CN120802425A - Optical fiber with scattering enhancement characteristic and low-loss characteristic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Optical fiber with scattering enhancement characteristic and low-loss characteristic and preparation method thereof

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Publication number
CN120802425A
CN120802425A CN202511291259.0A CN202511291259A CN120802425A CN 120802425 A CN120802425 A CN 120802425A CN 202511291259 A CN202511291259 A CN 202511291259A CN 120802425 A CN120802425 A CN 120802425A
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optical fiber
low
loss
scattering
core
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Inventor
彭瑜
梁文博
严惠良
张登帆
盛春敏
潘敏丽
单华陆
彭雨婷
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Zhejiang Dongtong Optical Network Iot Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Dongtong Optical Network Iot Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202511291259.0A priority Critical patent/CN120802425A/en
Publication of CN120802425A publication Critical patent/CN120802425A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
    • C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma- or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
    • C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/0229—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by nanostructures, i.e. structures of size less than 100 nm, e.g. quantum dots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02333—Core having higher refractive index than cladding, e.g. solid core, effective index guiding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤及制备方法，该光纤包括由内至外顺序设置的纤芯、包层和低损耗紫外固化涂层，纤芯内部分布有纳米点，纳米点中掺杂至少一种金属。本发明创新地通过纤芯与包层材料的协同设计（氟化物与氧化硅复合的纤芯、氟化硅玻璃的包层）、纳米点的精准调控（尺寸为20‑50nm且掺杂铒和锗）及折射率分布优化打破了低损耗与强散射无法共存的技术瓶颈，在1550nm波段既将损耗降至理论极限0.14dB/km，又使瑞利散射强度提升约30%，首次实现散射增强与低损耗的兼容，解决了单一光纤无法同时满足长距离通讯与高灵敏度传感需求的问题，满足光纤传感和长距离光通讯领域的需求。

This invention discloses an optical fiber that combines scattering-enhanced properties with low loss, and a method for its preparation. The optical fiber comprises a core, a cladding, and a low-loss UV-cured coating, arranged sequentially from the inside out. Nanodots are distributed within the core, doped with at least one metal. This invention innovatively overcomes the technical bottleneck of low loss and strong scattering by collaboratively designing the core and cladding materials (a fluoride-silicon oxide composite core and a fluorinated silica glass cladding), precisely controlling the nanodots (20-50 nm in size and doped with erbium and germanium), and optimizing the refractive index profile. This method reduces the loss to the theoretical limit of 0.14 dB/km in the 1550 nm band while increasing the Rayleigh scattering intensity by approximately 30%. This unprecedented combination of scattering enhancement and low loss addresses the inability of a single optical fiber to simultaneously meet the requirements of long-distance communication and high-sensitivity sensing, thus meeting the needs of both fiber-optic sensing and long-distance optical communication.

Description

Optical fiber with scattering enhancement characteristic and low-loss characteristic and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fibers, and particularly relates to an optical fiber with both scattering enhancement characteristics and low-loss characteristics and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the practical application of the optical fiber technology, the core requirements of the optical fiber performance in the optical communication and optical fiber sensing fields are in significant conflict:
In the field of optical communication, especially in 1550nm wave band, the theoretical loss limit of 0.14dB/km is realized by an optical fiber to ensure long-distance signal transmission, which requires that the optical fiber material is pure and uniform in structure, and the signal attenuation caused by scattering is reduced as much as possible;
In the field of optical fiber sensing, the sensitivity is improved by relying on stronger scattering characteristics (such as Rayleigh scattering), and the prior art often enhances the scattering by introducing doping or structural defects, but the transmission loss is inevitably increased greatly.
The technical bottleneck that the low loss and the strong scattering can not coexist is that the existing scheme needs to deploy independent optical fibers for communication and sensing respectively, so that the complexity and the cost of a system are increased, and efficient fusion of sensing and communication data is difficult to realize.
Based on the above, the invention discloses an optical fiber with both scattering enhancement characteristic and low loss characteristic and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an optical fiber with both scattering enhancement characteristics and low-loss characteristics and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose and achieve the above technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
An optical fiber with both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics comprises a fiber core, a cladding and a low-loss ultraviolet curing coating which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein nano points are distributed in the fiber core, and at least one metal is doped in the nano points.
Further, the fiber core comprises a central region and an outer edge region which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the refractive index of the outer edge region is 0.1% -0.2% lower than that of the central region.
Further, the diameter of the core is 8.2 μm, the radius of the central region is 0-2 μm, and the radius of the outer edge region is 2-4.1 μm.
Furthermore, nano dots with the size of 20-50nm are uniformly distributed in the fiber core.
Further, the nano-dots are doped with erbium and germanium, the doping concentration of erbium is 50-80ppm, and the doping concentration of germanium is 20000-30000ppm.
Further, the fiber core is made of a composite material doped with fluoride and silicon oxide, and the molar ratio of fluoride to silicon oxide is 0.8% -1.5%.
Furthermore, the cladding is made of low-refractive-index fluorinated silica glass, and the doping concentration of fluorine in the cladding is 3% -5%.
Further, the refractive index of the cladding is 0.3% -0.5% lower than the refractive index of the core.
Further, the thickness of the low-loss ultraviolet cured coating layer is 25-30 μm.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the optical fiber with both the scattering enhancement characteristic and the low-loss characteristic, which comprises the following steps:
1) Manufacturing a prefabricated rod:
Firstly, forming a fluoride and silicon oxide doped composite material matrix in a fiber core area by accurately controlling deposition temperature and gas flow by using a chemical vapor deposition method, and simultaneously introducing erbium and germanium doping to uniformly distribute nano points with the size of 20-50nm in the fiber core;
Depositing a low refractive index fluorinated silica glass material outside the fiber core to form a cladding;
2) And (3) wiredrawing:
drawing the prefabricated rod obtained in the step 1) into an optical fiber, and strictly controlling the dimensional accuracy of a fiber core and a cladding;
3) Coating and packaging:
coating a low-loss ultraviolet curing coating with the thickness of 25-30 mu m on the outer part of the optical fiber obtained in the step 2), and packaging after ultraviolet curing to form the optical fiber with the required scattering enhancement characteristic and the low-loss characteristic.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention discloses an optical fiber with scattering enhancement characteristics and low loss characteristics and a preparation method thereof, which innovatively breaks the technical bottleneck that low loss and strong scattering can not coexist by the collaborative design of fiber cores and cladding materials (fiber cores compounded by fluoride and silicon oxide and cladding of fluorinated silica glass), the precise regulation and control of nano points (the size is 20-50nm and erbium and germanium are doped) and the refractive index distribution optimization, reduces the loss to 0.14dB/km which is the theoretical limit in 1550nm band, improves the Rayleigh scattering intensity by about 30 percent, realizes the compatibility of scattering enhancement and low loss for the first time, solves the problem that a single optical fiber can not meet the requirements of long-distance communication and high-sensitivity sensing at the same time, and meets the requirements of the optical fiber sensing and long-distance optical communication fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cooperative operation of scattering and low loss in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of nanodot size versus fiber performance in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of fluorine doping concentration versus cladding performance for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below so that advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and unambiguous the scope of the present invention.
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the invention discloses an optical fiber with both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics, which comprises a fiber core 1, a cladding 2 and a low loss ultraviolet curing coating 3 which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein nano-dots with high scattering enhancement and the size of 20-50nm are uniformly distributed in the fiber core 1, and at least one metal is doped in the nano-dots.
In some embodiments, the fiber core 1 is made of a composite material doped with fluoride and silicon oxide, and the composite material specifically refers to a glassy composite material formed by fluoride and silicon oxide, wherein the fluoride is MgF 2 or CaF 2, and the fluoride and SiO 2 are mixed according to a molar ratio of 0.8% -1.5% to form a stable network structure, and the composite material has both high light transmittance (light transmittance of 1550nm wave band is more than or equal to 99.9%) and mechanical stability (Young modulus is more than or equal to 70 GPa).
In some embodiments, the nanodots are doped with erbium and germanium, the erbium (Er) is doped at a concentration of 50-80ppm and the germanium (Ge) is doped at a concentration of 20000-30000ppm to enhance the rayleigh scattering signal at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
Erbium doping has strong absorption-radiation characteristics in 1550nm wave band, can enhance the Rayleigh scattering cross section, and germanium doping further enhances the scattering effect by adjusting the refractive index gradient.
In some embodiments, the core 1 includes a central region 1-1 and an outer region 1-2 arranged in order from inside to outside, the core 1 having a diameter of 8.2 μm, the central region 1-1 having a radius of 0-2 μm, and the outer region 1-2 having a radius of 2-4.1 μm. The fiber core 1 adopts a step-index design, the central region keeps high scattering property, the density of nano dots is higher (10 15/cm 3), the refractive index is 1.468 as a main scattering center, the refractive index of the outer edge region 1-2 is 0.1% -0.2% lower than that of the central region 1-1, the density of nano dots is reduced by 30%, and the scattering loss of optical signals at the edge is reduced.
In some embodiments, the cladding 2 is made of low-refractive-index fluorinated silica glass, the doping concentration of fluorine in the cladding is 3% -5%, the infrared absorption is reduced (absorption loss of 1550nm wave band is less than or equal to 0.02 dB/km) through fluorine doping, meanwhile, the chemical stability is improved (salt spray corrosion resistance level is less than or equal to 1000 h), the refractive index of the cladding 2 is 0.3% -0.5% lower than that of the fiber core 1, and the optical signal is ensured to be effectively restrained to be transmitted in the fiber core 1.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the low-loss ultraviolet curing coating 3 is 25-30 μm, and after the low-loss ultraviolet curing acrylate coating is adopted, the coating is cured by 365nm ultraviolet light and 500-600mW/cm 2 of power, a uniform and compact protective layer is formed.
The refractive index of the low-loss ultraviolet cured coating 3 is 1.52, and the low-loss ultraviolet cured coating is matched with the cladding 2 to reduce interface reflection, the Young modulus is more than or equal to 1.2GPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 80MPa, and the low-loss ultraviolet cured coating can bear +/-0.5% of strain without cracking.
The optical loss of the optical fiber with both the scattering enhancement characteristic and the low-loss characteristic in 1550nm wave band is less than or equal to 0.14dB/km.
As shown in fig. 3, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the optical fiber with both the scattering enhancement characteristic and the low-loss characteristic, which comprises the following steps:
1) Manufacturing a prefabricated rod:
Firstly, a chemical vapor deposition method is used, deposition temperature and gas flow are precisely controlled, deposition temperature is controlled to 1300-1400 ℃, a fluoride and silicon oxide doped composite material matrix is formed in a fiber core area, erbium and germanium doping is introduced, so that nano points with the size of 20-50nm are uniformly distributed in the fiber core, and serve as Rayleigh scattering centers, and a foundation is laid for subsequent scattering enhancement characteristics;
preparation of center zone 1-1:
Preparing a reaction chamber, namely fixing a high-purity quartz glass tube in the reaction chamber with accurate temperature control and rotation functions, and ensuring stable and uniform reaction environment;
And controlling the gas flow, namely introducing SiCl 4 (the flow is set to be 20-30 sccm) and CF 4 (the flow is set to be 0.5-1 sccm) as basic raw materials, and simultaneously introducing ErCl 3 (the flow is set to be 0.01-0.05 sccm) and GeCl 4 (the flow is set to be 0.5-1.5 sccm) for doping. The gases are fully mixed in the reaction cavity to provide a material basis for subsequent reactions;
And regulating the deposition temperature, namely raising the temperature of the reaction chamber to 1300-1400 ℃, and carrying out chemical reaction on raw materials such as SiCl 4、CF4 and the like in the high-temperature environment to form a composite material matrix of fluoride and silicon oxide. Meanwhile, erbium (Er) and germanium (Ge) elements in ErCl 3、GeCl4 are uniformly doped into a matrix, so that nano dots are generated, the size of the nano dots is controlled to be 20-50nm, and the density reaches 10 15/cm 3.
And forming the central zone 1-1, wherein the nano points are stably distributed in the matrix along with the continuous reaction, so as to form the central zone 1-1. The refractive index of the region is precisely controlled to be 1.468, and the region is used as a main scattering center, so that a foundation is laid for the scattering enhancement characteristic of the optical fiber;
preparation of the outer edge zone 1-2:
Adjusting the gas flow, namely keeping the flow of SiCl 4、CF4 unchanged, and finely adjusting the flow of ErCl 3 (the flow is reduced to 0.007-0.035 sccm) and the flow of GeCl 4 (the flow is reduced to 0.35-1.05 sccm) so as to reduce erbium and germanium elements entering the reaction chamber;
The deposition process is that the density of the generated nano-dots is reduced by about 30% compared with the central area due to the reduction of doping elements under the same high-temperature environment as the central area. The composite matrix formed at this time constitutes the outer edge region 1-2;
Refractive index control, namely, the refractive index of the outer edge region 1-2 is 0.1% -0.2% lower than that of the central region 1-1 by adjusting the proportion of doping elements and reaction conditions. The refractive index difference design effectively reduces scattering loss of the optical signal at the edge of the fiber core, and ensures effective restraint and transmission of the optical signal in the fiber core;
Then, a low-refractive-index fluorinated silica glass material is deposited outside the fiber core to form a cladding 2, so that preparation is made for low-loss characteristics;
2) And (3) wiredrawing:
Drawing the prefabricated rod obtained in the step 1) into an optical fiber by using a high-precision drawing machine, wherein the drawing temperature is 2100-2200 ℃, the drawing speed is 800-1000m/min, and finally an optical fiber structure with the outer diameter of 125 mu m and the fiber core diameter of 8.2 mu m is formed;
3) Coating and packaging:
And (2) coating a low-loss ultraviolet curing coating 3 with the thickness of 25-30 mu m on the outer part of the optical fiber, packaging after ultraviolet curing, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 365nm, the power is 500-600mW/cm 2, and the optical fiber with the required scattering enhancement characteristic and low-loss characteristic is formed, and the influence on the performance of the optical fiber caused by the external environment (such as mechanical friction, humidity and the like) is reduced through the low-loss ultraviolet curing coating 3, so that the stability of the optical fiber in a complex environment is further ensured.
When the optical signal of 1550nm wave band is transmitted in the optical fiber, the nano-point doped with erbium and germanium in the optical fiber core 1 enhances the Rayleigh scattering intensity (improves by about 30 percent) to meet the requirement of optical fiber sensing on the scattered signal, meanwhile, the fluorinated silicon glass material of the cladding 2 reduces the infrared absorption band due to fluorine doping, and the ultra-pure gas and the high-precision technology (the defect density of the optical fiber surface is less than or equal to 10 15/mm 2) adopted in the preparation process are combined, so that the transmission loss of 1550nm wave band is reduced to the theoretical limit of 0.14dB/km, the low-loss requirement of long-distance optical communication is met, and the cooperative work of the scattering enhancement and the low-loss characteristic is realized.
In the invention, the nano-dots are used as scattering centers, sufficient signals are provided for sensing by enhancing Rayleigh scattering, the low nano-dot density design of the outer edge area of the fiber core is combined with the synergistic effect of reducing infrared absorption by doping with cladding fluorine, so that the low-loss transmission of optical signals is realized, the transmission loss is less than or equal to 0.14dB/km, the core advantages of the same optical fiber, namely the scattering enhancement (sensing requirement) and the low-loss transmission (communication requirement), can be simultaneously met, and can be used as one fiber, and the optical fiber is shown in figure 4.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the relationship between the nano-dot size and the optical fiber performance of the present invention, wherein the dual-axis design is adopted, the horizontal axis is nano-dot size (nm), the left-hand axis represents Rayleigh scattering intensity (relative value), and the right-hand axis represents 1550nm transmission loss (dB/km). Two key curves are clearly shown in fig. 5:
The scattering intensity curve increases from 20nm to 50nm along with the size of the nano-dot, gradually increases from 1.30 to 1.50, and marks the enhancement of 30% -50%, thereby intuitively reflecting the promotion effect of the size increase on scattering signals;
The transmission loss curve increases along with the size of the nano-dot, slowly rises from 0.14dB/km to 0.16dB/km, and is marked with the mark that the loss variation is always less than or equal to 0.16dB/km, which indicates that the loss variation is in a controllable range;
The nano dot size is 20-50nm, can simultaneously meet the dual requirements of scattering enhancement and low loss, is an optimal size range for balancing the sensing sensitivity and the communication transmission performance of the optical fiber, and provides a key basis for the process control of the nano dot size.
FIG. 6 is a graph of fluorine doping concentration versus cladding performance for the present invention, with the horizontal axis representing fluorine doping concentration (%), the left vertical axis representing cladding refractive index, and the right vertical axis representing infrared absorption loss (dB/km). Two curves are included in FIG. 6, the blue curve representing the cladding refractive index and the red curve representing the infrared absorption loss. The blue curve shows a trend of gradually increasing the fluorine doping concentration from 1% to 7% and the cladding refractive index gradually decreases from about 1.468 to about 1.458, and in fig. 6, the "refractive index decreases with increasing F concentration", clearly showing that the fluorine doping concentration has a negative correlation with the cladding refractive index, while the red curve shows a trend of decreasing the infrared absorption loss with increasing fluorine doping concentration, especially after the fluorine doping concentration reaches 3%, the decreasing trend gradually becomes gradual, and in fig. 6, the "3% -5% interval is marked to be stable", showing that the infrared absorption loss changes less and the infrared absorption loss tends to be stable in the concentration interval. Meanwhile, the green rectangular area in fig. 6 is the "preferable concentration 3% -5%", which is based on the comprehensive consideration of the variation trend of the two curves, in this concentration range, the refractive index of the cladding is at a relatively reasonable level, and the infrared absorption loss can be kept in a lower and stable state, so that the requirement of the performance of the optical fiber cladding can be better met, and therefore, the preferable concentration interval of fluorine doping is determined.
Parts or structures of the present invention, which are not specifically described, may be existing technologies or existing products, and are not described herein.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related arts are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，包括由内至外顺序设置的纤芯、包层和低损耗紫外固化涂层，所述纤芯内部分布有纳米点，纳米点中掺杂至少一种金属。1. An optical fiber having both scattering-enhanced and low-loss properties, characterized in that it comprises a core, a cladding, and a low-loss UV-cured coating arranged sequentially from the inside out, wherein nanodots are distributed within the core and are doped with at least one metal. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述纤芯包括由内至外顺序设置的中心区和外缘区，所述外缘区的折射率比中心区的折射率低0.1%-0.2%。2. An optical fiber having both scattering-enhanced and low-loss characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber core includes a central region and an outer edge region arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside, and the refractive index of the outer edge region is 0.1%-0.2% lower than the refractive index of the central region. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述纤芯的直径为8.2μm，所述中心区的半径为0-2μm，所述外缘区的半径为2-4.1μm。3. An optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that the diameter of the fiber core is 8.2 μm, the radius of the central region is 0-2 μm, and the radius of the outer edge region is 2-4.1 μm. 4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述纤芯内部均匀分布有尺寸为20-50nm的纳米点。4. An optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that nanodots with a size of 20-50 nm are uniformly distributed inside the fiber core. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述纳米点中掺杂铒和锗，铒的掺杂浓度为50-80ppm，锗的掺杂浓度为20000-30000ppm。5. The optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics according to claim 4, wherein the nanodots are doped with erbium and germanium, the erbium doping concentration is 50-80 ppm, and the germanium doping concentration is 20,000-30,000 ppm. 6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述纤芯采用掺杂氟化物与氧化硅的复合材料制成，氟化物与氧化硅的摩尔比为0.8%-1.5%。6. An optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber core is made of a composite material doped with fluoride and silica, and the molar ratio of fluoride to silica is 0.8%-1.5%. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述包层采用低折射率氟化硅玻璃制成，所述包层中氟的掺杂浓度为3%-5%。7. The optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the cladding is made of low-refractive-index fluorinated silica glass, and the fluorine doping concentration in the cladding is 3%-5%. 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述包层的折射率比纤芯的折射率低0.3%-0.5%。8. The optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the cladding is 0.3%-0.5% lower than the refractive index of the core. 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤，其特征在于，所述低损耗紫外固化涂层的厚度为25-30μm。9. The optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low-loss characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the low-loss UV-cured coating is 25-30 μm. 10.权利要求1-9任一所述的一种兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：10. A method for preparing an optical fiber having both scattering enhancement and low loss characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1）预制棒制造：1) Preform manufacturing: 首先使用化学气相沉积法，通过精准控制沉积温度和气体流量，在纤芯区域形成掺杂氟化物与氧化硅的复合材料基体，同时引入铒和锗掺杂，使纤芯内部均匀分布尺寸为20-50nm的纳米点；First, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used to form a composite matrix of fluoride and silicon oxide in the fiber core region by precisely controlling the deposition temperature and gas flow rate. Erbium and germanium doping are also introduced to uniformly distribute nanodots with a size of 20-50 nm inside the fiber core. 之后在纤芯外部沉积低折射率氟化硅玻璃材料形成包层；Then, a low-refractive-index fluorinated silica glass material is deposited outside the fiber core to form a cladding; 2）拉丝：2) Brushed: 将步骤1）所得预制棒拉制成光纤，严格控制纤芯与包层的尺寸精度；Drawing the preform obtained in step 1) into an optical fiber, strictly controlling the dimensional accuracy of the fiber core and cladding; 3）涂覆与封装：3) Coating and packaging: 在步骤2）所得光纤外部涂覆厚度为25-30μm的低损耗紫外固化涂层，紫外光固化后封装，形成所需兼具散射增强特性与低损耗特性的光纤。The optical fiber obtained in step 2) is coated with a low-loss UV-curable coating with a thickness of 25-30 μm, and then encapsulated after UV curing to form the desired optical fiber with both scattering enhancement and low-loss characteristics.
CN202511291259.0A 2025-09-10 2025-09-10 Optical fiber with scattering enhancement characteristic and low-loss characteristic and preparation method thereof Pending CN120802425A (en)

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