CN121753668A - A method and system for ecological three-dimensional cultivation of high-sugar loofah - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of towel gourd planting, and relates to an ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method and system for high-sugar towel gourd. The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd comprises the steps of constructing a planting and breeding district in autumn and winter in the previous year, disinfecting water in the planting and breeding district at the bottom of 2 months, putting tadpole seedlings at round heads in the middle of 3 months to 4 months, breeding towel gourd seedlings by using floating seedling raising trays in the beginning of 4 months, transplanting the towel gourd seedlings into a non-woven fabric planting bag placed in a vegetable planting area of the planting and breeding district in the middle of 4 months, guiding growth of towel gourd vines to form a shade shed frame in the middle of 5 months, performing disease prevention and control and field management of the frog in the lower of 6 months to 9 months, harvesting the towel gourd and/or capturing and selling the frog, and cleaning the towel gourd vines for wintering management of the frog. The invention realizes the high-efficiency utilization of land and the cooperation of green production, reduces the dependence of pesticides and fertilizers, controls the pollution of non-point sources from the source, produces the high-sugar towel gourd and frog products with zero pesticide residues, and improves the economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method and system for high-sugar luffa

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of towel gourd planting, and particularly relates to an ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method and system for high-sugar towel gourd.

Background

The fructus Luffae (Luffa aegyptiaca) is annual climbing vine of Luffa of Cucurbitaceae, and has edible and medicinal value of vegetables. The growth period of the luffa is long, the flowering period can last from 6 months to 11 months, and the energy is saved in high-temperature seasons, so that a good shading environment is formed below the shed frame. At present, greenhouse frames are commonly used for planting the luffa, however, in actual production, the soil below the greenhouse frames is always in an idle state, the utilization rate of soil resources is low, and the economic benefit of a single vegetable planting mode is low. The modern agricultural vegetable production is excessively dependent on pesticides and fertilizers, so that the non-point source pollution is aggravated, the soil environment is degenerated, the problem of exceeding the standard of vegetable pesticide residues is caused, and the human health is threatened.

There have been attempts in the art to combine farming with planting in agricultural modes such as:

The invention patent publication No. CN 103210770A discloses a mixed cultivation method of frog vegetables, in the method, a fence with the height of 30 cm is arranged between a tadpole cultivation pond and a vegetable planting field by soil, vegetables are planted in the vegetable field, and greenhouse plants are built around the vegetable field. The frog pond and the vegetable land in the polyculture mode are separated, the frog pond is idle after tadpole metamorphosis development, and land resources are not fully utilized.

The patent of bulletin number CN 203243836U discloses a comprehensive plant of rana nigromaculata (commonly known as frog) and melon and vegetable, a melon shed frame is erected above a cultivation district, high and low trap lamps and feeding table areas are arranged at two sides of the cultivation district, a ditch is arranged in the middle of the cultivation district, two sides of the ditch are covered with gauze cloth, and the rana nigromaculata is prevented from stepping across the top of a slope. The upper end fishing net cloth and the lower end black plastic cloth adopted by the planting and breeding district purse net are fixed on the upright posts, and the main functions are to prevent foreign organisms from entering and prevent the rana nigromaculata from jumping out of the breeding area. Although the mode realizes the sharing of the cultivation area and the planting area, the mode aims at the cultivation of the abnormal frogs, tadpoles still need to be transferred to the comprehensive cultivation farm after finishing the abnormal development in other places, and the survival rate of the frog cultivation is low. In the prior art, the shed frames are far away from a water source, the types of shed frame crops are not limited, and the main effect of the melon and vegetable is that the bred pests are used as food of frog, so that the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

Therefore, a new ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method and system are needed to be provided in the field so as to solve the problems of low land utilization rate, low frog breeding survival rate, poor economic benefit and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method and system for the high-sugar towel gourd are provided.

Specifically, the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) At least one planting and raising district is constructed in autumn and winter in the previous year;

Firstly, constructing a main road, constructing planting areas on two sides of the main road, excavating a ditch in the middle of the planting areas along the long side direction, arranging vegetable planting areas on two sides of the ditch, arranging a table area on the outer side of the vegetable planting areas, constructing ridges around the planting areas, and sharing the same long-side ridge between two adjacent planting areas;

(2) Sterilizing the planting and raising district with water at the end of 2 months, and putting tadpole seedlings with round heads into the planting and raising district in the middle ten days of 3 months to 4 months;

(3) At the beginning of 4 months, cultivating towel gourd seedlings by adopting a floating seedling cultivating plug tray, transplanting the towel gourd seedlings into a non-woven fabric planting bag placed in a vegetable planting area of the planting district in the middle ten days of 4 months;

(4) In the middle ten days of 5 months, tadpoles entering the metamorphosis period and main loofah vines which begin climbing are managed, and growth of the loofah vines is guided to form a sunshade shed frame;

(5) In the last ten days of 6 months to 9 months, performing disease prevention and control and field management on the frog, and harvesting towel gourd and/or capturing and selling the frog;

(6) Cleaning towel gourd vines in 10 months, and performing frog wintering management.

In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, in the step (1), the planting and breeding district is rectangular, the area is 250-500 m ², the length-width ratio is 2:1-3:1, the ditch width is 60-80 cm, the depth is 20-30 cm, the table area width is 1.5-1.8 m and is 10-15 cm higher than the ground, the ridge width is 50-70 cm, the ridge is 50-70 cm higher than the land plane, the purse net is 40-60 meshes of polyethylene net, the lower end of the purse net is buried in soil for 15-20 cm, the ground part is 80-100 cm higher, the upper end of the purse net is folded inwards for 5-8 cm, and the ridge is 2-2.5 m away from the ground.

In the step (2), the water supply disinfection comprises the steps of applying fenpropathrin to the planting and breeding district for disinfection after water is supplied for 15-20 cm, then uniformly sprinkling quicklime for 150-200 kg/mu, draining water after disinfection, re-supplying water for 40-50 cm, and arranging a 60-80 mesh filter screen at a water inlet.

In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, in the step (2), the putting density of the tadpole seedlings with round heads is 17-20 ten thousand tails/mu, water testing is carried out before seedling putting, and Vc phosphate anti-stress agent is sprayed.

In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, in the step (4), the tadpole entering the metamorphosis period is managed by gradually lowering the water level until the water level is exposed out of the water surface of the table area and the vegetable planting area, cleaning weeds, and paving a reflective film or dampproof cloth on the table area for fixed-point feeding.

In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, in the step (4), the towel gourd vine growth guiding method specifically comprises the steps of timely straightening the towel gourd vine to grow towards a greenhouse frame when the main towel gourd vine grows to 60-80 cm, and erecting an iron wire net between greenhouse frameworks above the ditch as a supporting object when the main towel gourd vine grows to 80-100 cm, so that the main towel gourd vine is guided to horizontally extend and grow on the iron wire net.

In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, in the step (5), the disease prevention and control comprises the steps of mixing sterilizing Chinese herbal medicines into feed for prevention, reducing feeding during high temperature, stopping feeding in a planting and breeding district with head-warp disease, performing disinfection and isolation treatment, and reducing the water temperature of a ditch by pumping underground well water or water at the bottom of a water body.

In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar luffa, in the step (3), the width and the height of the non-woven fabric planting bag are both 50-60 cm, the bottom of the non-woven fabric planting bag is of a mesh structure, and the aperture of a single mesh is larger than 0.8 cm.

In another aspect, the invention provides a high sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system for implementing the method, comprising:

At least one planting and raising district formed by enclosing ridges;

The ditch is arranged in the middle of the planting and breeding district;

Vegetable planting areas positioned at two sides of the ditch;

The table area is positioned at the outer side of the vegetable planting area and the inner side of the ridge;

The purse net is arranged on the inner side of the ridge;

a plurality of greenhouse frameworks which are planted in the vegetable planting areas, wherein two ends of each greenhouse framework are respectively fixed at two sides of a ditch of two adjacent planting areas;

The space net is erected above the whole planting and breeding system;

The non-woven fabric planting bag is arranged in the vegetable planting area and is close to the greenhouse framework;

The support net is erected above the ditch and between the adjacent greenhouse frameworks.

According to the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system for the high-sugar luffa, the supporting net is an iron wire net.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) According to the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, the tadpole breeding process, the tadpole metamorphosis process, the adult frog breeding process and the towel gourd planting process are all completed in the same cell, the interference of human factors is avoided, the problems of catching stress, new environment adaptation of seedling placement and the like are avoided, the survival rate of the frog is greatly improved, and the breeding survival rate of the frog is remarkably improved;

(2) In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, the full growth period of the towel gourd exceeds 150 days, the frog is mature in the current year and is marketed in the current year, the marketing time is continuously from 8 months to 10 months, the full cultivation period from 3-4 months of tadpoles to marketing sales of the frog is also over 150 days, and the growth period of the frog is completely matched with that of the towel gourd;

(3) In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd, the towel gourd is shady to the frog, the frog eat insects and the excrement provides nutrients for the towel gourd, so that agricultural non-point source pollution caused by pesticide and fertilizer use is obviously reduced, green organic food is produced through ecological cooperation, and the food safety is ensured;

(4) According to the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system for the high-sugar luffa, disclosed by the invention, the idle land resources under the luffa shed frame are activated through three-dimensional space allocation, a symbiotic ecological chain is constructed, the efficient utilization of land and the cooperation of green production are realized, the pesticide and fertilizer dependence is reduced, the non-point source pollution is controlled from the source, the zero-pesticide-residue high-sugar luffa and frog products are produced, and the economic and ecological benefits are synchronously improved.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system of high-sugar luffa;

wherein, the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system for 100-high sugar towel gourd, 1-planting and breeding district, 2-ridge, 3-ditch, 4-vegetable planting area, 5-table area, 6-purse net, 7-greenhouse skeleton, 8-skynet, 9-non-woven fabric planting bag, 10-supporting net, 11-main road, 12-main water inlet pipe, 13-water inlet pipe and 14-water outlet pipe.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments for a full understanding of the objects, features, and effects of the present invention. The process of the present invention is carried out by methods or apparatus conventional in the art, except as described below. The following terms have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise indicated.

The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd adopts the technical scheme that a towel gourd planting area is reformed to form a single planting area, a ditch is arranged in the middle of the planting area, vegetable planting areas are arranged on two sides of the ditch, table areas are arranged on the outer sides of the vegetable planting areas, greenhouse frameworks are planted on two sides of the ditch, the other end of each greenhouse framework is planted on the sides of the ditch of an adjacent area, the area is filled with water in 3-4 months, tadpoles are planted in the area, meanwhile floating seedling raising hole trays are adopted to cultivate towel gourd seedlings, the towel gourd seedlings are transplanted into a non-woven fabric planting bag and are directly placed on the sides of the greenhouse frameworks of a tadpole culture pond, towel gourd seedlings are planted in the water, a shading environment is formed between the opposite greenhouse frameworks on two sides of the ditch before the high temperature arrives at the end of 6 months, the roots of the towel gourd are penetrated through the non-woven fabric planting bag in the high temperature seasons of 7-9 months, and the roots are planted in soil on the sides of the ditch, so that not only organic manure of the blue-green frog is absorbed, but also a sufficient water source is always available. The finally planted towel gourd has high yield, and the content of soluble sugar is more than one time that of common towel gourd, thereby providing a feasible planting method for planting fruit towel gourd.

Specifically, the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar luffa in combination with fig. 1 comprises the following steps:

Construction of seed-culture cell

In the autumn and winter of the previous year, at least one planting and raising cell 1 is constructed.

In some preferred embodiments, the planting and raising district 1 selects land areas with flat land, convenient water source and good drainage, and the land areas are convenient to transport and stable in power supply.

Wherein the whole area of the land is 15-30 mu, and all places are leveled by a hooking machine;

In some preferred embodiments, the width of the main road 11 is 1.5-2 m, the main road 11 is positioned in the middle of the whole land, and the main road 11 is 50-70 cm higher than the land plane.

In some preferred embodiments, the construction of water inlet and drainage facilities in the planting and raising district 1 comprises (1) embedding main water inlet pipes 12 at two sides of a main road 11, (2) taking water from a river channel, a reservoir or a deep water well by the main water inlet pipes 12, (3) installing reducing tee joints, water valves and PVC pipes at equidistant positions on the main water inlet pipes 12, wherein the diameter of the PVC pipes is 50-75 mm, (4) excavating drainage ditches 3 at the drainage side of the planting and raising district 1, and if only two planting and raising districts 1 are arranged between the two main roads 11, (5) the drainage ditches are 1.5-2 m wide and the ditch depth is more than 1 m.

In some preferred embodiments, the construction of the planting and raising cell comprises (1) constructing planting and raising cells 1 on two sides of a main road 11, wherein the area of each planting and raising cell 1 is 250-500 m ², the cell construction is rectangular, and the length-to-width ratio is 1-3:1; the water valve and the PVC pipe are positioned in the middle of the short side of the planting and raising district 1, the water inlet direction is adopted, and the opposite side is the water discharge direction; (3) building a ridge 2 around the planting and raising district 1, wherein the width of the ridge 2 is about 50-70 cm, the ridge 2 is about 50-70 cm higher than the land level, two adjacent planting and raising districts 1 share the same long-side ridge 2, and the ridge 2 is firm and water-tight; the method comprises the steps of (4) excavating a ditch 3 along the long side direction in the middle of a planting district 1, transferring excavated soil to a food taking area 5 around the planting district 1, wherein the ditch 3 is about 60-80 cm wide and 20-30 cm deep, (5) the food taking area 5 is positioned at the inner side of a ridge 2, the width of the food taking area 5 is about 1.5-1.8 m, the food taking area 5 is 10-15 cm higher than the land plane, (6) burying a water inlet PVC pipe into the planting district 1 through the ridge 2, controlling the water inlet flow through a valve outside the ridge 2, pre-burying a water outlet PVC pipe in the middle of the opposite ridge 2, installing a elbow and a PVC standpipe outside the ridge 2, adjusting the water volume of the planting district 1 through the inclination of the standpipe outside the ridge 2, (7) arranging the ditch 3 in the middle of the planting district, arranging planting areas 4 at two sides of the ditch 3, arranging the vegetable planting areas 5 outside the vegetable planting areas 4, (8) planting a semicircular framework 7 at the vegetable planting areas 4 and equidistant (80-100 cm), two ends of the greenhouse framework 7 are respectively planted at the positions, close to the edges of the ditches 3, of the vegetable planting areas of two adjacent planting areas, a purse net 6 is installed on the inner side of a ridge 2 of each planting area, the purse net 6 is a polyethylene net with 40-60 meshes, 15-20 cm is buried in soil, 80-100 cm is buried above the ground, epoxy resin rods are inserted at intervals of 1.5-2.0 m, the purse net 6 is fixed on the rods (not shown), and the upper end of the purse net 6 is folded inwards for 5-8 cm.

In some preferred embodiments, constructing the fence (not shown), the purse net 6 and the space net 8 in the planting and raising area comprises installing the fence at the outermost periphery of the whole planting and raising area 1, adopting an iron wire net or a color steel fence, regularly installing upright posts on the trunk 11, the ridge 2 and the like in the whole planting and raising area, fixing pull ropes on the upright posts, and fixing the space net 8 on the pull ropes, wherein the space net 8 is 2-2.5 m away from the ground.

Frog cultivation

Sterilizing the breeding district 1 with water at the end of 2 months, putting tadpole seedlings with round heads into the breeding district in the middle ten days of 3 months to 4 months, preventing and controlling diseases of the frog in the metamorphosis period in the middle ten days of 5 months, catching and selling the frog in the middle ten days of 6 months to 9 months, and managing the frog over winter in 10 months.

In some preferred embodiments, the water supply and disinfection of the planting and raising district 1 comprises (1) supplying 15-20 cm of water to the planting and raising district 1 to submerge the feeding district 5, (2) using fenpropathrin to kill the enemies such as crayfish, finless eel and wild trash fish, etc., 3) uniformly spraying 150-200 kg/mu of quicklime to the feeding district 5, the vegetable planting district 4 and the ditch 3 after the sterilization for 3 days, (4) stirring the water regularly to fully dissolve the quicklime and sufficiently kill the soil pathogenic bacteria and leech, (5) draining the water of the planting and raising district 1 after half a month of disinfection, 6) re-supplying water about 40-50 cm, and if river water, pool water, etc. are adopted, using 60-80 mesh bags at the water inlet or the water outlet sleeve of the main water inlet pipe 12 to prevent the pests such as trash fish, water centipede, roe and nymph of the dragonfly from entering the district.

In some preferred embodiments, tadpole-period cultivation management comprises (1) water test is carried out before seedling placement, the method comprises the steps of taking water in a planting and raising district by using a washbasin, then placing 20-30 tadpoles into the water, placing the tadpole seedlings for 24-36 hours, if the death rate of the tadpole seedlings is less than 10%, then placing the tadpole seedlings in the planting and raising district, (2) Vc phosphate is sprayed to the whole pool of the planting and raising district 1 for 1-2 hours before seedling placement, so as to prevent tadpole seedlings from being stressed, (3) when the tadpoles are placed, the tadpoles can be transported away from water in a short distance, the time is controlled within 15 min, and oxygen bags are required to be blown in long-distance transportation, so that the transportation at a lower temperature is kept. The method comprises the steps of (1) putting a seedling bag into pool water of a planting cell after seedling return, keeping the water temperature inside and outside the bag consistent, adding a small amount of new pool water into the seedling bag, then slowly pouring the tadpole seedlings into the planting cell, (4) putting the tadpole seedlings with the feeding amount of 17-20 ten thousand tails/mu and the tadpole seedlings with the same batch specification in order, (5) immediately starting to feed powder after the tadpole seedlings are in water, wherein the protein content of the powder is more than 42%, the daily feeding amount is 3% -5% of the weight of the tadpole, feeding for 1 time in the morning and evening, sprinkling the powder in the whole pool after soaking in water in the early stage, feeding the powder at fixed points after 1 week, feeding at fixed points according to the feeding timing, feeding in a plurality of times in a sunny day, and feeding in a small amount in a rainy day, (7) starting to feed a mixture of the powder and the pellet feed for ensuring that the tadpole is sufficient before metamorphosis, and the individual is large, feeding a small amount of the pellet feed on the water surface for a small amount each day, and otherwise reducing the pellet feed floating on the water surface.

The tadpole seedlings with the round heads entering the planting and breeding district are in the early development stage of the hindlimb buds, after about 1 week of breeding, not only the hindlimb grows, but also the hindlimb starts to conduct five-toe differentiation, then the five-toe is completely differentiated after 15-20 days of breeding, then the tadpole enters the crack development stage after 7-10 days of breeding, and slowly grows out the forelimb, at the moment, the tadpole can start to feed pellet feed with the grain size of 1-1.2 mm, after 7-10 days, more than 20% of tadpoles grow out of the forelimb, about 10% of the tadpole is completely transformed, and after about 2-3 weeks, most of the tadpoles finish transformation.

In some preferred embodiments, the Vc phosphate is fast stable C (L-ascorbic acid content is more than 15%) of Sanpu biochemical technology limited company, the sprinkling amount of the Vc phosphate in the whole pond before seedling placement is 0.2-1 mg/L, and the feeding amount of the Vc phosphate in the frog culturing stage is 1-5 g/kg.

During tadpole cultivation, the invention adopts the following measures to prevent and control bubble disease, hemorrhagic disease, parasites and natural enemies.

The bubble disease is mainly caused by enteritis, when the feeding amount is insufficient, tadpoles can ingest algae, scraps and other substances in the water body, euonymus alatus, microcystis and the like have hard cell wall structures, so that the intestinal tract is hard to digest, and intestinal tract flatulence is caused, and in addition, the water body is overfertilized and eutrophicated, and the tadpoles can eat tiny bubbles in the water body by mistake. The method aims at preventing and treating enteritis by feeding the raw materials in a sufficient quantity at regular time and fixed points, and simultaneously, mixing the astragalus Weng Huangbai powder and the Sanhuang powder according to the dosage of a specification to feed the raw materials for protecting intestines and protecting liver, and aiming at eutrophication of water, changing water regularly to ensure that the water is fat, alive, tender and refreshing.

The tadpole has hemorrhagic disease during the period, and is mainly caused by stress, such as excessive use of povidone iodine in water body disinfection, excessive use of acid in water body detoxification, excessive use of insecticidal water body, and the like, and the prevention measures are to accurately calculate the water body volume of the planting and breeding district, and use the water body according to the safe concentration of the instruction strictly.

If a large number of frog-like sheet insects are parasitic in the tadpole intestinal tracts, ciliate killing medicines are respectively adopted for oral administration for 1 time before and after landing.

The tadpole is required to strictly prevent the dragonfly from spawning in water during the tadpole period, the dragonfly larvae nymph of the dragonfly belong to meat nature and are fierce in nature, the tadpole is favored to be predated, and especially the front and rear limbs of the tadpole are predated, so that the water disinfection, the space net and the water filtering work are required to be performed in advance.

In some preferred embodiments, the tadpole water quality is regulated and controlled during tadpole cultivation by adopting the following measures, namely, the tadpole cultivation is kept with micro-running water in early stage, especially, the water body hypoxia is prevented in overcast and rainy days, emergency measures comprise splashing of particulate oxygen for oxygenation, installation of oxygenation discs and the like, early feed is fermented at the bottom of water to form an oil film to cause the water body hypoxia, surfactants are used for removing the oil film regularly, duckweeds are timely cleaned when the duckweeds appear, otherwise, the duckweeds can overgrow planting and cultivating cells with rising air temperature, the feed cannot be fed, low-toxicity herbicide is timely salvaged or sprayed to kill the duckweeds, povidone iodine or glutaraldehyde is used for disinfecting the water body after raining, daily disinfection is carried out 1 time every 2 weeks, and potassium persulfate compound salt is sprayed to the water body every week to improve the water body quality.

In some preferred embodiments, feeding and tame-raising are adopted in the tadpole metamorphosis period, namely, along with the metamorphosis development process of the tadpole, the water level of a planting cell1 is gradually reduced, when 40% -50% of the young frogs are landed, the water level of the planting cell1 is reduced until the water level of a table area 5 is exposed, when 80% of the young frogs are landed, the water level of the planting cell1 is reduced until the vegetable planting area 4 is completely exposed, water in a water ditch is full of water, after the table area 5 and the vegetable planting area 4 are exposed to the water surface, weeds, especially weeds growing on two sides of the table area 5, are timely cleaned, the abnormal young frogs are prevented from being starved in a grass, the abnormal early tadpole is not ingested, the table area 5 begins to be paved when the landing tadpole reaches 80% -90%, a reflective film or a black dampproof cloth is paved on the table area, and the edge of the reflective film or the dampproof cloth is fixed by inserting plastic nails into soil.

The method for feeding the metamorphosis frogs is to continuously feed the metamorphosis frogs (granular feed with the grain diameter of 1 mm) for a small number of times from the morning to the evening, the metamorphosis frogs have clustered effect, the metamorphosis frogs are gathered at the feeding position of the feeding table area 5 to feed, and the metamorphosis frogs continue to feed at the same position after the feeding is finished, and after the feeding is circularly carried out for 1 week, the metamorphosis frogs are successfully fed, and the feeding is carried out at the feeding table area until the corresponding time point.

In some preferred embodiments, the invention adopts the following daily frog management measures that expanded pellet feed with the particle size of 1-1.2 mm (the crude protein content is more than 41%) is used from the metamorphosis frog to about 2.5-3 g; feeding 10 g-20 g of expanded pellet feed with the grain size of 1.2-1.5 mm (the crude protein content is more than 40%), feeding 15 g-30 g of expanded pellet feed with the grain size of 1.5-2 mm (the crude protein content is more than 40%), feeding 25-g g of expanded pellet feed with the grain size of 2-3 mm (the crude protein content is more than 40%), controlling feeding quantity according to temperature in the frog raising stage, normally feeding in sunny days, properly reducing feeding in cloudy days, stopping feeding in rainy days, daily feeding quantity being 2% -5% of frog weight, feeding at least 2 times, periodically removing weeds growing on two sides of a feeding table area, manually weeding, periodically patrol, particularly paying attention to problems of water leakage, rail breakage, surrounding net 6 and space net 8 breakage, ridge 2 collapse, frog escape and the like, timely processing, and reducing water temperature of a water ditch by pumping underground well water, a reservoir and a bottom water body in high-temperature seasons.

In some preferred embodiments, the invention adopts frog disease prevention and control measures that a feeding table area 5 is cleaned every week, povidone iodine or glutaraldehyde solution is sprayed every week for disinfection, enteritis in a tadpole period can affect frog-stage cultivation if not treated in time, especially, a large number of frog deaths occur after 5-7 months of weather mutation, such as heavy intestinal burden, partial dead individuals show obvious red buttocks symptoms, the red buttocks are anatomically found to permeate skin and muscle layers due to anal hemorrhage, the red buttocks disease/red leg disease needs to be periodically mixed with Chinese herbal medicine preparation for feeding and protecting intestines and liver, vc phosphate is added into feed to improve the strain resistance of frog seedlings, and the frog is extremely easy to suffer from head-warping diseases in a high-temperature season of 6 months to 8 months, wherein the large-size frog is high in infectious quantity, weak in intestinal burden and high in physical risk, the head-warping diseases are prevented mainly due to the fact that the red buttocks infiltrate is leaked into skin and muscle layers, the head-warping diseases are prevented, the feed is well sterilized, and the strain is prevented from being reduced, and the frog is sterilized in a small-sized area, and the strain is sterilized.

When the frog reaches the market specification, the frog is caught by a ground cage. In some preferred embodiments, stopping the material one day before capturing, connecting the ground cages, placing the ground cages on one side of the table area 5 close to the vegetable planting area, manually walking from the places with the frogs, drilling the ground cages due to frightening, quickly lifting the cage, transferring the frogs captured by the ground cages into frog bags (the size of the nylon net bags is 90 cm and the width of the nylon net bags is 50 cm), enabling the single frog bags to be not more than 10 kg, intensively sorting the captured frogs, selling, and also carrying out goods collection, matching one net bag with a frog frame, placing the net bags in the frog frame, uniformly distributing the frogs in the net bags, preventing the frogs from being extruded, stacking the frog frames in multiple layers during transportation, and adopting a refrigerator car for transportation in a high-temperature period.

Before cooling, selecting a breeding district 1 without frog, removing towel gourd vines, taking away a non-woven fabric planting bag 9, and wetting the whole breeding district 1 by adding water. The vegetable planting area 4 and the table area 5 of the planting area 1 are ploughed by a small ploughing machine for one time, so that soil is soft, the frog is easier to hole and hibernate, and finally straw is paved, the frog which is not sold is caught and concentrated to the ploughed planting area for hibernation, the frog throwing density is more than 30 per m ², the straw can be opened periodically to check the hibernation state of the frog during hibernation, and traps are arranged around the planting area 1 to trap the yellow weapons and mice.

According to the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the high-sugar towel gourd, the tadpole breeding process, the tadpole metamorphosis process, the adult frog breeding process and the towel gourd planting process are all completed in the same cell, the interference of human factors is avoided, the problems of catching stress, new environment adaptation of seedling placement and the like are avoided, the survival rate of the frog is greatly improved, and the frog breeding survival rate is remarkably improved.

Seed set of luffa

At the beginning of 4 months, cultivating towel gourd seedlings by adopting a floating seedling cultivating plug, transplanting the towel gourd seedlings into a non-woven fabric planting bag 9 placed in a vegetable planting area 4 of the planting district in the middle ten days of 4 months, managing the main vines of the towel gourd which begin to climb in the middle ten days of 5 months, guiding the growth of towel gourd vines to form a shade shed frame, harvesting the towel gourd in the period from the beginning of 6 months to the beginning of 9 months, cleaning the towel gourd vines in the period of 10 months, and performing frog wintering management.

The traditional loofah is planted in dry land, and needs to be watered regularly, so that water and fertilizer management is not needed in the middle and later period of the planting of the loofah, and time and labor are saved. The water source of the luffa is sufficient in the whole course from the seedling raising, sufficient nutrients are absorbed, the soluble sugar content of the luffa is higher, and the quality is better.

The invention thoroughly solves the problem that the towel gourd can not be planted in the early tadpole cultivation stage by planting the towel gourd seedlings in the tadpole pond at the early stage of 4 months in order to ensure that the towel gourd can form a good shading environment before the high temperature at the bottom of 6 months, and the towel gourd can be planted better earlier

In some preferred embodiments, the cultivation of towel gourd seedlings by using floating seedling trays comprises the steps of (1) preparing a seedling raising pool, wherein the specification of the seedling raising pool generally fully considers the size of the floating seedling raising trays, and a plurality of floating trays can be just accommodated in principle without leaving gaps so as to prevent green algae from growing in pool water; spreading a layer of quicklime powder for sterilization and insect prevention after the bottom of the pond is flat, and spreading a layer of sieving fine sand with the thickness of 1-2 cm; 3-5 days before seedling raising, adding compound fertilizer into seedling raising pond, making the final concentration be 3-10 mg/L, (2) soaking luffa seeds in normal temperature water for 2-2.5 hr, rinsing to remove impurities and seed surface mucilage, draining, then placing seeds in 52-55 deg.C water for 15-20 min, continuously stirring, taking out the shrunken seeds after naturally cooling, rinsing 2-3 times, soaking in normal temperature water for 3-3.5 hr, taking out and draining water, covering with clean wet gauze or towel, placing in a constant temperature oven at 28-32 deg.C for sprouting, 3) preparing seedling raising plug tray, adopting a sleeved seedling raising tray, forming a floating tray by using a lower foamed tray and an upper plastic inner tray, firstly wetting the common vegetable seedling raising matrix with water to semi-dry semi-wet state, then spreading the plastic inner tray, secondly, slightly pressing the sprouted holes of luffa seed into holes downwards, covering the matrix, finally removing the matrix neatly, placing in a wet gauze or towel in a constant temperature oven at 28-32 deg.C constant temperature oven, spraying the seed leaf at a time of about 1000-1000% for about one-day after the time, applying the time for removing the excessive bacterial seed leaf at a time of about 1000-1000% after the time, spreading the time for spraying the bacterial seedling raising liquid for about 1000%, and (5) taking the medicines alternately, properly controlling water and fertilizer to break for hardening seedlings 5-7 days before transplanting, uniformly spraying sterilizing medicines once before transplanting, and transplanting with the medicines.

In some preferred embodiments, seedling transplanting comprises the following steps of (1) transplanting when the towel gourd seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, the leaves are complete and fat, the leaves are dark green, the veins are clear, the roots are thick, the roots are white and developed, (2) filling soil in a non-woven fabric planting bag 9, simultaneously planting the towel gourd seedlings together with a matrix in the middle of the non-woven fabric planting bag 9, planting 1-2 towel gourd seedlings in each non-woven fabric planting bag 9, (3) placing the non-woven fabric planting bags 9 beside a greenhouse skeleton of a planting community, watering the towel gourd seedlings with water of the planting community 1, and (4) inspecting within 1 week after transplanting, finding that seedlings are lack or the seedlings die to be timely complemented.

In some preferred embodiments, the non-woven fabric planting bag 9 has a width of 50-60 cm and a height of 50-60 cm, the bottom of the non-woven fabric planting bag 9 is a mesh structure, and the size of a single mesh is more than 0.8 cm.

In some preferred embodiments, the present invention employs the following management measures for the transplanted luffa noodles:

after 5-7 d of seedling recovery is carried out after transplanting or new leaves grow out, applying a seedling lifting fertilizer once outside 15 cm a from the root system of the luffa in sunny days, and applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer once outside cm a from the root system of the luffa after 20-d a;

When the main vines of the loofah grow to 60-80 cm, the main vines of the loofah are straightened in time to enable the main vines of the loofah to grow towards the greenhouse frame, when the main vines of the loofah grow to 80-100 cm, vines are tied up and put on the frame, the main vines of the loofah are tied up once every 2-3 days, all side vines are removed before female flowers appear on the main vines of the loofah, when the main vines of the loofah grow to 80-100 cm, a supporting net 10 is erected between greenhouse frames 7 at two sides of a water ditch 3 of a planting community, the supporting net 10 is an iron wire net, the iron wire net is cross-wound on the greenhouse frames 7 at two sides of the water ditch in an X shape, in order to ensure bearing, piling can be carried out in the water ditch 3 at intervals, the iron wire net is firmly jacked up, when the main vines of the loofah are climbed to the position of the iron wire net, the main vines of the loofah continue to extend horizontally on the iron wire net right above the water ditch 3, the main vines of the looses, flowers and results are formed under the iron wire net;

during planting, regular inspection is carried out, the main vines of the towel gourd are all placed on the wire netting to prevent the main vines of the towel gourd from continuously climbing along the greenhouse skeleton, the towel gourd is finally penetrated out of the net 8, flowers and fruits are obtained on the net 8, no pesticide is used after the towel gourd seedlings are transplanted, and no chemical fertilizer is used after the towel gourd flowers.

The method adopts the following measures that the loofah is picked when the initial loofah grows to about 22-25 cm, the fruit diameter is 6-8 cm and the weight is 300-350 g, the loofah is picked every 2-3 days, the fruits are picked when the full period is 30 cm or more, the fruit diameter is 8-10 cm and the weight is 600-800 g, the loofah is supplied to the market in large quantity, and the loofah is required to be pollinated (or dipped) manually in drought weather in the later period of the result.

After the towel gourd planting is finished, the vines are cleaned, if the planting community is not used as an overwintering pool, a non-woven fabric planting bag is reserved, and the root and the whisker of the towel gourd in the planting bag are required to be pulled out.

On the other hand, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention also provides a high sugar towel gourd ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system 100, comprising:

At least one planting and raising district 1 formed by enclosing ridges 2, wherein the ridges are used for walking by people and water retention in the planting and raising district;

The ditch 3 is arranged in the middle of the planting and breeding district 1 and is used for supplying water to tadpoles, frog and towel gourd;

vegetable planting areas 4 which are positioned at two sides of the ditch 3 and are used for planting towel gourd;

the table area 5 is positioned at the outer side of the vegetable planting area 4 and the inner side of the ridge 2 and is used for putting feed into the frog;

The purse net 6 is arranged on the inner side of the ridge 2 and used for preventing frog from escaping and preventing wealthy wolves and mice from entering a district;

a plurality of greenhouse frameworks 7 are planted in the vegetable planting areas 4, and two ends of each greenhouse framework are respectively fixed at two sides of the ditch 3 of two adjacent planting areas and are used for climbing the towel gourd;

The space net 8 is erected above the whole planting and breeding system 100 and is used for preventing birds;

the non-woven fabric planting bag 9 is arranged in the vegetable planting area 4 and is close to the greenhouse framework 7 and used for planting towel gourds in water;

The support net 10 is erected above the ditch 3 and between the adjacent greenhouse frameworks 7.

The greenhouse skeleton has the main effects of providing a good shading environment for the rana nigromaculata in high-temperature seasons, reducing the temperatures of ditches, the ground and the air, providing a good inhabiting environment for the rana nigromaculata, and remarkably reducing the incidence rate of head distortion.

The greenhouse framework is a cross-cell greenhouse, and compared with the traditional intra-cell greenhouse framework, the beneficial effects of the mode are mainly embodied in two aspects. First, the shed frame above the ditch is covered by frog, and the cross-district shed frame is above the ridge and the table area of the planting district, and can also cover the covered by labor workers if necessary. Secondly, in order to prevent cross infection between the planting cells, it is generally required that workers do not enter the planting cells, but merely stand on ridges/aisles to perform work. In order to shade as much as possible, the traditional single-cell greenhouse is characterized in that a greenhouse framework is inserted at the edge of a purse net, so that the greenhouse framework can be inserted at the edge of a table area in the purse net, and can also be inserted at the edge of a ridge outside the purse net, and the shading area is larger, so that the greenhouse framework is very inconvenient for workers to feed, clean and disinfect the table area.

In some preferred embodiments, the support net is wire net for climbing and flowering and fruiting of luffa.

In some preferred embodiments, the high sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system 100 further comprises:

A main road 11, the planting and breeding district 1 is arranged at two sides of the main road 11 for people and vehicles to walk;

a main water inlet pipe 12, which is arranged at two sides of the main road 11 and is used for adding water into the planting and raising district 1;

the water inlet pipes 13 are equidistantly arranged on the main water inlet pipe 12, are connected with the main water inlet pipe 12 through reducing tee joints, are arranged at the water inlet of the ditch 3 and are used for feeding water to the planting and raising district 1;

and a drain pipe 14 provided at a drain port of the ditch 3 for draining water in the planting and raising cell 1.

Besides the loofah, the invention also develops a planting and breeding test of the cucumbers, the balsam pears, the white gourd, the pumpkin, the melon, the watermelons, the cucurbits, the sword beans, the omel beans and the frog, and finally, the loofah is screened out to have the best shading effect and duration.

According to the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system for the high-sugar towel gourd, disclosed by the invention, the idle land resources under the towel gourd shed frame are activated through three-dimensional space allocation, a symbiotic ecological chain is constructed, the efficient utilization of land and the cooperation of green production are realized, the pesticide and fertilizer dependence is reduced, the non-point source pollution is controlled from the source, the towel gourd and frog products with zero pesticide residues are produced, and the economic and ecological benefits are synchronously improved.

Examples

The invention is further illustrated by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following examples follow conventional methods and conditions.

Example 1

1. Site selection

Firstly, constructing a main road 11, wherein the width of the main road 11 is about 1.5m, the main road 11 is positioned in the middle of the whole land, and the main road 11 is higher than the land plane by about 50 cm.

The main water inlet pipe 12 is pre-buried at two sides of the main water channel 11, the main water inlet pipe 13 takes water from a river channel, a reservoir or a deepwater well, the main water inlet pipe 12 adopts a PE pipe with the diameter of 120 mm, a reducing tee joint, a water valve and a PVC pipe are arranged on the main water inlet pipe 11 at equidistant positions, the diameter of the PVC pipe is 50mm, a drainage ditch 3 is excavated at the drainage side of the planting and raising district 1, if only two planting and raising districts 1 are arranged between the two main water channels 11, one drainage ditch can be shared, the drainage ditch is about 1.5 m in width, and the ditch depth is 1 m.

2. Construction of planting and raising district

The planting and breeding district 1 is built on two sides of a main road 11, the area of a single planting and breeding district is 250 m ², the district is built to be rectangular, the length-width ratio is 2.5:1, a water valve and a PVC pipe are positioned in the middle of the short side of the planting and breeding district 1, the water inlet direction is the water outlet direction, the opposite side is the water outlet direction, a ridge 2 is built around the planting and breeding district 1, the width of the ridge 2 is about 50 cm, the ridge 2 is about 50 cm higher than the land plane, two adjacent planting and breeding districts 1 share the same long-side ridge 2, the ridge 2 is firm and watertight, a ditch 3 is excavated along the long-side direction in the middle of the planting and breeding district 1, excavated soil is transferred to a food table area 5 around the planting and breeding district, the width of the ditch 3 is about 60 cm, the depth is about cm, the food table area 5 is positioned on the inner side of the ridge 2, the width of the food table area 5 is about 1.5 m, and the food table area 5 is higher than the land plane 10: 10 cm.

The method comprises the steps of burying a water inlet PVC pipe into a planting and raising district 1 through a ridge 2, controlling the water inlet flow through a valve outside the ridge 2, embedding a water outlet PVC pipe in the middle of the ridge 2 on the opposite side, installing an elbow and a PVC standpipe at the PVC pipe orifice outside the ridge 2, adjusting the water volume of the planting and raising district 1 through the gradient of the standpipe, planting semicircular greenhouse frameworks 7 in a vegetable planting area 4 at equal intervals (80 cm), and planting two ends of the frameworks at positions, close to ditch edges 3, of the vegetable planting areas of two adjacent planting and raising districts respectively.

The method is characterized in that a purse net 6 is arranged on the inner side of a ridge 2 of a planting and raising district 1, the purse net 6 is a polyethylene net with 60 meshes, the purse net 6 is buried into soil for 15 cm, the part above the ground is about 80 cm, epoxy resin rods are inserted at intervals of 2.0 and m, the purse net 6 is fixed on the rods, and the upper end of the purse net 6 is turned inwards for 8 cm.

3. Construction of fence and space net in planting and raising area

The fence is installed on the outermost periphery of the whole planting and raising district 1, the fence adopts a wire netting or a color steel fence, upright posts are regularly installed on a main road 11, a ridge 2 and the like of the whole planting and raising district, pull ropes are fixed on the upright posts, and then a net 8 is fixed on the pull ropes, wherein the net 8 is about a distance from the ground 2 m.

4. The frog culturing specifically comprises the following steps:

The method comprises the steps of feeding water 20 cm into a planting area 1 to submerge a feeding area 5, using fenpropathrin to kill all ponds, killing the enemies such as crayfish, finless eels and wild trash fish, uniformly spraying 150 kg/mu quicklime on the feeding area, the vegetable planting area and a ditch after the steaming and killing for 3 days, stirring water regularly to enable the quicklime to be fully dissolved, fully disinfecting and killing soil pathogenic bacteria and leeches, draining the water of the planting area 1 after half a month of disinfection, re-feeding water 40 cm, and sleeving 80-mesh net bags at a water inlet or a water outlet of a main water inlet pipe 12 if river water, pond water and the like are adopted, so that the pests such as the wild trash fish, the water centipedes, the fish eggs and nymph of the dragonfly are prevented from entering the area.

Putting tadpole seedlings at 3 to 4 months, taking water from a planting and raising district by using a washbasin, putting 30 tadpoles into the water, putting 24h tadpoles into the water, developing district seedling putting if the death rate is below 10%, sprinkling Vc phosphate to the whole pool of the planting and raising district 1 before putting 2h, preventing the tadpole seedlings from being stressed, carrying out close-distance transportation, carrying out water-free transportation, controlling the time to be within 15min, carrying out long-distance transportation, and carrying out oxygen-pumping package, and keeping low-temperature transportation. After the tadpole seedlings are returned, the seedling bags are firstly placed into pool water of a planting cell to enable the water temperature inside and outside the bags to be consistent, a small amount of new pool water is added into the seedling bags, then the tadpole seedlings are slowly poured into the planting cell, the tadpole seedlings are put into the tadpole seedlings with the same batch size of regular tadpole seedlings, immediately after the tadpole seedlings are launched, powder is fed, the protein content of the powder is more than 42%, the daily feeding amount is 3% -5% of the weight of the tadpole, the powder is fed for 1 time in the morning and evening, the powder is sprayed in the whole pool after being soaked in water in the early stage, the powder is fed at fixed points after 1 week, the feeding is performed according to timing and fixed point feeding, the feeding is performed on sunny days, and the feeding is performed on rainy days.

The tadpole seedlings with round heads entering the planting and breeding district are in the early development stage of the buds of the hind limbs, after about 1 week of breeding, not only the hind limbs grow, but also the hind limbs begin to differentiate into five toes, after about 2 weeks of breeding, the five toes are completely differentiated, after about 1 week of breeding, the tadpoles enter the cracking development stage, and slowly grow out the forelimbs, at the moment, the tadpoles can begin to feed the granular feed with the grain size of 1mm, after about 1 week, more than 20% of the tadpoles grow out of the forelimbs, about 10% of the tadpoles are completely metamorphosed, and after about 2-3 weeks, most of the tadpoles are completely metamorphosed.

The tadpole is fed with the mixture of powder and granular feed at the 4 th week of cultivation in the cultivation district 1, so that the tadpole is rich in nutrition before metamorphosis and is large in size, the tadpole can be fed for a small amount of times every day according to the condition of granular feed floating on the water surface, and the floating granular feed is added when being eaten, otherwise, the tadpole is reduced.

The prevention and treatment of the head-tilting disease are mainly performed, if a good shading environment is not formed after the towel gourd climbs the vine in the late 6 months, a sunshade net is put on the upper part of a ditch (below a towel gourd shed frame), if the towel gourd is fully paved with the shed frame, the sunshade net is not needed, the surface temperature, the air temperature and the ditch water temperature of a frog rest area are reduced through shading, the shading is continued until 9 months, meanwhile, the feeding is reduced during the high temperature period, and the feeding is stopped in a planting and breeding district with the head-tilting disease.

When the frog reaches the market specification, the ground cage is adopted to catch, the material is stopped before the catching, then the ground cage is connected and placed at one side of the table area 5 close to the vegetable planting area 4, the frog can walk manually from the place where the frog exists, the frog can drill into the ground cage due to frightening, then the frog is quickly lifted up, and the frog caught by the ground cage is transferred into a frog bag (the nylon net bag has the size of 90 cm and the width of 50 cm), and the single frog bag is not more than 10 kg.

5. Towel gourd planting

Preparing a seedling raising pond, spreading a layer of quicklime powder for sterilization and insect prevention after the bottom of the pond is flat, and spreading a layer of sieving fine sand with the thickness of 1 cm. 3-5 days before seedling raising, adding compound fertilizer into a seedling raising pool until the final concentration is 5 mg/L.

At the beginning of 4 months, the seeds of luffa (Zhejiang silk 202) are firstly soaked in warm water for about 2h before sowing, then rinsed with clear water to remove impurities and mucilage on the surface layer of the seeds, drained, then placed in warm water of 52-55 ℃ for 15 minutes, continuously stirred during the soaking, naturally cooled and fished out to be shrunken, rinsed with clear water for 2-3 times, soaked in warm water for about 3-h, fished out to drain water, wrapped with clean wet gauze or towel, and placed in a constant temperature oven of 28-32 ℃ to carry out germination acceleration.

The seedling raising tray is prepared, and is composed of a lower foam tray and an upper plastic inner tray. Wetting the common vegetable seedling substrate with water to a semi-dry and semi-wet state, spreading a plastic inner tray, slightly pressing the exposed luffa seed bud into holes downwards, covering with the substrate, scraping off the redundant substrate, and putting into a seedling pool in batches.

The seed coats wrapped on the cotyledons are removed in time after the seedling emergence, so that the cotyledons are convenient to stretch. Applying 1000 times of liquid of 56% azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil or 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder 2-3 days after seedling alignment, spraying once every week, alternately taking medicines, properly controlling water and breaking fertilizer for seedling hardening 5-7 days before transplanting, uniformly spraying sterilizing medicines once before transplanting, and transplanting with medicines.

When 2-3 true leaves grow, leaves are complete and thick, leaf color is strong, veins are clear, roots are thick, roots are white and developed, transplanting is carried out, soil is filled in a non-woven fabric planting bag 9, meanwhile, the towel gourd seedlings are planted in the middle of the non-woven fabric planting bags 9 together with matrixes, 1-2 towel gourd seedlings are planted in each non-woven fabric planting bag 9, the non-woven fabric planting bags 9 are placed beside greenhouse frameworks of planting cells, the towel gourd seedlings are watered once in water of the planting cells 1, and inspection is carried out within 1 week after transplanting, and missing seedlings or death of the seedlings is found. After 5-7 d of seedling recovery is carried out after transplanting or new leaves grow out, applying a seedling lifting fertilizer once outside 15 cm a from the root system of the luffa in sunny days, and applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer once outside cm a from the root system of the luffa after 20a d a. The specification of the non-woven fabric planting bag 9 is 50cm 60 cm, the bottom of the non-woven fabric planting bag 9 is of a mesh structure, and the size of a single mesh is more than 0.8 cm.

When the main vines of the towel gourd grow to 60 cm, the towel gourd vines are straightened in time to grow towards the melon shed frame, and when the towel gourd vines grow to 80-100 cm, vine binding is carried out, and vine guiding and putting on the frame are carried out. Binding vines every 2-3 days, removing all side vines before female flowers appear on the main vines of the towel gourd, erecting an iron wire supporting net 10 between greenhouse frameworks 7 on two sides of a ditch of a planting and raising district when the main vines of the towel gourd grow to 80-100 cm, winding the iron wire supporting net in an X shape in a crossing manner on the greenhouse frameworks on two sides of the ditch, piling the iron wire net in the ditch at intervals for ensuring bearing, firmly jacking the iron wire net, when the main vines of the towel gourd climb to the positions of the iron wire net, placing the main vines on the iron wire net, enabling the main vines of the towel gourd to extend horizontally on the iron wire net right above the ditch, scattering branches, flowering and fruiting on the iron wire net on the two sides of the ditch, forming a good shading environment below the iron wire net, and not using any pesticide after transplanting the towel gourd seedlings and not using any chemical fertilizer after flowering.

The initial loofah is picked when the initial loofah grows to about 22 cm and the fruit diameter is 6-8 cm and the weight is about 300-g, the loofah is picked every 2-3 days, the full-bearing period is picked when the fruit length is 30 cm or more and the fruit diameter is 8-10 cm and the weight is about 600-g, and the later-stage fruit is picked when the fruit is exposed to high-temperature drought weather and needs to be pollinated (or dipped in flowers) for fruit preservation.

After the towel gourd planting is finished, the vines are cleaned, if the planting community is not used as an overwintering pool, a non-woven fabric planting bag is reserved, and the root and the whisker of the towel gourd in the planting bag are required to be pulled out.

Comparative example 1

The cultivation land is ploughed for 25-30 cm, compound fertilizer is applied for 30 kg per mu, then furrow is made, the furrow width is 1.5-2 m, and the furrow width is 30 cm, so that the construction and drainage are facilitated. The same batch of floating seedling plug seedling transplanting method is adopted for planting the luffa seedlings in the embodiment 1, and soil is kept moist in the seedling stage. When the towel gourd vines grow to 30 cm, the towel gourd vines are erected by adopting a 'herringbone frame' or a flat shed frame. The compound fertilizer is applied 15-20 kg per mu in the initial flowering period, the water demand is large in flowering and fruiting period, watering is carried out once every 3-5 days, and watering is carried out in the morning and evening in the high-temperature period. Harvesting when the melon strips are full and the epidermis is fresh green, and applying fertilizer once every harvesting 1-2 times in the melon holding period.

Test 1 towel gourd specification and quality

The towel gourd specifications and qualities of example 1 and comparative example 1 were analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table:

note that the characters "a" and "a" in the table represent significant differences, wherein "a" in the same column of data represents no significant difference between the two sets of data, and "a" in the same column of data represent significant differences between the two sets of data, respectively.

As can be seen from the table, the ecological three-dimensional cultivated towel gourd of the invention has better growth, and the weight of single fruit is far more than that of the towel gourd of the same-period comparative example 1. The soluble protein and vitamin C contents of the ecologically planted luffa planted in example 1 were not obvious compared with those of comparative example 1, but the soluble sugar content thereof was more than 1 time higher than that of comparative example, which is why the luffa soup was obviously perceived as being particularly sweet.

Test 2 physical and chemical Properties of soil

The physicochemical properties of the soil before and after the seed culture of example 1 were measured, and the results are shown in the following table:

as can be seen from the table, the total nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus contents of the ecological three-dimensional planting towel gourd field are greatly increased after frog cultivation, and the total nitrogen, total potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting potassium contents are slightly reduced.

Test 3 economic benefit analysis

The statistical results of the product of the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding block comprise towel gourd and frog yield values are shown in the following table:

As can be seen from the table, the comprehensive planting and breeding (the combination of the towel gourd and the frog) of the land vegetable is multiplied compared with the planting yield of the traditional single land towel gourd.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.

Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the high-sugar towel gourd is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) At least one planting and raising district is constructed in autumn and winter in the previous year;

Firstly, constructing a main road, constructing planting areas on two sides of the main road, excavating a ditch in the middle of the planting areas along the long side direction, arranging vegetable planting areas on two sides of the ditch, arranging a table area on the outer side of the vegetable planting areas, constructing ridges around the planting areas, and sharing the same long-side ridge between two adjacent planting areas;

(2) Sterilizing the planting and raising district with water at the end of 2 months, and putting tadpole seedlings with round heads into the planting and raising district in the middle ten days of 3 months to 4 months;

(3) At the beginning of 4 months, cultivating towel gourd seedlings by adopting a floating seedling cultivating plug tray, transplanting the towel gourd seedlings into a non-woven fabric planting bag placed in a vegetable planting area of the planting district in the middle ten days of 4 months;

(4) In the middle ten days of 5 months, tadpoles entering the metamorphosis period and main loofah vines which begin climbing are managed, and growth of the loofah vines is guided to form a sunshade shed frame;

(5) In the last ten days of 6 months to 9 months, performing disease prevention and control and field management on the frog, and harvesting towel gourd and/or capturing and selling the frog;

(6) Cleaning towel gourd vines in 10 months, and performing frog wintering management.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the planting and raising area is rectangular, the area is 250-500 m ², the length-width ratio is 2:1-3:1, the ditch width is 60-80 cm, the depth is 20-30 cm, the width of the table area is 1.5-1.8 m, the height of the table area is 10-15 cm above the ground, the width of the ridge is 50-70 cm, the ridge is 50-70 cm above the land plane, the purse net is 40-60 meshes of polyethylene net, the lower end of the purse net is buried in soil for 15-20 cm, the upper end of the purse net is buried in soil for 80-100 cm, the upper end of the purse net is folded inwards for 5-8 cm, and the distance between the purse net and the ground is 2-2.5 m.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the water supply disinfection comprises the steps of applying fenpropathrin to the planting and raising district for disinfection after water is supplied for 15-20 cm, then uniformly sprinkling quicklime for 150-200 kg/mu, draining water after disinfection and re-supplying water for 40-50 cm, and arranging a 60-80 mesh filter screen at a water inlet.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the tadpole seedlings with round heads are put into the container at a density of 17-20 ten thousand feet per mu, water is tested before the seedlings are put into the container, and Vc phosphate anti-stress agent is sprayed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the step of managing tadpoles entering the metamorphosis stage comprises gradually lowering the water level until the water level is exposed to the water surface in the feeding table area and the vegetable planting area, cleaning weeds, and laying a reflective film or a moistureproof cloth on the feeding table area for site-specific feeding.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the step of guiding the growth of the luffa vine strips specifically comprises the steps of timely straightening the luffa vine to grow towards a greenhouse frame when the luffa vine grows to 60-80 cm, and when the luffa vine grows to 80-100 cm, erecting a wire mesh between greenhouse frameworks above the ditch to serve as a support, and guiding the main vine to horizontally extend and grow on the wire mesh.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the disease prevention and control comprises the steps of mixing sterilizing Chinese herbal medicines into feed for prevention, reducing feeding during high temperature, stopping feeding in a planting and raising district with head-warp disease, performing disinfection isolation treatment, and reducing ditch water temperature by pumping underground well water or water body bottom water.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the width and the height of the non-woven fabric planting bag are 50-60 cm, the bottom of the non-woven fabric planting bag is of a mesh structure, and the aperture of a single mesh is larger than 0.8 cm.

9. An ecological stereoscopic planting and breeding system for high sugar luffa, for implementing the method of any one of claims 1-8, comprising:

At least one planting and raising district formed by enclosing ridges;

The ditch is arranged in the middle of the planting and breeding district;

Vegetable planting areas positioned at two sides of the ditch;

The table area is positioned at the outer side of the vegetable planting area and the inner side of the ridge;

The purse net is arranged on the inner side of the ridge;

a plurality of greenhouse frameworks which are planted in the vegetable planting areas, wherein two ends of each greenhouse framework are respectively fixed at two sides of a ditch of two adjacent planting areas;

The space net is erected above the whole planting and breeding system;

The non-woven fabric planting bag is arranged in the vegetable planting area and is close to the greenhouse framework;

The support net is erected above the ditch and between the adjacent greenhouse frameworks.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the support mesh is wire mesh.