CN1204005C - Notebook processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to raise reliability of page turning performance in a booklet handling device. In the booklet handling device, page turning rollers 162a and 162b have tapered forms. The page turning rollers 162a and 162b having a small inner diameter and a large outer diameter are fixed to a rotary shaft 30. Their turning powers 50a and 50b developing during their rotation tilt obliquely sideward to the free ends to the opening and closing directions of a bandbook so as to act sideward to the free ends in order to avoid the stiffness resistance of a page.

Description

Handling device for this book

background of the invention

The present invention relates to a booklet processing device for processing booklets such as passbooks (books) used in automatic transaction processing devices. More specifically, it relates to a mechanism for turning pages of the booklet in the booklet processing device.

Background technique

In financial institutions and the like, automatic cash transaction processing devices (hereinafter referred to as ATMs: automatic teller machines) are used when users deposit and withdraw money. ATMs process various transactions using banknotes, passbooks, deposit slips, and the like.

In the device for handling passbooks, the device automatically turns pages as needed. A mechanism that rotates a page-turning roller and applies frictional force to a sheet is used to turn the page. When the pages are turned, sometimes the paper pages are wrinkled, raised, broken, etc. In addition, sometimes the problem of repeated page turning of multiple pages at a time occurs.

As a method for solving these problems, for example, the technology described in JP-A-8-267962 can be used. In this technique, there is disclosed a technique for removing wrinkles and bumps generated on paper sheets afterward by crimping and releasing rollers provided up and down the passbook conveyance path.

In addition, for example, the technique described in JP-A-2001-071664 can be used. In this technique, a technique is disclosed in which the page-turning roller is arranged so that the direction line of the page-turning force of the page-turning roller points to the diagonal direction of the book, so as to avoid repeated page turning.

However, in the prior art device, in the process of turning pages, it is impossible to fully avoid the occurrence of "wrinkles" and "sheet breaks" on the target page to be turned.

These problems also coexist when dealing with books and the like requiring page turning in scanners, facsimile machines, copiers, and the like.

Contents of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to suppress "wrinkling" and "breaking of the sheet" of the sheet to be turned during the page-turning process in these various booklet processing apparatuses.

The book processing device of the present invention capable of solving at least part of the above-mentioned problems includes: a transport mechanism for transporting the book, a page turning mechanism for turning pages of the book, and a drive unit for driving the page turning mechanism. Here, the aforementioned page-turning mechanism is provided with a plurality of page-turning rollers that apply a page-turning force to the direction of turning over the pages of the aforementioned book when rotating, and at least one of the page-turning rollers should be shaped and configured so that it can A page-turning force is applied with the aforementioned outside lateral component of the booklet.

The conveying mechanism can adopt various structures. For example, as a mechanism with relatively high conveyance accuracy, a mechanism in which the booklet is conveyed between a pair of rollers can be used. In addition, in the transport mechanism, it is preferable to provide a guide mechanism that prevents the booklet from shifting in a direction intersecting with the transport direction. consistent with each other. In addition, it is preferable that the conveying mechanism is provided with a detection unit that detects that the booklet has been conveyed to a predetermined position, and the conveyance is terminated at the predetermined position.

The page-turning mechanism is preferably not only provided with a page-turning roller, but also with a book fixing device. This prevents the booklet from shifting from a predetermined position when the force actually applied to the booklet when turning pages is stronger than a predetermined value. In addition, in the page turning roller, it is preferable to use a material with a high coefficient of friction for the frictional contact portion that contacts the booklet during page turning, and to use a sintered alloy such as iron for the metal core portion provided with the rotating shaft fitting portion. In this way, when conveying, it is the metal core that is in contact with the booklet, which can limit the friction to the extent that there is no hindrance, and when turning pages, the frictional contact part can use the appropriate friction to turn the pages.

The page turning roller may further have a hollow portion in the frictional contact portion. In this way, the change in the thickness of the booklet can be absorbed by the elastic deformation, and the sheets of the booklet with various thicknesses can be separated.

The driving unit can utilize, for example, a motor as a power source. The driving unit can use the same power source as the conveying mechanism.

According to the invention, at least a part of the page-turning force for turning pages is non-parallel and acts in non-intersecting directions, since it has an outer direction component. The so-called outer direction component means that when the page turning force is decomposed into a page turning component in the page turning direction and a side component perpendicular to it, in the side direction component, it points to a side direction component close to the force point of page turning. In the present invention, the outboard lateral component acts in a manner that stretches the sheet. In the present invention, through the effect of the lateral component, the occurrence of wrinkles and breaks can be suppressed when pages are turned.

In the present invention, the booklet is not limited to transaction processing such as passbooks, and may also be books that require page-turning processing in devices such as scanners, facsimile machines, and copiers.

In the booklet processing device of the present invention, the page turning mechanism, for example, may have at least one of the page turning rollers tapered.

When the rollers provided on the right side of the center in the width direction are tapered with respect to the opening and closing direction of the booklet, the diameters of the rollers on the right side are preferably large and those on the left side are small. In addition, in the case where the roller provided on the left side of the center in the width direction is tapered, the diameter of the roller is preferably larger on the left side and smaller on the right side.

In addition, in the book processing device of the present invention, at least one of the rotation shafts of the page turning mechanism and the page turning roller may obliquely intersect with the transport direction of the book. In this way, the page-turning force of the page-turning roller can be decomposed into a component in the direction of the side free end and a component in the page-turning direction relative to the opening and closing direction of the book, so that a series of inadequacies mentioned above can be avoided. .

In the booklet processing device of the present invention, the page turning mechanism is provided with a pair of page turning rollers, and the pair of page turning rollers are tapered and can be arranged symmetrically.

In addition, in the book processing device of the present invention, the page turning mechanism is composed of a pair of page turning rollers, and the rotation axes of the pair of page turning rollers may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the conveying direction of the booklet. Thereby, the component of the page turning force of the page turning roller can apply force bilaterally symmetrically with respect to the conveyance direction, and the page can be turned smoothly while suppressing occurrence of wrinkles and the like. Here, a pair means not only a case where only two rollers are arranged symmetrically, but also a case where four or more rollers are arranged symmetrically. In addition, it does not matter even if there are remaining rollers on the axis of symmetry other than a pair of rollers.

The present invention also relates to a control method for controlling the above-mentioned book processing device and the book processing device for automatically turning pages of the book. The control method, for example, in the above-mentioned book processing device, may include the following steps: the step of controlling the conveying mechanism to transport the book to the prescribed position for page turning, the step of controlling the page turning mechanism to turn over the pages of the book, The procedure of controlling the conveying mechanism and ejecting the booklet.

The present invention also relates to a computer program for realizing the control with a computer and a log body recording the program. Here, as the recording medium, floppy disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, magneto-optical disks, IC cards, ROM cassettes, punched cards, printed matter printed with symbols such as bar codes, computer internal storage devices (memory such as RAM and ROM), and external storage devices can be used. Various media that can be read by a computer such as a device.

A brief description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of an automatic teller machine as an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the passbook slip processing mechanism 100 .

Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the page changing mechanism.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a page turning roller.

Fig. 5 is an explanatory view showing a frictional contact portion of the page turning roller.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of page change processing.

Fig. 7 is an explanatory view showing the form of the page turning roller at the time of page changing.

Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a page turning roller as a second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a page turning roller as a modified example.

Description of the embodiment

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A. The first embodiment:

A1. Overall structure:

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a general configuration of an automatic teller machine as an embodiment. An automatic cash handling device is installed in a bank or the like, and performs deposit and withdrawal processing according to user operations using tickets such as cards, passbooks, and deposit receipt paper.

In the automatic teller machine (hereinafter referred to as ATM) of this embodiment, the following units are provided in the illustrated configuration. The card processing unit 15 reads information recorded on a magnetic stripe card such as a so-called cash card. The information recorded on the card includes, for example, a financial institution number, an item, a user's account number, and the like.

The operation unit 13 is a user interface for displaying information for deposit and withdrawal processing and inputting operations for deposit and withdrawal. In this embodiment, although a touch screen is used, it is also possible to adopt a structure composed of a combination of a display, push button switches, and the like.

The user's banknotes are given and received through the banknote deposit and withdrawal port 14 . When depositing, the built-in banknote processing device 10 recognizes the banknotes sent by the user into the banknote deposit and withdrawal port 14, and classifies and stores them by currency type. When withdrawing money, the banknote processing device 10 outputs banknotes according to the amount indicated by the user, and hands them over to the user through the banknote deposit and withdrawal port 14 . The passbook slip processing mechanism 100 performs reading of information from passbooks and slips and writing of information to them.

The operation of the individual units of the ATM is controlled by the control unit 12 . The control unit 12 is constituted by a microcomputer equipped with a CPU and a memory inside. The control unit 12 sends and receives information with each device as shown by the arrows in the figure, and controls the overall operation of the ATM. The control unit 12 is connected to the host computer 200 via a communication line. The control unit 12 transmits processing information to the host computer 200 so that the host computer 200 performs processing such as deposit and withdrawal to the user account.

A2. Passbook ticket processing agency

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal structure of the passbook slip processing unit 100 . Schematically shows the internal structure viewed from the side. During transaction processing, processes such as conveyance, reading, and printing are performed on the passbook in the conveyance paths 101 and 103 . After processing, conveyance and discharge are performed in reverse in the conveyance paths 103 , 101 . On the transport paths 102 and 103, processes such as transport, reading, and printing of tickets are performed. After processing, it is conveyed and discharged in the reverse direction through the conveying paths 103 and 102 .

Hereinafter, for convenience of description, "upstream side" and "downstream side" are defined along the insertion direction of a passbook and a ticket. In short, among the conveyance paths 101 to 103, the insertion port side is referred to as the upstream side, and the side where the sheet changing mechanism 160 is provided is referred to as the downstream side. Furthermore, the conveyance from the upstream side to the downstream side is referred to as "forward direction" conveyance, and conversely, the conveyance from the downstream side to the upstream side is referred to as "reverse direction" conveyance.

In the conveyance paths 101 to 103, a plurality of conveyance rollers 104 for conveying passbooks and slips, and transmissive sensors 105 for detecting passage of passbooks and slips are provided. However, for the sake of drawing trouble, only a representative one is marked in the figure. The transport rollers 104 are driven by a transport motor 106 . In this embodiment, a stepping motor is used for the conveyance motor 106 in order to control the position during conveyance with high precision, but various motors may be used.

A magnetic strip is usually provided in passbooks. The magnetic head 117 reads the information of the magnetic stripe when the passbook is conveyed. The print head 113 prints passbooks or tickets. The printing head 113 is driven up and down so that it contacts the passbook and ticket when typing. This driving is realized by the driving motor 115 and the driving mechanism 114 constituted by a stepping motor. The ink ribbon used at the time of typing is properly wound up by the ink ribbon winding mechanism 112 .

On the downstream side of the printing head 113, an image reader 116 for counting the number of printed lines and reading a barcode printed on a passbook or the like is provided. Moreover, the page change mechanism 160 for performing page change of a passbook is provided. Passbooks and tickets are scanned by the image reader 116 before being printed and sent to the page changing mechanism 160 . Since the number of printed lines is calculated by scanning, the lines that should be printed can be determined below. Furthermore, it is also possible to judge whether or not a page should be changed. When it is judged that it is necessary to change pages when processing the passbook, the appropriate page is opened by the page changing mechanism 160 . Then, the passbook is printed by the print head 113 while being conveyed in the reverse direction.

Near the insertion port of the ticket, a posture correcting mechanism 120 for correcting the skew and movement of the ticket is provided. The so-called skew refers to the inclination of the ticket relative to the conveying direction. The so-called movement refers to the deviation of the one-way ticket in the direction perpendicular to the conveying direction.

On the downstream side of the posture correcting mechanism 120, an image reader 111 for scanning a ticket is provided. The scanned image data is sent to the host computer 200, and signature verification or so-called OCR processing is performed. The image reader 111 can scan all the tickets, or only scan a specific area where text is written according to the form of the ticket.

Each part of the passbook ticket processing mechanism 100 is controlled by the control unit 110 . The control unit 110 is composed of a microcomputer equipped with a CPU, RAM, and ROM inside, and controls each part according to a pre-prepared program. However, in order to avoid the complexity of the drawing, the illustration of the control unit 110 and the connection lines of various parts is omitted in the drawing.

A3. Page changing mechanism:

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an internal mechanism of the page changing mechanism 160 . Schematically shows the internal structure viewed from the side. The page changing mechanism 160 is provided with a page turning roller 161 and conveying rollers 165a, 165b.

The page turning roller 161 is composed of a frictional contact portion 162 , a metal core portion 163 , and a rotating shaft insertion portion 164 . The page change roller 161 is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow by a motor not shown in the figure. When rotating, the frictional contact portion 162 comes into contact with the page to be turned, and applies a frictional force to turn the page. The friction contact portion 162 is preferably formed of a high friction material such as rubber. The rotating shaft fitting part 164 is a part of the metal core part 163, and by fitting the rotating shaft, the metal core part 163 and the rotating shaft are fixed. Then, the metal core portion 163 and the frictional contact portion 162 are joined by a predetermined method. As a predetermined method, for example, a rubber bush may be used.

The conveyance roller 165 conveys the passbook from the upstream side to the downstream side, or from the downstream side to the upstream side. On the conveying roller 165, in order to prevent the passbook conveyed to a predetermined position from being deviated when the page is turned, a mechanism for applying a strong pushing force to fix the passbook after sucking the passbook and releasing it when the passbook is discharged is provided.

A4. The structure of the page turning roller:

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement and shape of the page turning roller 161 . In FIG. 3 , the structure viewed from the A direction (upper side) when the passbook is sucked in by the page turning mechanism 160 is shown. For ease of description, here, the page turning roller 161 only shows the shape of the frictional contact portion 162 .

In this embodiment, a pair of page-turning rollers are arranged symmetrically to the center of the passbook 20 in the width direction. Each roller rotates around the same rotation axis 30 . The frictional contact portions 162a and 162b are arranged in parallel with respect to the conveying direction.

The frictional contact portion 162a is formed in a tapered shape with a small inner diameter and a larger outer diameter. When a page is turned, a page turning force 50a is generated between the frictional contact portion 162a and the page 22 to be turned. The page-turning force 50a faces obliquely outward relative to the conveyance direction of the passbook 20, and generates a page-turning direction component 50a1 acting in the direction of turning the pages of the passbook 20, and a lateral component 50a2 perpendicular thereto.

The frictional contact portion 162b is also tapered to generate a page turning force 50b. In addition, in the present embodiment, the taper ratio of the frictional contact portion 162b is substantially the same as that of the frictional contact portion 162a. In this embodiment, a pair of page-turning rollers are provided symmetrically, and since the tapered shape is substantially the same as that of the frictional contact portion 162a, the magnitudes of the page-turning forces 50a, 50b are substantially equal.

A5. Friction contact part:

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the friction contact portion of the page turning roller. Shows what it looks like during page turning.

By rotating the page-turning roller in the direction of arrow B, the frictional contact portions 162a and 162b generate page-turning forces 50a and 50b, respectively. The page turning forces 50a and 50b turn the page turning object page 22 upward. At this time, the lateral component acts towards the outside of the booklet in such a way as to stretch the sheet at both ends. As a result, the rigid resistance concentrated near the center of the page to be turned 22 is released toward the free ends on both sides.

A6. Page change processing:

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of page change processing. When it is determined by the image reader 116 that a page change is necessary, the processing is performed by the control unit 110 .

When starting the processing, the control unit 110 drives the conveyance rollers 104 and 165 to convey the passbook to a predetermined position for changing pages (step S10). The control unit 110 detects that the passbook is conveyed to a predetermined position by a sensor (step S11 ), controls the conveyance roller 165 to apply a strong pressing force, and fixes the passbook (step S12 ).

Next, the control unit 110 controls the motor for driving the page change roller 161 to rotate the page change roller (step S13). While the page-turning roller 161 is rotating, the page to be turned 22 is turned up by the page-turning roller 161 (step S14).

Next, the control unit 110 controls the conveyance roller 165 that fixes the passbook, releases the fixation of the passbook (step S15), and conveys the passbook in the opposite direction. Through such conveyance, the page to be turned over 22 is pressed by the page turning roller 161, and the page is changed (step S16).

A7. Action diagram of page changing roller:

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the appearance of the page change roller at the time of page change. The action viewed from the side is schematically shown in 4 stages. This processing is the processing of steps S10 to S16 in FIG. 6 . In order to clarify the description of the operation of the sheet changing roller 161, the conveying roller 165 is not shown in the figure.

In FIG. 7( a ), the passbook 20 is conveyed in the direction of arrow C (forward direction) and fixed. And it shows the state of the page turning roller 161 and the passbook 20 before page turning. At this time, the metal core 163 of the page turning roller 161 turns over and contacts the target page 22 (steps S10 to S12).

Next, in FIG. 7( b ), the control unit 110 controls and rotates the motor of the page turning roller 161 , and the frictional contact portion 162 flips and contacts the target page 22 (step S13 ).

Next, in FIG. 7( c ), a state in which the page 22 to be turned is turned up by the page turning roller 161 is shown. in the state shown in Figure 5.

In FIG. 7( d ), it shows the state that the page to be turned 22 bounces onto the page turning roller 161 during the process of the turning roller 161 continuing to rotate and returning to the setting before the rotation (step S14 ). When the page turning process ends, the control unit 110 controls the conveying rollers to convey the passbook in the direction of arrow D (reverse direction). In the process of discharging the passbook 20 from the page changing mechanism 160, the page 22 to be turned is pressed against the page turning roller 161, and the page changing is completed. (Steps S15-S16)

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, by adopting the above-mentioned shape and arrangement of the page turning roller, it is possible to suppress generation of wrinkling or folding at the time of page turning.

In the present embodiment, the sensor detects that the passbook is conveyed to a predetermined position, but it may be calculated from the size and conveyance speed of the passbook, for example. Furthermore, for example, in order to fix the passbook, stoppers may be provided at predetermined positions, front, rear, left, and right, or fixing portions for fixing the passbook by clamping from top to bottom may be provided.

In the present embodiment, although the rotating shaft embedding portion is provided at the rotation center of the page turning roller, it may be provided, for example, at the joint portion of the frictional contact portion and the metal core. In this case, the axis of rotation is preferably movable up and down.

B. Second embodiment

In the first embodiment, an example is disclosed in which a tapered roller is used to generate a lateral component in the page turning force. A lateral component can also be created by having an angle on the axis of rotation of the rollers.

Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of the page turning roller in the second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a view of the page changing mechanism 160 viewed from the direction of arrow A (upper part). For convenience of description, structures other than the frictional contact portions 300a, 300b and the rotating shafts 301a, 301b are omitted.

In the second embodiment, the rotation axes 301a and 301b of the page turning rollers are arranged to intersect. The frictional contact portions 300a and 300b are formed in a cylindrical shape having the same diameter. The rotating shaft 301b and the frictional contact portion 300b are arranged symmetrically to the rotating shaft 301a and the frictional contact portion 300a with respect to the center of the passbook in the width direction.

When the page-turning rollers are rotated, page-turning forces 310a and 310b are generated in directions orthogonal to the rotation axes 301a and 301b. Like the first embodiment, the page-turning force 310a is divided into a directional component 310a1 and a lateral component 310a2 of the page-turning force. The page turning force 310b is also the same.

With such a configuration and shape, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and a series of failures such as "wrinkling", "folding", etc. and "page turning failure" accompanying it can be avoided during page turning.

C. Variations:

In the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention, although the shape and arrangement of the turning rollers are symmetrical with respect to the center of the passbook in the width direction, for example, there may be differences in the diameter, rotation speed, etc. of the rollers. difference. In this way, the direction and magnitude of the page-turning force can be adjusted, and it is also possible to cope with the page-changing process of the booklet where the rigidity of the paper varies.

In the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention, although a pair of page turning rollers are used to turn pages, a plurality of page turning rollers can also be used in combination. For example, as shown in FIG. 9( a ), tapered tapered rollers 400 a and 400 b may be arranged on both sides of a cylindrical turning roller 401 . In this case, the overturning forces 410a and 410b are generated in a direction inclined outward with respect to the conveying direction, that is, in a direction avoiding the rigid resistance of the sheet and in the conveying direction, and are generated in the conveying direction.

Also, the rollers do not have to be symmetrical. The taper ratio of a pair of turning rollers can be different, and the shapes can also be different. For example, as shown in FIG. 9( b ), one page-turning roller 500 may be made into a cylindrical-shaped page-turning roller, and the other may be made into a tapered tapered roller 501 . In this case, the page-turning force 510 is generated in the conveying direction, and the page-turning force 511 is generated in a direction inclined outward with respect to the conveying direction, that is, in a direction avoiding the rigid resistance of the paper sheet and in the conveying direction. Thereby, the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

In addition, at least one rotating shaft may be separately provided among the plurality of turning rollers. Thereby, the rotational speed of each roller, the direction of the page-turning force, and the like can be controlled.

Although various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various configurations can be employed within a range not departing from the gist. For example, the above control processing may be realized by hardware instead of software. In the embodiment, although the form of the passbook processing mechanism incorporated into the ATM is shown as an example, the present invention can also be used as a stand-alone passbook printer. In the embodiment, although the page-changing mechanism of the passbook is shown as an example, the present invention is not limited to the passbook, and can be generally applied to the processing mechanism of magazines, books and other volumes. Moreover, it is not necessary to be limited to an automatic transaction processing apparatus, and it can also be applied to the apparatus which must perform automatic page change, such as scanning and facsimile.

By adopting the present invention, by controlling the configuration and shape of the page-turning rollers and suppressing the rigid resistance of the paper sheet, problems such as wrinkling, bulging, and folding can be avoided during page-turning, and at the same time, repetitions caused by chains of these problems can also be avoided. and page turning fails.

Claims (11)

1. A book processing device for turning the pages of the book, the device has a conveying mechanism for conveying the book, a page turning mechanism for turning the pages of the book, a driving unit for driving the page turning mechanism, the turning The page mechanism is provided with a plurality of page-turning rollers that apply a page-turning force to the direction of turning the aforementioned pages of this book when rotating, and it is characterized in that the shape and setting of at least one page-turning roller in the aforementioned page-turning rollers should make it exert Page-turning force with the aforementioned outside lateral component of the book. 2. The booklet processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said turning rollers is tapered. 3. The book processing device according to claim 2, wherein the tapered shape of the page turning roller faces the central axis of the book, with a small diameter on the inside and a large diameter on the outside. 4. The book processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the page turning roller includes a frictional contact portion that contacts the sheets of the booklet, and a metal core that engages with the frictional contact portion. 5. The booklet processing device according to claim 4, wherein the friction contact portion is made of a high friction material such as rubber and has a hollow portion. 6. The booklet processing device according to claim 1, wherein said page turning mechanism is provided with a pair of page turning rollers, and said pair of page turning rollers are tapered and arranged symmetrically. 7. The booklet processing device according to claim 6, wherein the taper ratios of the respective page-turning rollers in the pair of page-turning rollers are substantially the same. 8. The book processing device according to claim 1, wherein, in the page turning mechanism, at least one of the rotation axes of the page turning rollers intersects obliquely with respect to the book conveying direction. 9. The book processing device according to claim 8, wherein the page turning mechanism is composed of a pair of page turning rollers, and the rotation axes of the pair of page turning rollers are arranged symmetrically with respect to the conveying direction of the booklet. . 10. The book processing device according to claim 9, wherein the frictional contact portion included in the turning roller and contacting the book is formed in a cylindrical shape having the same diameter. 11. The booklet processing device according to claim 1, wherein the roller diameters or rotation speeds of the page turning rollers among the plurality of page turning rollers are different.

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