CN1237221C - 用于以机械－热方式分离材料的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于以机械－热方式分离材料的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1237221C
CN1237221C CNB018123317A CN01812331A CN1237221C CN 1237221 C CN1237221 C CN 1237221C CN B018123317 A CNB018123317 A CN B018123317A CN 01812331 A CN01812331 A CN 01812331A CN 1237221 C CN1237221 C CN 1237221C
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contact point
cutter
temperature
opposite face
gap
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CN1440476A (zh
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弗兰克·埃尔纳
罗斯维塔·莫勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/06—Severing by using heat
    • B26F3/08—Severing by using heat with heated members
    • B26F3/10—Severing by using heat with heated members with heated rollers or discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/10—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/222—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06H—MARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING OR SEVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
    • D06H7/00—Apparatus or processes for cutting, or otherwise severing, specially adapted for the cutting, or otherwise severing, of textile materials
    • D06H7/22—Severing by heat or by chemical agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B29C66/91423—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools using joining tools having different temperature zones or using several joining tools with different temperatures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/283—With means to control or modify temperature of apparatus or work
    • Y10T83/293—Of tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
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    • Y10T83/9372—Rotatable type
    • Y10T83/9403—Disc type

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过加热且同时压缩材料，来对不同的材料如平幅织物、纱线以及塑料膜进行机械-热方式分离的方法和装置。通过一间隙馈送材料，该间隙形成在一刀具(2)和与该刀具点状接触的相对面(3)之间，其中，可调节电流这样流经该接触点(5)，即，使得在接触点(5)的区域内形成一个与材料密度相适应的温度分布图(14)，不管刀具(2)和相对面(3)形状和直至接触点的横截面如何，刀具(2)和相对面(3)的温度都沿材料(1)的输送方向上升到相同的最大值，接触点以限定的方式被加热。

Description

用于以机械-热方式分离材料的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过同时加热和压缩对不同材料如纱线、平幅织物、塑料膜进行机械-热方式分离的方法和装置。
背景技术
现有技术公开了一些方法和装置。它们不仅用间接加热的固定或转动的刀具、还用直接加热的通电刀具或钢丝弓(Drahtbügel)挤压一相对面，由此熔化和分离连续的材料。
DE4011293A1公开了一种对平幅织物进行热分离的装置，其中，一个加热的平顶钢丝弓作用在平幅织物上，且在机械和热力的共同作用下将它们分离开来，并焊接分离边缘。
DE3027440A1公开了一种织物标签的分离装置，其由一可加热刀和一压板组成，该装置沿逆着刀的一分离边缘的方向压靠在标签带上。
DE2214554公开了一种切割带子的装置，其中设置有一个切割刀具，其具有多个并置的切割刀，它们对一个加热的刀接触辊(Messerkontaktwalze)施压。在这样的情况下，织物门幅(Gewebebahn)仅处于与该刀接触辊相接触的区域中，其中未加热的切割刀具压在该刀接触辊上。
DE2502724公开了分离标签带的刀口的温度必须保持高于标签带的熔化温度，而与刀口相对的板的温度则要远低于该温度。
DE19536963A1和19604735A1公开了一种用宽幅生产织物带的装置，其中设有一组熔化切割器，它们是由两个相互作用力的部件组成的，其中一个部件要被加热。宽幅从相互接触的切割环之间拉出。为了使织物带上有一较软的熔化边缘，设置有一个垫板，它在熔化面的区域中与宽幅的平面发生挤压。
EP0549748B1公开了一种热切割方法，其中，将热切割丝的活动部分设置在与织物幅运动方向垂直的方向上，并与导向面呈一0°到90°间的倾斜角，从而形成一斜面，将熔化料的一部分归入一下脚料带(Verschnittabfallstreifen)，其中，熔化边缘位于织物幅的背面上。
这些已知方法和装置的缺陷在于，在操作方法中，总是加热整个分离装置，且分离装置的温度越接近接触或分离点就越低。如果机械压缩材料并在某一点上快速达到或略微超出材料的熔化温度，以使边缘在该状态下固定下来，就可获得最佳的边缘质量。由于传统分离装置的温度较高，一旦它与材料相接触，熔化过程便立即开始，从而无法实现机械压缩。另外，随着切削要求的提高，例如在高速切削时，能量需求量也过多地增长，从而保证为分离点提供所需的热流。在分离最薄材料、需要最少能量的情况下，也总是使整个分离装置达到所需的熔化或分离温度。在某些应用情况下，分离只是切割的另一优选方案，也就无需熔化边缘。为此，分离装置应尽可能地薄，但在传统方法中，由于在同时保持机械稳定时需要一定量的热流，从而限制了这一点。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种上述类型的方法和装置，利用该方法和装置，克服了现有技术的缺陷，并在消耗能量最少的情况下利用可在较宽范围内变化的升温和机械压缩的组合实现对各种材料的分离。
该任务是由如下所述的方法和装置实现的。根据该通过加热并同时压缩材料来对不同材料如平幅织物、纱线、塑料膜进行机械-热方式分离的方法，将材料引导穿过一间隙，该间隙形成在一刀具和与该刀具点状接触的相对面之间，一股可调节电流这样流经该接触点，即，在接触点区域内形成一个与材料密度相适应的温度分布图，不管刀具和相对面的形状和直至接触点的横截面如何，刀具和相对面的温度都沿材料的输送方向上升到相同的最大值，接触点以限定的方式被加热。
使人工控制或自动调节的电流流经接触点并加热接触点。通过刀具和相对面的几何形状以及它们的材料特性(导热性、导电性、材料合成、涂布、表面处理等)，能在很大程度上对所希望获得的温度分布图和机械性能(压缩、摩擦、挤压等)产生影响。
有利的是，工作时电压很小≤1伏，电流强度由中至强均可，这样，导电性适中及良好的材料都可以作为选择对象。
在借助于刀具和相对面对不同材料如平幅织物、纱线、塑料膜进行机械-热方式分离的装置中，这样相对于相对面设置该刀具，即，形成一个具有点状接触点的楔形间隙，材料通过该间隙导入，该刀具和相对面与一可调节电路这样连接，即，使可调节电流流经该接触点。可使刀具和相对面均固定，也可使其中之一转动或振动，或使两者都转动或振动。在转动式的构型中，如果保证二者总保持接触，就可例如使用轮廓突出的刀具(锯齿形)或能钻孔的刀具。
因为总是接触点的温度最高，所以可在接触点上安置一个与之直接接触或不接触的温度传感器，从而使再调整时间达到最短。
流经接触点的电流同时还可用作故障信号。任何一次电流中断，即使时间非常短，都必然会导致一次材料不分离。
在必要或者要求的情况下，尤其可以采用只切割一个加热点的方法来使材料获得一较软的分离边缘，这样，会在分离点处产生热量，而材料的温度在分离之前仍低于熔化点。
附图说明
下面将在一实施例中对本发明的一个用于分离聚酯材料的装置作出详细说明。其中：
图1示出了本发明装置的示意图；
图2示出了采用现有技术装置时分离点上温度分布图的示意图；
图3示出了采用本发明方法时分离点上(在接触点范围内)温度分布图的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，按照本发明的用于机械-热方式分离不同材料的装置基本上由刀具2和相对面3组成。刀具2和相对面3被这样相互定位，即，其间设置有一个具有点状接触点5的楔形间隙4，材料1(图2、3)便从该间隙通过。
刀具2和相对面3由可调节电路6连接在一起，接触点5通过该电路被可调节地加热。
为调节接触点5的温度，在接触点5上安装了一温度传感器7，该温度传感器在与接触点直接接触或无接触的情况下都能测量温度。
为获取故障信号，在导进或导出接触点5的电路中设置了一电流探测器8。
刀具2和相对面3可具有不同的几何形状。
为阐述本发明的方法，图2和图3对比示出了在使用现有方法和装置(图2)和本发明方法和装置(图3)时分离点或接触点5的温度分布图。
选用同样大小和几何形状的分离装置(刀具2)来做直接对比。由此例如分离可压缩的聚酯材料。材料1的熔点10为260℃。
在图2所示的常规方法中，当材料1的第一纤维与通电的分离弓2一有接触时，熔化过程便开始，因为按原则分离弓2的温度必须远远高于材料1的熔化温度10。出于该原因，也不可能实现机械压缩，并且，在让材料1挤过弓2的过程中，会产生轻微的凸起。因为随后会由分离弓2供热，并通过直至相对面3的接触点5将热量释放给材料1，所以弓2在具有相对面3的接触点5处具有最低温度，但它仍然必须高于材料1的熔化温度10，从而可靠地将其分离。随着材料的速度越来越快(材料沿箭头方向输送)，温差也越来越大，因为在未发生材料接触的弓段上，只有很少的热能被释放出去。
相比之下，在如图3所示的本发明的方法中，熔化温度10没有超出那么多，而且超出的时间也没有那么长。在塑化区12中，材料可被机械压缩，这种压缩可抵消材料在熔化区13中受到的挤压，也可避免凸起的形成。随着材料的输送速度越来越快(如箭头所示的输送方向)，新产生的热能便通过接触点5被传到熔化区13，并被材料1吸收。通过接触点5上的温控，可以确保仅输送能维持温度级所必需的能量。
根据该方法的一优选实施方式，刀具2和/或相对面3为达到最高温度在接触点5的区域中在一中间温度级上预热。基准温度可以例如为材料1熔化温度的80％，这样在接触点5中就只需要相对于基准温度引入切割/熔化所需的热能差。
从所要加工的材料密度和所要采用的材料1的进给速度来看，将对刀具2和/或者相对面3进行的常规加热(基准温度)与根据本方法在接触点5中进行的加热结合起来能扩大该方法的使用范围。
若对基本不能被压缩的材料使用本发明的方法，应该注意，为了避免形成过大的凸起，需要对刀具2的厚度作相应的改变或使它最小化。
若要对边缘进行较强的熔化，可通过刀具2或相对面3采取相应的几何形状来实现。
本发明的方法还保证了其他有利的应用。
可以这样构造相对面3，即，使其在受热时通过接触点5将来自于反面的巨大能量引入材料1中。
如不希望对边缘进行熔化，在熔化时常进行一定程度的硬化。这样在温度低于熔化温度时，在接触点5就能通过加强的机械挤压而实现边缘的塑化性压缩。这样，对具有非热塑性组分的部分也可进行分离。
尤其有利的是，采用该方法可分离下列材料：
—很薄的热塑性材料，因为其热能最小；
—薄的至厚度适中的热塑性材料，其在边缘未压缩的情况下也容易被焊接；
—较厚的可压缩热塑性材料；
—适于挤压切削的材料，其在受热时切削力会减小和/或边缘可被焊接。
附图标记一览表
1材料               2刀具            3相对面
4楔形间隙           5接触点          6电路
7温度传感器         8电流探测器      9刀具的温度曲线
10材料的熔化温度    11压缩区域       12塑化区域
13熔化区域          14材料的温度曲线

Claims (8)

1.一种通过加热并同时压缩材料来对所述材料进行机械-热方式分离的方法，其中，材料通过连接在一端的一间隙被引向输送方向，该间隙形成在一刀具和在一点处与该刀具相接触的相对面之间，使可调节电流这样流经该接触点，即，在接触点区域内形成一个与材料密度相适应的温度分布图，不管刀具和相对面的形状和直至接触点的横截面如何，刀具和相对面的温度都沿材料的输送方向上升到相同的最大值。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述间隙为楔形，且刀具和/或相对面是以固定和/或转动和/或振动的形式构造的。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在接触点上装有一个与之直接接触或不接触的温度传感器，用来缩短再调整时间。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述刀具和/或相对面在一基准温度预热，该基准温度低于在所述接触点实现的最高温度。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过接触点的电流被用作故障信号。
6.借助于刀具(2)和相对面(3)对材料进行机械-热方式分离的装置，其中，这样相对于相对面(3)设置该刀具(2)，即，形成一个通过一接触点(5)连接在一端上的楔形间隙(4)，材料(1)通过该间隙导入，该刀具(2)和相对面(3)与一可调节电路(6)这样连接，即，使可调节电流流经该接触点(5)。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，为了获取故障信号和/或调节接触点(5)的温度，在导进或导出接触点(5)的电路中设置一电流探测器(8)，而在接触点(5)上设置一温度传感器(7)。
8.如权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，刀具(2)和相对面(3)在几何形状、材料性能以及表面处理上都相互一致，以便在接触点(5)的区域内获得理想的温度分布图。
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