CN120601112B - An overmolded corrugated waveguide with automated mode optimization - Google Patents
An overmolded corrugated waveguide with automated mode optimizationInfo
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- CN120601112B CN120601112B CN202511107090.9A CN202511107090A CN120601112B CN 120601112 B CN120601112 B CN 120601112B CN 202511107090 A CN202511107090 A CN 202511107090A CN 120601112 B CN120601112 B CN 120601112B
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- memory alloy
- inner tube
- corrugated waveguide
- tube
- mode optimization
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
- H01P3/10—Wire waveguides, i.e. with a single solid longitudinal conductor
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Abstract
本发明涉及波导技术领域，具体公开了一种可自动进行模式优化的过模皱纹波导，包括：外管；内管，间隔设于外管内，内管的内壁设置有多个环槽，多个环槽沿轴向间隔分布；以及变形体，设于外管和内管之间，多个变形体沿轴向间隔分布，变形体包括多个绕所述外管的轴向设置的记忆合金单体，记忆合金单体包括连接部和两个变形部，连接部固定于外管的内壁，两个变形部的第一端通过连接部相互连接，两个变形部的第二端抵接于内管的外壁；其中，当记忆合金单体受热时，两个变形部的第二端相互靠拢，使记忆合金单体沿径向的长度变长，导致内管产生径向位移。本发明的一种可自动进行模式优化的过模皱纹波导，减少杂模的产生，实现毫米波的低损耗传输。
The present invention relates to the field of waveguide technology, specifically disclosing an overmolded corrugated waveguide capable of automatic mode optimization, comprising: an outer tube; an inner tube disposed at intervals within the outer tube, the inner wall of the inner tube being provided with a plurality of annular grooves spaced axially; and a deformable body disposed between the outer and inner tubes, the plurality of deformable bodies spaced axially, the deformable body comprising a plurality of memory alloy monomers disposed axially around the outer tube, the memory alloy monomers comprising a connecting portion and two deformable portions, the connecting portion being fixed to the inner wall of the outer tube, the first ends of the two deformable portions being interconnected by the connecting portion, and the second ends of the two deformable portions being in contact with the outer wall of the inner tube; wherein, when the memory alloy monomers are heated, the second ends of the two deformable portions move closer together, causing the radial length of the memory alloy monomers to increase, resulting in radial displacement of the inner tube. The overmolded corrugated waveguide capable of automatic mode optimization of the present invention reduces the generation of heterogeneous modes and achieves low-loss transmission of millimeter waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waveguides, in particular to an overmode corrugated waveguide capable of automatically carrying out mode optimization.
Background
The millimeter wave transmission technology is widely applied to the fields of nuclear fusion plasma heating, dynamic nuclear polarization nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, geophysical exploration and the like. At present, an overmode waveguide is mainly adopted for millimeter wave transmission, and as the inner wall of the overmode waveguide is smooth, various hybrid modes are easily excited under the influence of factors such as millimeter wave transmission in various modes, waveguide steering, installation errors and the like, and the suppression of the hybrid modes is difficult, so that the millimeter wave transmission loss is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an overmode corrugated waveguide capable of automatically carrying out mode optimization so as to reduce the generation of a hybrid mode and realize low-loss transmission of millimeter waves.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an overmode corrugated waveguide capable of automatically performing mode optimization, comprising:
An outer tube;
An inner tube arranged in the outer tube at intervals, a plurality of ring grooves arranged on the inner wall of the inner tube and distributed along the axial direction at intervals, and
The deformation bodies are arranged between the outer tube and the inner tube, a plurality of deformation bodies are distributed at intervals along the axial direction, each deformation body comprises a plurality of memory alloy monomers which are arranged around the axial direction of the outer tube, each memory alloy monomer comprises a connecting part and two deformation parts, the connecting parts are fixed on the inner wall of the outer tube, the first ends of the two deformation parts are connected with each other through the connecting parts, and the second ends of the two deformation parts are abutted against the outer wall of the inner tube;
When the temperature of the memory alloy monomer is reduced, the second ends of the two deformation parts are separated from each other, so that the length of the memory alloy monomer along the radial direction is shortened, and the inner tube is displaced radially outwards.
In some embodiments, the wall of the outer tube has a water cooled flow passage with a water inlet and a water outlet.
In some embodiments, the memory alloy monomer is a nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy, or an iron-based shape memory alloy.
In some embodiments, the memory alloy monomer surface has a nickel plating layer.
In some embodiments, the connecting portion is integrally formed with the deforming portion.
In some embodiments, the connection is disposed along a radial arc-shaped projection.
In some embodiments, the second end of the deformation portion has an extension portion, the extension portions of the two deformation portions are far away from each other, the extension portion abuts against the outer wall of the inner tube, and the surface of the extension portion, which is close to the inner tube, is in an arc shape.
In some embodiments, the ring groove is rectangular or sinusoidal in axial cross-section.
In some embodiments, the inner tubes are provided in plurality, and a gap is formed between two adjacent inner tubes, and a gasket is filled in the gap.
In some embodiments, the outer tube is made of an aluminum alloy and the inner tube is made of an aluminum alloy or oxygen free copper.
The invention provides an overmode corrugated waveguide capable of automatically carrying out mode optimization, which has the beneficial effects that compared with the prior art:
The inner pipe is arranged in the outer pipe at intervals, a plurality of annular grooves are formed in the inner wall of the inner pipe, the annular grooves are distributed along the axial direction at intervals, the deformation bodies are arranged between the outer pipe and the inner pipe, the deformation bodies are distributed along the axial direction at intervals, each deformation body comprises a plurality of memory alloy monomers which are arranged around the axial direction of the outer pipe, each memory alloy monomer comprises a connecting part and two deformation parts, the connecting parts are fixed on the inner wall of the outer pipe, the first ends of the two deformation parts are connected with each other through the connecting parts, the second ends of the two deformation parts are abutted to the outer wall of the inner pipe, so that when the memory alloy monomers are heated, the second ends of the two deformation parts are close to each other, the lengths of the memory alloy monomers along the radial direction are prolonged, the inner pipe is caused to displace inwards, when the temperature of the memory alloy monomers is reduced, the lengths of the two deformation parts along the radial direction are mutually separated, the inner pipe is caused to shorten, the inner pipe is caused to displace outwards along the radial direction, the inner pipe is prevented from displacing outwards, and the millimeter wave mode is actively influenced by the millimeter wave mode is actively transmitted, and the millimeter wave mode is automatically corrected, and the millimeter wave mode is automatically transmitted, and the millimeter wave mode is not influenced, and the mode is automatically, and the mode is optimized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an overmode corrugated waveguide along an axial direction, which is capable of performing mode optimization automatically according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of an enlarged structure of a deformed body of an overmode corrugated waveguide capable of automatically performing mode optimization according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic side view of a memory alloy unit of an overmode corrugated waveguide capable of automatically performing mode optimization according to some embodiments of the present invention at ambient temperature.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a memory alloy unit of an over-mold corrugated waveguide with automatic mode optimization according to some embodiments of the present invention, which is shown in an enlarged side view after being heated.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an over-mode corrugated waveguide with two inner tubes in an axial direction, which is capable of performing mode optimization automatically according to some embodiments of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an outer tube, 2, an inner tube, 21, a ring groove, 22, a gasket, 3, a deformation body, 31, a memory alloy monomer, 311, a connecting part, 312, a deformation part, 313, an extension part, x, axial, z and radial.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the application.
It is to be understood that in the description of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. The terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, i.e., features defining "first," "second," may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in fig. 1-5, an automatically mode-optimizing overmoulded corrugated waveguide according to some embodiments of the present invention includes an outer tube 1, an inner tube 2, and a deformed body 3. The overmode corrugated waveguide can be used for long-distance millimeter wave transmission such as nuclear fusion plasma heating, in particular millimeter wave transmission above kilometer level required in the fields of oil and gas drilling and the like.
The inner tube 2 is arranged in the outer tube 1 at intervals, a plurality of annular grooves 21 are formed in the inner wall of the inner tube 2, and the annular grooves 21 are distributed at intervals along the axial direction x. In this way, the overmode corrugated waveguide is formed by providing the annular groove 21.
For example, the inner diameter of the inner tube 2 is a, a=31.75mm is selected, the transmission bandwidth of the waveguide is larger, millimeter waves of 105GHz-170GHz can be transmitted, and lambda is the wavelength of the millimeter waves.
D is the depth of the ring groove 21, and when d=λ/4 is satisfied, the transmission loss is low, and when the center frequency is selected to be 140GHz, d=0.54 mm is taken.
H is the period length of two adjacent ring grooves 21, satisfying h <0.5λ to avoid bragg reflection, and selecting h=0.65mm, the maximum transmission frequency is 200GHz.
W is the distance between two adjacent ring grooves 21, if w/h is smaller, ohmic loss is smaller, and w=0.307×h=0.20 mm is selected to satisfy both smaller ohmic loss and higher mechanical strength.
E is the thickness of the inner tube 2 at the ring groove 21, and e=1 mm is selected. The inner wall of the inner tube 2 is formed by electric spark machining or precise milling and other processes, the machining tolerance is smaller than +/-0.02 mm, and the coaxiality is checked by using a three-coordinate measuring instrument after machining is finished, wherein the coaxiality is less than or equal to 0.04mm.
The deformation body 3 is arranged between the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2, the deformation bodies 3 are distributed at intervals along the axial direction x, the deformation body 3 comprises a plurality of memory alloy monomers 31 which are arranged around the axial direction of the outer tube, each memory alloy monomer 31 comprises a connecting part 311 and two deformation parts 312, the connecting parts 311 are fixed on the inner wall of the outer tube 1, the first ends of the two deformation parts 312 are connected with each other through the connecting parts 311, and the second ends of the two deformation parts 312 are abutted against the outer wall of the inner tube 2.
Illustratively, the memory alloy cell 31 is made of a Ni 50.7Ti49.3 memory alloy material, wherein the temperature range for restoring the original shape is designed to be ambient temperature (-10 ℃ to 40 ℃). In order to realize automatic mode optimization, the selected memory alloy material has a double-pass memory effect, and the training process comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment on the Ni 50.7Ti49.3 memory alloy material for more than 1h at 400 ℃ and then carrying out ageing treatment for 20min at 450 ℃.
In this embodiment, when the memory alloy unit 31 is heated, the second ends of the two deformation portions 312 are close to each other, so that the length of the memory alloy unit 31 along the radial direction z is increased, and the inner tube 2 is displaced along the radial direction z.
Specifically, the memory alloy unit 31 is in an initial state at ambient temperature, and the two deformation portions 312 of the memory alloy unit 31 are in an open state, so that the length of the memory alloy unit 31 in the radial direction z is shorter. When the temperature increases, the second ends of the two deformed portions 312 come close to each other, lengthening the memory alloy unit 31 in the radial direction z. When the temperature is lowered to the ambient temperature, the temperature of the memory alloy unit 31 is lowered, and the two deformed portions 312 of the memory alloy unit 31 are separated from each other to be opened outward, so that the memory alloy unit 31 becomes shorter and returns to the initial state.
The mode of the waveguide refers to a transverse electric field distribution mode formed when an electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide. Mode optimization is the process of optimizing signal transmission efficiency, reducing loss, or enhancing specific performance metrics by adjusting physical structural parameters (e.g., dimensions, materials, locations, etc.) of the waveguide. In the present invention, the mode optimization of the waveguide is achieved by adjusting the radial z-position of the inner tube 2.
When the mode purity of the high-power millimeter wave in the waveguide is reduced, and a hybrid mode is generated, the temperature distribution of the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1 is uneven, the memory alloy monomer 31 in the higher temperature area is lengthened, the inner tube 2 is pushed to move along the radial direction z, the waveguide is guided to perform mode optimization, when the mode purity of the high-power millimeter wave in the waveguide is close to 100%, as shown in fig. 3, the circumferential stress of the deformation body 3 is uniform, and at the moment, the inner tube 2 keeps the initial center position and cannot influence the mode of the waveguide.
In operation, the inner tube 2 has surface impedance, high power millimeter wave can cause the temperature of the inner tube 2 to increase, the local current density is increased by the mixed mode, the hot spot temperature of the inner tube 2 is increased (the temperature can be increased by more than 30 ℃), the temperature increase causes deformation of the memory alloy monomer 31, in the example, the maximum radial z displacement δr of the inner tube 2 is=0.16 mm, the radial z length fminimum value of the memory alloy monomer 31 is=2.4 mm, and fmaximum value=2.56 mm, the inner tube 2 is moved inwards along the radial z direction due to the deformation of the memory alloy monomer 31, the radial z movement of the inner tube 2 adversely affects the mode characteristics of millimeter wave transmitted in the waveguide, and the mixed mode is actively restrained by the radial z movement, so that the automatic optimization of the mode is realized. The optimization process is as follows:
Radial z-movement of the inner tube 2 changes the equivalent impedance of the ring groove 21, thereby reducing the propagation constant of the hetero-mode.
Negative feedback is generated, the number of the mixed dies is large, the heat unbalance causes the memory alloy monomer 31 to deform, the deformation of the memory alloy monomer 31 causes the inner tube 2 to generate radial z movement, and the radial z movement of the inner tube causes the mixed dies to be reduced.
Based on the above structural arrangement, when the memory alloy unit 31 is heated, the second ends of the two deformation parts 312 are mutually close, so that the length of the memory alloy unit 31 along the radial direction z is prolonged, the radial direction z displacement is generated in the inner tube 2, the radial direction z displacement of the inner tube 2 adversely affects the mode characteristics of millimeter waves transmitted in the waveguide, the active correction and the automatic optimization of the mode are realized, and the low-loss transmission of the millimeter waves is realized.
In some embodiments, the wall of the outer tube 1 has a water-cooled flow channel with a water inlet and a water outlet. Specifically, the radial z thickness of the outer tube 1 is 5mm. The type of the flow channel is a spiral water-cooling flow channel, the water inlet and the water outlet are fixed with the water pipe by using clamps, and the outer diameter of the joint of the water inlet and the water outlet is 11.7mm. The flow rate of cooling water is more than or equal to 6L/min, and the multi-section waveguide can be connected with a water cooling pipeline in series under the condition that the water pressure is ensured to be less than 0.4 MPa. Deionized water is required for cooling water, the resistivity is more than 1MΩ cm, and the dissolved oxygen is less than 500ppb.
In some embodiments, the memory alloy cell 31 employs a nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy, or an iron-based shape memory alloy. The nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy has the recoverable strain performance exceeding 10%, high damping characteristic, smooth deformation process, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, has the resistivity of 8 multiplied by 10 -7 omega-m, and is suitable for being applied to high-power millimeter wave overmode corrugated circular waveguides. It should be noted that, the material with shape memory function includes shape memory polymer and shape memory ceramic in addition to shape memory alloy, but these two materials cannot restrict millimeter wave, and deformation generated after heating has little influence on millimeter wave, so automatic optimization of mode is difficult to realize.
In some embodiments, the memory alloy cell 31 has a nickel plating on the surface. The nickel plating layer preferably has a thickness of 3 μm, which can improve the wear resistance of the memory alloy unit 31.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the connection portion 311 is integrally formed with the deformation portion 312. During molding, heat treatment is needed under vacuum or argon protection, otherwise, the surface oxidation can change the proportion of nickel and titanium, so that the phase transition temperature is shifted.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the connection portion 311 is disposed along a radial z-arc projection. In this way, stress concentration between the two deformation portions 312 is avoided, and the service life is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the second end of the deformation portion 312 has an extension portion 313, the extension portions 313 of the two deformation portions 312 are far away from each other, the extension portion 313 abuts against the outer wall of the inner tube 2, and the surface of the extension portion 313 near the inner tube 2 is in an arc shape. In this way, the extension 313 has a low friction resistance against movement of the outer wall of the inner tube 2 during deformation, which is advantageous in that the inner tube 2 is subjected to a radial z-movement.
In some embodiments, the ring groove 21 is rectangular or sinusoidal in cross-section along the axial direction x.
As shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments, a plurality of inner tubes 2 are provided, and a gap is provided between two adjacent inner tubes 2, and a spacer 22 is filled in the gap. Specifically, when the length of the outer tube 1 in the axial direction x is greater than 0.5m, the inner tube 2 needs to be divided at equal intervals, and the smaller the axial direction x dividing interval is, the better the optimization effect of the waveguide is. The clearance between two adjacent inner pipes is smaller than 1mm, and a polytetrafluoroethylene gasket is filled, so that millimeter wave leakage is reduced.
In some embodiments, the outer tube 1 is made of an aluminum alloy and the inner tube 2 is made of an aluminum alloy or oxygen-free copper.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202511107090.9A CN120601112B (en) | 2025-08-08 | 2025-08-08 | An overmolded corrugated waveguide with automated mode optimization |
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| CN202511107090.9A CN120601112B (en) | 2025-08-08 | 2025-08-08 | An overmolded corrugated waveguide with automated mode optimization |
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| CN120601112B true CN120601112B (en) | 2025-09-30 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107919515A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-17 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | A kind of high-field mode wave filter for only depositing TE0n patterns |
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| US7893789B2 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2011-02-22 | Andrew Llc | Waveguide transitions and method of forming components |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107919515A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-17 | 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 | A kind of high-field mode wave filter for only depositing TE0n patterns |
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