CN1237473A - 金属酸洗生产线的NOX和SOx排出物的去除 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及从金属酸洗操作的气体流出物中除去高百分比的NOx和SOx的方法,它包括使所述气流通过含水洗涤器,用臭氧处理该洗涤器的气体流出物,使该经臭氧处理的气流通过第二含水洗涤器,从而除去存在于原气流中至少80%(体积)的NOx和SOx。该两个洗涤器的PA较好为7—14,更为好10—14。
Description
本发明涉及从金属酸洗操作排出的气流中除去有毒化合物NOx和SOx。
酸洗是指在诸如成型或减小尺寸的操作过程中处理金属,除去垢皮和在贮存或早期加工期间所积聚的其它金属氧化物。所述的处理包括将金属置于强的无机酸的水浴中,典型的无机强酸是混有硫酸,氢氟酸或盐酸中的一种或多种的硝酸。在酸浴中所发生的化学反应的结果是,有时由于其中的酸雾的热分解,酸浴上面的气氛包含高浓度的NOx,也可能包含SOx。酸洗槽的气氛通常是定时用干燥的空气和氮的混合物进行清洗的。这种废气在将它排放到空气中之前必须处理以显著减少NOx,SOx和酸性气体。
NOx是指通常存在于废气流中的氮的各种氧化物,即NO,N2O3,NO2和N2O5。这些氧化物按照所给的次序,其氧化程度逐渐增加,对于水溶液,特别是其pH在7-14的碱溶液,其溶解度/反应度也是变化的。一般氧化态越高,其对碱溶液的溶解度和反应度越大。应注意,不象燃烧,其中所生成的NOx的大部分是以NO形式存在的,而从酸洗操作中排出的废气通常包含更高比例的较高氧化态的氮的氧化物,特别是NO2。作为一般比较,通常燃烧产生至少约90%(体积)的NO,其余是NO2,而酸洗操作排出气体一般仅含有约60-65%(体积)的NO,其余为NO2。这些情况也适用于SOx的生成。
目前主要是通过碱性洗涤除去来自酸洗生产线的NOx和SOx,使用多级洗气约可除去40-50%(体积)的上述废气流中的NOx和SOx。然而面临越来越严格的NOx排出量标准,需要更有效的系统。有一种这样的系统是一种湿的氧化系统,该系统在第一洗涤器中使用过氧化氢或氯氧化钠把NO转化为NO2,第二洗涤器使NO2接触还原剂(例如硫代硫酸钠),将NO2还原为氮,氮可以排放至空气中。这种系统的缺点是费用高和可能排放有毒物(例如ClO2)。
另一个用以解决除去NOx问题的技术是选择性催化还原(SCR),它使用催化剂将NOx还原为氮气,使用这种系统来处理酸洗生产线排出物的问题是必须首先去除HF和H2SO4酸雾,例如在洗涤器中,不有效除去这种酸雾将导致催化剂被酸所堵塞或失活,这将导致有害物质从系统排放或“逃逸”至环境中。SCR和其它非催化还原技术也可以要求将气体加热至一个最佳温度以达到最佳的还原反应。
还有另一种除去NOx的技术称为低温氧化。事实上,这是热的排除以后,紧接着以臭氧为基的氧化系统,再接一个湿的洗涤器。用于该系统的摩尔比例是:对于要被除去的每摩尔NOx,最少1.5摩尔的O3。而且,除了相当高的臭氧消耗率以外,这种系统需要一系列的操作步骤,例如热交换,这对于处理来自金属加工酸洗操作的低温饱和排放物是不需要的。
如果一个方法可以有效除去来自金属酸洗操作的气态流出物中的NOx和SOx,将是本领域中一个明显的进步。本发明提供了这样的一种方法。
本发明涉及除去来自金属酸洗操作的气态流出物中的NOx和SOx,包含使热处理槽的气态流出物通过一个碱水洗涤器,用臭氧处理洗涤器的流出物,氧化其中的NO至较高的氧化态,并使该流出物再通过一个碱水洗涤器。
本发明涉及从金属的酸洗操作的气体流出物中除去NOx和SOx的方法的改进。在酸洗操作中,具有金属氧化物垢皮的金属与酸洗的酸类(例如HCl,HNO3,H2SO4和HF)接触。酸通过金属氧化物的外表面转移至金属的表面,在该处反应形成金属盐[例如FeCl2,Fe(NO3)2等等]和氢气。如果金属表面的氢气相层较厚,则由于酸转移至金属表面的阻力增加,使酸洗操作慢下来。因此,任何降低气相阻力的手段都将加速酸洗速率,增加金属的通过量。一种常用的方法是通过鼓入空气以物理方式搅拌酸浴而使氢气泡层碎裂。
由于酸洗操作的特性,用氮气或富氮气体(最好是氮和空气的混合物)吹扫酸洗槽而生成的气体流出物并不是象燃烧气体那样处于高温。气体流出物包含一些挥发性的无机强酸和它们的分解产物,以及NOx和SOx,NOx和SOx的的浓度比燃烧气体中所包含的浓度高得多。由于这些原因,虽然关于除去NOx和SOx的技术选择余地相当大,在此之前还没有一种方法能从酸洗操作排出的气流中除去大于80%(体积)的这些气体。
本发明方法的第一步是使自酸洗槽的排出气体流通过碱水洗涤器。洗涤器的pH必须在7-14,最好是强碱性的,即pH在10-14。应注意,在让其进入洗涤器之前,不必以任何方式(例如让它通过热交换器)处理气流,因为与典型的燃烧排出气体相比较,通常它并不处于很高的温度。典型的酸洗气流包含约1,000-10,000ppm(体积)的NOx。洗涤器是包含在一个合适的耐腐蚀的容器内。通常让气流通入至洗涤器的底部,让它向上流过洗涤器内的水溶液并与其反应。
洗涤器的具体构型对于本发明并不是关键的,只要它提供一个装置使水溶液和气流充分接触以使存在的NOx和SOx有较高的百分比溶于溶液中。例如,可以使用一种立式的对流式填料塔或板式塔,或卧式喷水室。通常,在洗涤器中约2-20秒的停留时间就足以除去较高比例所存在的杂质。本领域技术人员会理解,这里所述的含水洗涤器必须装有一个周期性排出部分洗涤器溶液的装置,以便用新鲜的溶液置换它,或者将杂质清除并将它返回到洗涤器。
在洗涤器中,洗涤液主要与流出物中所存在的较高氧化态的NOx反应。这就是说,其中的NO2以及可能存在的N2O3和N2O5将转化为HNO3或NaNO3。所生成的酸性产物可以排出到常规的废酸处理装置或循环至酸洗槽中。碱水洗涤器可以包含例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钙,可以将所生成的盐类产物(例如NaNO3或CaSO4)浓缩和作为常规的固态/液态废物弃去。碱溶液也中和任何可能被从酸洗槽中带出的酸(如HF和HNO3)。这显然是重要的,因为让这些游离酸流出最初的处理阶段之外是很有害的。
来自初始的洗涤器的气体流出物包含主要处于它们的较低氧化态的NOx和SOx,即NO和SO2使流出物通过传统的臭氧处理装置,这装置可采用本领域普通技术人员所知的任意构型。一般,该种装置可以包含通到下一步骤的通道(例如导管),该通道具有足够长度,使流出物和臭氧彻底混合和反应,让低氧化态的化合物被氧化为较高的氧化态。
臭氧一般是使氧气或空气通过常规的发生器产生并在洗涤器的流出物导入到该处理区的地方或紧接在该点之后导入到臭氧处理区内。通常,最好在臭氧处理区内装设一个常规的分析装置,用该分析装置测量洗涤器流出物中的NOx的含量并调节流入的臭氧混合物中的臭氧含量,即根据需要控制臭氧的产生或其流率,以使流出物中含有正确浓度的NOx。本发明方法中的一个决定性的优点是将初始的洗涤器步骤与臭氧处理和下面描述的相继的洗涤器步骤结合起来,所有步骤中活性反应物的量(即洗涤器水溶液和臭氧)与传统方法相比较分别减少。
将来自臭氧处理的气体流出物通到第二含水洗涤器中,较好也是一种含水碱液。如上所述,水溶解了较高氧化态的NOx和SOx形成相应的酸,它们可以循环至酸贮槽或处理装置中。另一方面,碱与其反应形成相应的中性盐,如上所述可将这些盐输送到常规的废料处理装置中。因为臭氧装置中的处理使较低氧化态的NOx被氧化至较高氧化态,并且第二洗涤器有效地除去了该较高氧化态,第二洗涤器出来的流出物包含约小于20%(体积)的存在于初始流出物中的NOx和SOx,较好是小于10%(体积)。然后将流出物作为任何常规烟囱的废料排出。
本发明所提供的方法能有效地除去存在于金属酸洗流出物中至少80%(体积)的NOx和SOx,对于存在于流出物中每摩尔NOx和SOx只需使用0.7-1.4(较好是0.9-1.2)摩尔的臭氧。这代表相对于已有技术的一个有效的改进。
作为本发明的改进方法中的另一个步骤是:从臭氧发生器产生的一些臭氧也用来搅拌酸槽。所引入的臭氧可补充已用于这种目的的空气,或替代它。臭氧气流将提供机械的搅拌作用,而所存在的臭氧与脱垢反应中所形成的氢气泡发生下述反应并生成水:
本发明的方法可用于纯化来自酸洗大多数金属(特别是黑色金属)的过程的排出气流,也可用于使用浓无机酸(例如硝酸,硫酸之类)的其它过程。除了本发明方法所提供的除去NOx和SOx的高效率以外,本发明的其它优点是除去了有毒气体相的排放,并将它们转化为常规的弱酸和盐的水溶液。该弱酸可用在酰洗设备中已存在的装置中。所生成的废料盐可排出至盐溶液处理装置中,该装置也是已存在于酸洗设备中的一种常规装置。由于使用第一洗涤器和臭氧处理,与其它已知方法比较,本发明系统的总的氧化剂的消耗量是较低的。最终,由于严格控制所使用的臭氧的量,使其保持在所确定的限度内,本发明方法并没有臭氧逸出至出口气体流中。
Claims (7)
1.一种除去金属清洗槽的排出气流中的NOx和SOx的方法,它包括
(a)使金属清洗槽的排出气流通过第一含水碱液洗涤器以除去高氧化态的NOx和SOx,以及酸性气体;
(b)用含有臭氧的气体混合物处理步骤(a)的排出气流,将NOx和SOx氧化至较高的氧化态,其中臭氧的浓度要使臭氧与气流中的(NOx和SOx)的摩尔比约为0.7∶1至1.4∶1。
(c)使所得到的气体混合物通过第二含水碱液洗涤器,以除去在步骤(b)中形成的附加的较高氧化态的NOx和SOx。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于它还包括使含有臭氧的附加气体混合物鼓泡通过酸洗槽的步骤,以增加酸洗效率并使存在的部分NOx和SOx氧化成较高的氧化态。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征还在于所述的两个含水洗涤器中的pH约为7-14。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征还在于所述的两个含水洗涤器中的pH约为10-14。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征还在于其中所述的碱液洗涤器包含氢氧化钠或氢氧化钙。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征还在于步骤(b)中臭氧对排出气流中的(NOx和SOx)的摩尔比约为0.9∶1至1.2∶1。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征还在于它还包括以下步骤:测定步骤(a)的排出气流中的NOx和SOx的浓度和根据上述的测定调节步骤(b)中臭氧的摩尔浓度。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/089,308 US5985223A (en) | 1998-06-02 | 1998-06-02 | Removal of NOx and SOx emissions form pickling lines for metal treatment |
| US09/089,308 | 1998-06-02 | ||
| US09/089308 | 1998-06-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1237473A true CN1237473A (zh) | 1999-12-08 |
| CN1150054C CN1150054C (zh) | 2004-05-19 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB991083040A Expired - Fee Related CN1150054C (zh) | 1998-06-02 | 1999-06-02 | 金属清洗槽排出气流中NOx和SOx的除去方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5985223A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0962247B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4424783B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100325571B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1150054C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU748651B2 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69921389T2 (zh) |
| SG (1) | SG73642A1 (zh) |
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-
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- 1999-05-20 SG SG1999002523A patent/SG73642A1/en unknown
- 1999-05-20 AU AU30158/99A patent/AU748651B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-05-29 KR KR1019990019582A patent/KR100325571B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-01 EP EP99304264A patent/EP0962247B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-01 DE DE69921389T patent/DE69921389T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-02 JP JP15463399A patent/JP4424783B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN102553428A (zh) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-11 | 华北电力大学(保定) | 一种顺逆流喷淋结合氧化剂脱硫脱硝的吸收塔及方法 |
| CN106582283A (zh) * | 2016-07-20 | 2017-04-26 | 西可林控制系统(上海)有限公司 | 一种适用于非连续式金属型材含硝酸酸洗线的scr尾气脱硝处理设备的控制方法 |
| CN106582283B (zh) * | 2016-07-20 | 2022-12-09 | 西可林控制系统(上海)有限公司 | 非连续式金属型材酸洗线尾气脱硝处理设备的控制方法 |
| CN108722133A (zh) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-02 | 张翕 | 一种回收资源的烟道气脱硫脱硝方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100325571B1 (ko) | 2002-03-06 |
| EP0962247A3 (en) | 2001-07-11 |
| DE69921389D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
| JPH11347357A (ja) | 1999-12-21 |
| JP4424783B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 |
| CN1150054C (zh) | 2004-05-19 |
| US5985223A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
| AU748651B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
| EP0962247A2 (en) | 1999-12-08 |
| AU3015899A (en) | 1999-12-09 |
| SG73642A1 (en) | 2000-06-20 |
| DE69921389T2 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
| KR20000005744A (ko) | 2000-01-25 |
| EP0962247B1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
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