Microwave and steam continuous treatment process for medical waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical waste treatment, in particular to a continuous treatment process for medical waste by microwave and steam.
Background
Medical waste, which refers to waste generated by medical and health institutions in related activities, which is directly or indirectly hazardous. Common medical waste mainly comprises infectious waste, pathological waste, injury waste, medicinal waste and chemical waste, and if the medical waste is improperly treated, the medical waste occupies land resources, and a large amount of toxic waste residues and waste liquid pollute water and soil, generate harmful gas and pollute the atmosphere. Medical care clearing personnel are more potential hazards of secondary pollution in the conveying process. Therefore, medical waste needs to be disinfected to avoid polluting the external environment.
In the prior art, although corresponding medical waste treatment devices can be used for sterilizing and disinfecting medical waste, the device is small in size, a large amount of medical waste is difficult to treat at one time, the treatment speed is low, the energy consumption is high, the degree of automation is low, and when the device is used for treating serious public medical dangerous cases such as epidemic prevention and control, the device is weak. Meanwhile, according to the prior data, the prior treatment technology only has high-temperature steam treatment and microwave treatment technology without secondary pollution, but the high-temperature steam treatment has high labor intensity, and the microwave technology mainly depends on import, and the economy of the two technologies is poor, so the application develops the continuous treatment type microwave and steam treatment technology to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a continuous treatment process for medical waste by microwave and steam.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment process comprises the following process steps:
s1, conveying, namely conveying medical waste to a crushing system from a feeding system through a lifting machine for crushing;
S2, crushing, wherein a crushing system adopts a two-stage low-speed shearing crushing machine to crush medical waste, and the crushed medical waste is conveyed to a sterilization system by a conveying system for sterilization treatment;
s3, when the medical waste reaches a sterilization system, starting a steam generator and a microwave generator, introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the sterilization bin, enabling water molecules in the sterilization bin to rapidly move by microwaves to raise the temperature, keeping the pressure in the sterilization bin at 200kpa, keeping the temperature at 140 ℃, and keeping the sterilization process for five minutes;
S4, exhausting, namely starting a circulating air pump to pump out harmful gas in a sterilizing bin in the sterilizing process, conveying the harmful gas to a cooler for condensation treatment, purifying the harmful gas through a biological filter and a deodorizing filter, and finally discharging the harmless gas into the air;
S5, checking, namely discharging medical waste to the outside of a sterilization bin through a discharge pipe after sterilization is completed, sampling and detecting by a worker, comparing the medical waste with a sample before sterilization, checking the detection result and recording;
The treatment equipment used in the treatment process of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment process comprises a feeding system, a crushing system, a conveying system and a sterilizing system which are sequentially connected, wherein the sterilizing system comprises an outer shell, an upper fixing plate is fixedly arranged above the inside of the outer shell, a lower fixing plate is fixedly arranged below the inside of the outer shell, a sterilizing bin is formed between the lower fixing plate and the upper fixing plate, a steam generator, a microwave generator and a circulating air pump are respectively arranged on one side of the outer shell, the steam generator, the microwave generator and the circulating air pump are all communicated with the inside of the sterilizing bin, and a discharging assembly is arranged below the lower fixing plate.
Preferably, a feeding pipe communicated with the inside of the feeding pipe is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper end of the outer shell, the lower end of the feeding pipe penetrates through the upper fixing plate, the upper end of the feeding pipe is communicated with the output end of the conveying system, and a sealing device is arranged on the feeding pipe.
Preferably, the lower extreme intermediate position department fixed mounting of lower fixed plate has the motor, the output key-type connection of motor has the pivot, the upper end intermediate position department fixed mounting of lower fixed plate has the fixed block, the upper end of pivot rotates in proper order and runs through lower fixed plate and fixed block, the top and the last fixed plate rotation of pivot are connected, fixed mounting has the spliced pole on the one section that the pivot is located the sterilization storehouse, spliced pole lower extreme and fixed block surface rotation contact, the cavity has been seted up to spliced pole below, the inside stirring subassembly that is provided with of cavity.
Preferably, the stirring assembly comprises a bevel gear fixedly arranged at the upper end of the fixed block, the bevel gear is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, bevel gears which are positioned inside the cavity and are in meshed connection with the bevel gears are arranged on two sides of the bevel gear, and one end, away from the bevel gears, of the bevel gears is fixedly connected with a fixed column after rotating to penetrate through the side wall of the rotating column.
Preferably, rubber strips are uniformly distributed on the surface of the fixed column.
Preferably, the output of steam generator is connected with the trachea, the one end that steam generator was kept away from to the trachea runs through the shell body in proper order and goes up the fixed plate after with the inside air tank rotation intercommunication of seting up of pivot, install two sets of stirring subassembly on the rotor post lateral wall, two sets of stirring subassembly set up about the pivot symmetry, be connected with the hose between air tank and the stirring subassembly.
Preferably, the stirring assembly comprises an electric sliding block which is slidably mounted on the side wall of the rotating column, the working end of the electric sliding block is fixedly connected with a stirring plate, an air chamber is arranged below the inner part of the stirring plate, the air tank is communicated with the air chamber through a hose, a plurality of extrusion plates are mounted on one side of the stirring plate along the rotating direction, the extrusion plates are in sealing sliding connection with the air chamber, springs are fixedly connected between the extrusion plates and the inner wall of the stirring plate, and a steam conveying assembly is arranged between the extrusion plates and the air chamber.
Preferably, the steam delivery assembly comprises a conical column fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the stirring plate, a conical groove corresponding to the position of the conical column is formed in the extruding plate in a penetrating manner, the widest part of the conical column is in sealing sliding connection with the narrowest part of the conical groove, and a filter screen is detachably mounted at the widest part of the conical groove.
Preferably, the stirring plate is fixedly provided with the hydraulic cylinder on the inner wall, the hydraulic cylinder is internally and hermetically connected with the pushing column, one end of the pushing column, which is far away from the hydraulic cylinder, is fixedly connected with the extruding plate, the stirring plate is provided with the sliding groove above, the sliding groove is internally and hermetically provided with the plurality of reflecting plates, the reflecting plates and the extruding plates have the same number and are in one-to-one correspondence in position, the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly provided with an oil conveying pipe communicated with the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder, and one end of the oil conveying pipe, which is far away from the hydraulic cylinder, is communicated with the inside of the sliding groove.
Preferably, the discharging assembly comprises a discharging opening formed in a lower fixing plate, a discharging pipe connected with the discharging opening is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the lower fixing plate, an electric control valve is arranged on the discharging pipe, and the lower end of the discharging pipe penetrates through the outer shell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. According to the application, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is introduced into the sterilization bin through the steam generator, and then microwaves are generated by the microwave generator to enable water molecules in the sterilization bin to rapidly move and rise in temperature, so that the sterilization bin is kept in a high-temperature and high-pressure state, bacteria in medical wastes are sterilized, the pressure in the sterilization bin is kept at 200kpa, the temperature is kept at 140 ℃, the whole sterilization process lasts for five minutes, and compared with the prior art, the medical wastes can be fully sterilized.
2. According to the application, through the arrangement of the rotating shaft, the bevel gear, the fixed column, the rubber strip and the like, when the motor runs, the fixed column can be driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, the bevel gear and the like and revolve along with the rotating shaft, so that the rubber strip can push and stir medical wastes, and then stir the medical wastes to the upper part of the material, so that the medical wastes of metal materials are deposited below the whole material, and the medical wastes of plastic materials are deposited above the whole material.
3. Because the quantity of medical wastes is different in each treatment, the application adopts the arrangement of the electric sliding block, the stirring plate, the air chamber, the extrusion plate and the like, when the medical wastes in the sterilization bin are more, the inward sliding distance of the extrusion plate is larger, so that when the medical wastes in the sterilization bin are more, the steam which can pass through the conical groove is more, the quantity of the medical wastes is in a proportional relation with the steam content, the steam in the sterilization bin can be kept at a proper content, the low sterilization effect caused by insufficient steam is avoided, and the recovery of the subsequent medical wastes is influenced by excessive temperature caused by excessive steam.
4. According to the application, through the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder, the pushing column, the reflecting plate and the like, microwaves are reflected back and forth between the surface of the reflecting plate and metal medical wastes, so that the reflection path of the microwaves is reduced, the microwaves rapidly sterilize the plastic medical wastes above, and on the other hand, the pushing column is driven to synchronously move when the extruding plate slides, hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder can push the reflecting plate at the moment, the reflecting plate further slides upwards along the inner wall of the stirring plate, and at the moment, the position of the reflecting plate is raised, and the phenomenon that the reflecting path between the reflecting plate and the metal medical wastes is influenced due to excessively high accumulation caused by excessive quantity of medical wastes is avoided.
In summary, according to the application, a proper amount of high-temperature steam can be injected into the sterilization bin according to the different amounts of medical waste, and the sterilization bin can be kept in a high-temperature and high-pressure state under the cooperation of microwaves emitted by the microwave generator, so that bacteria in the medical waste are sterilized, the equipment stability is good, the damage caused by cold and hot shock is avoided, the problems of extremely small processing capacity, high energy consumption, large leakage amount and the like caused by the prior intermittent processing are solved, and the processing capacity of the equipment on the same scale is more than 5 times that of the prior equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a sterilization system of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device provided by the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a sterilization cabin of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment equipment provided by the invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a semi-sectional axial measurement structure of a rotating column and a fixed column of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment equipment provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of bevel gears and bevel gear structures of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment equipment provided by the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a semi-sectional axial measurement structure of an agitating plate of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device provided by the invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional side-view axial measurement structure of an agitating plate of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device provided by the invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a semi-sectional axial measurement structure of an agitating plate and an extruding plate of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device provided by the invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a movable extrusion plate of the microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device according to the present invention.
The drawing shows that the device comprises a feeding system, a crushing system 11, a conveying system 12, a sterilizing system 2, a steam generator 21, a microwave generator 22, a circulating air pump 23, a sterilizing cabin 3, a feeding pipe 31, a closing device 32, an upper fixing plate 33, a lower fixing plate 34, a discharging pipe 35, an electric control valve 36, a motor 4, a rotating shaft 41, an air groove 42, an air pipe 43, a rotating column 44, a fixing block 45, a bevel gear 46, a bevel gear 47, a bevel gear 48, a fixing column 49, a rubber strip 5, a stirring plate 51, an electric sliding block 511 hose, an air chamber 52, a squeezing plate 53, a filter screen 531, a spring 54, a conical column 55, a conical groove 56, a hydraulic cylinder 57, a pushing column 58 and a reflecting plate 59.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, a microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment device comprises a feeding system 1, a crushing system 11, a conveying system 12 and a sterilizing system 2, wherein the feeding system 1, the crushing system 11 and the conveying system 12 are all of the prior art, the specific structural design is not described herein, the crushing system 11 adopts a two-stage low-speed shearing crushing machine, and the feeding system 1, the crushing system 11, the conveying system 12 and the sterilizing system 2 are sequentially connected.
The sterilization system 2 comprises an outer shell, an upper fixing plate 33 is fixedly arranged above the inner part of the outer shell, a feeding pipe 31 communicated with the inner part of the outer shell is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper end of the outer shell, the lower end of the feeding pipe 31 penetrates through the upper fixing plate 33, the upper end of the feeding pipe 31 is communicated with the output end of the conveying system 12, a sealing device 32 is arranged on the feeding pipe 31, and the sealing device 32 is used for controlling the opening or closing of the feeding pipe 31 in the prior art.
A lower fixing plate 34 is fixedly arranged below the inner part of the shell, a sterilizing bin 3 is formed between the lower fixing plate 34 and the upper fixing plate 33, a motor 4 is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the lower end of the lower fixing plate 34, the output end of the motor 4 is connected with a rotating shaft 41 in a key manner, a fixing block 45 is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the upper end of the lower fixing plate 34, the upper end of the rotating shaft 41 sequentially rotates to penetrate through the lower fixing plate 34 and the fixing block 45, the top end of the rotating shaft 41 is rotationally connected with the upper fixing plate 33, a rotating column 44 is fixedly arranged on one section of the rotating shaft 41 positioned in the sterilizing bin 3, the lower end of the rotating column 44 is rotationally contacted with the surface of the fixing block 45, a cavity is formed below the rotating column 44, bevel gear 47 sleeved outside the rotating shaft 41 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the fixing block 45, bevel gears 46 which are positioned inside the cavity and are in meshed connection with the bevel gears 47 are respectively arranged at two sides of the bevel gears, one end of each bevel gear 46, which is far away from the bevel gears 47 is rotationally penetrated through the side wall of the rotating column 44, a fixing column 48 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bevel gears 48, and rubber strips 49 are uniformly distributed on the surface of the fixing column 48. So that the motor 4 can drive the fixed column 48 to rotate through the rotating shaft 41, the bevel gear 46, the bevel gear 47 and the like and simultaneously revolve along with the rotating shaft 41 when running, thereby the rubber strip 49 can push and stir medical wastes.
The steam generator 21, the microwave generator 22 and the circulating air pump 23 are respectively arranged on one side of the outer shell, the output end of the steam generator 21 is connected with the air pipe 43, one end, far away from the steam generator 21, of the air pipe 43 sequentially penetrates through the outer shell and the upper fixing plate 33 and then is in rotary communication with the air groove 42 formed in the rotary shaft 41, two groups of electric sliding blocks 51 are slidably mounted on the side wall of the rotary column 44 and symmetrically arranged relative to the rotary shaft 41, the working ends of the two groups of electric sliding blocks 51 are fixedly connected with the stirring plate 5, the air chamber 52 is formed below the inner part of the stirring plate 5, and the air groove 42 is communicated with the air chamber 52 through the hose 511, so that steam generated by the steam generator 21 can sequentially enter the air chamber 52 through the air pipe 43, the air groove 42 and the hose 511. The working end of the microwave generator 22 extends into the sterilizing chamber 3 inside the outer shell, and the input end of the circulating air pump 23 is communicated with the inside of the sterilizing chamber 3.
The stirring board 5 is installed a plurality of squeeze boards 53 along direction of rotation one side, squeeze board 53 and air chamber 52 sealing sliding connection, fixedly connected with spring 54 between squeeze board 53 and the stirring board 5 inner wall, fixedly mounted has toper post 55 and hydraulic cylinder 57 on the stirring board 5 inner wall, the inside toper groove 56 corresponding with toper post 55 position of running through of squeeze board 53, toper post 55 is located the toper inslot 56, and the widest department of toper post 55 and the narrowest department sealing sliding connection of toper groove 56, the filter screen 531 is installed to the detachable of toper groove 56, hydraulic cylinder 57 inside sealing sliding connection has push post 58, the one end that push post 58 kept away from hydraulic cylinder 57 and squeeze board 53 fixed connection, the sliding tray has been seted up to stirring board 5 top, the inside sealing sliding mounting of sliding tray has a plurality of reflecting plates 59, reflecting plate 59 and squeeze board 53 quantity and position one-to-one, hydraulic cylinder 57 upper end fixed with the oil delivery pipe with its inside intercommunication, the one end that the oil delivery pipe kept away from hydraulic cylinder 57 communicates with the sliding tray inside.
The lower fixed plate 34 is provided with a discharging hole, the lower end of the lower fixed plate 34 is fixedly provided with a discharging pipe 35 connected with the discharging hole, the discharging pipe 35 is provided with an electric control valve 36, the electric control valve 36 is of the prior art, the specific structural design of the electric control valve 36 is not repeated here and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the discharging pipe 35, and the lower end of the discharging pipe 35 penetrates through the outer shell, so that the medical waste after disinfection is discharged.
A microwave and steam medical waste continuous treatment process mainly comprises the following process steps:
s1, conveying, namely conveying medical waste from a feeding system 1 to a crushing system 2 through a lifter for crushing;
s2, crushing, wherein a crushing system 2 adopts a two-stage low-speed shearing crushing machine to crush medical waste, and the crushed medical waste is conveyed to a sterilization system by a conveying system 12 for sterilization treatment;
S3, when the medical waste reaches the sterilization system 2, starting the steam generator 21 and the microwave generator 22, introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam into the sterilization bin 3, enabling water molecules in the sterilization bin 3to rapidly move by microwaves to raise the temperature, keeping the pressure in the sterilization bin 3 at 200kpa, keeping the temperature at 140 ℃, and keeping the sterilization process for five minutes;
S4, exhausting, namely starting a circulating air pump 23 to pump out harmful gas in the sterilizing bin 3 in the sterilizing process, conveying the harmful gas to a cooler for condensation treatment, purifying the harmful gas through a biological filter and a deodorizing filter, and finally discharging the harmless gas into the air;
S5, checking, namely discharging medical waste to the outside of the sterilization bin 3 through the discharging pipe 35 after sterilization is completed, sampling and detecting by a worker, comparing the medical waste with a sample before sterilization, checking the detection result and recording.
The specific working principle of the invention is that after medical waste enters the sterilization bin 3, the motor 4 is started, the output end of the motor 4 drives the rotating shaft 41 to rotate, the rotating shaft 41 rotates to drive the rotating column 44 to rotate along the surface of the fixed block 45, the rotating column 44 rotates to drive the bevel gear 46 to synchronously move, the bevel gear 46 is meshed with the bevel gear 47, at the moment, the bevel gear 46 rotates along the surface of the bevel gear 47, the rotating column 44 drives the bevel gear 46 to rotate along the axis of the rotating shaft 41, the bevel gear 46 rotates along the axis of the bevel gear 46, when the fixed column 48 revolves along the axis of the rotating column 44, the fixed column 48 rotates along the axis of the bevel gear 46, and then the rubber strip 49 rotates while the rubber strip 49 revolves, at the moment, the rubber strip 49 pushes and stirs medical waste, and the rubber strip 49 is made of rubber, and then the medical waste is broken due to the fact that the rubber strip 49 is made of the rubber material in the process of metal material, the medical waste material (such as a scalpel and a scrap piece) can not deform when the rubber strip 49 is heavier, and the medical waste material can not be stirred from the lower to the upper side, and the plastic material can not be stirred up from the lower side to the upper side, and the whole is deposited on the broken system of the broken plastic material can not be broken, and the broken material is completely and the broken when the waste material is completely broken into the waste material is a broken system is a waste material, and the waste material is deposited on the transfusion system when the waste material is completely and the waste material is completely is broken when the waste material is a needle is completely is broken.
After the materials are separated, the steam generator 21 and the microwave generator 22 are started, steam is conveyed into the air groove 42 formed in the rotating shaft 41 by the steam generator 21 through the air pipe 43, the steam enters the hose 511 along the air groove 42, then enters the air chamber 52 formed in the stirring plate 5 through the hose 511, the electric sliding block 51 is started to slide downwards along the inner wall of the rotating column 44, the electric sliding block 51 slides to drive the stirring plate 5 to synchronously move, the stirring plate 5 moves downwards to be in contact with medical wastes, the stirring plate 5 stirs the medical wastes, the medical wastes can squeeze the squeezing plate 53 on the stirring plate 5, the squeezing plate 53 slides inwards from outside to squeeze the spring 54 along the inner wall of the stirring plate 5, the conical groove 56 is changed into an open state from a closed state by the sliding of the squeezing plate 53, and the steam in the air chamber 52 is discharged to the bottom of the medical wastes through the conical groove 56 by the filter screen 531, and the medical wastes at the bottom are sterilized by the steam. Along with the continuous rotation of the stirring plate 5, medical waste can be piled up on the surface of the stirring plate 5 in the rotation direction, the rotation of the stirring plate 5 is stopped at the moment, and the microwave generator 22 is started at the same time, so that the microwave generator 22 emits microwaves to carry out microwave sterilization on the plastic medical waste at the upper end, as the metal medical waste at the bottom can reflect the microwaves, part of the microwaves can reach the surface of the reflecting plate 59 when being reflected by the metal medical waste, the reflecting plate 59 can reflect the microwaves again, so that the microwaves are reflected back and forth between the surface of the reflecting plate 59 and the metal medical waste, the microwave reflection path is reduced, the microwaves can rapidly sterilize the plastic medical waste above, meanwhile, the microwaves which are not reflected by the reflecting plate 59 can raise the temperature of water molecules in the sterilizing bin 3, the whole high-temperature and high-pressure environment can be maintained in the sterilizing bin 3, and the sterilizing effect is improved.
Because the quantity of medical wastes is different at every turn, when the medical wastes content in entering the sterilization bin 3 is more, the inward sliding distance of the extrusion plate 53 is larger, and at this time, because the slope of the conical groove 56 is the same as that of the conical column 55, when the medical wastes in the sterilization bin 3 are more, the steam which can be passed through by the conical groove 56 is more, and the quantity of the medical wastes is in a proportional relation with the steam content, so that the steam in the sterilization bin 3 can keep proper content, the low sterilization effect caused by insufficient steam is avoided, and the excessive steam causes too high temperature to influence the recovery of the subsequent medical wastes. Meanwhile, the extruding plate 53 can drive the pushing post 58 to synchronously move when sliding, the pushing post 58 can extrude the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 57, at the moment, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 57 can generate thrust to the reflecting plate 59, so that the reflecting plate 59 can slide upwards along the inner wall of the stirring plate 5, at the moment, the position of the reflecting plate 59 is raised, and the phenomenon that the reflecting path between the reflecting plate 59 and the medical waste made of metal materials is influenced due to excessively high accumulation caused by excessive medical waste is avoided.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.