优威新材料股份有限公司 | A method for recycling photovoltaic modules |
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| CN115488130A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-20 | 常州工学院 | Decommissioning photovoltaic module disassembling method based on low-temperature pyrolysis |
| WO2023163246A1 (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-08-31 | 주식회사 씨엠코이엔지 | Solar cell panel recycling method |
| CN116673309A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-09-01 | 杰瑞环保科技有限公司 | Recovery system and recovery method for photovoltaic cell assembly |
| CN116851403A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-10-10 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A method and system for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules |
| CN116871289A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-13 | 杰瑞环保科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic backsheet removal equipment and photovoltaic cell module recycling system |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN114410320A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-29 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of decommissioned photovoltaic module pyrolysis treatment synergistic full component recovery method and system |
| WO2023163246A1 (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-08-31 | 주식회사 씨엠코이엔지 | Solar cell panel recycling method |
| CN115488130A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-20 | 常州工学院 | Decommissioning photovoltaic module disassembling method based on low-temperature pyrolysis |
| CN116851403A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-10-10 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A method and system for recycling and processing waste photovoltaic modules |
| CN116673309A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-09-01 | 杰瑞环保科技有限公司 | Recovery system and recovery method for photovoltaic cell assembly |
| CN116871289A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-13 | 杰瑞环保科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic backsheet removal equipment and photovoltaic cell module recycling system |
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| CN119951839A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2025-05-09 | 上海海优威新材料股份有限公司 | A method for recycling photovoltaic modules |
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