CN1292995C - Aerobic initiating method of anaerobic ammoxidation reactor - Google Patents
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- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 10
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及环保技术，特别涉及一种生物脱氮技术(厌氧氨氧化)反应装置的启动方法。本发明提供一种快速有效的厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动和微生物的培养方法，即好氧启动的方法。采用连续培养的方式，以固定床生物膜反应器作为培养装置，以好氧活性污泥作为菌种，以氨氮废水作为培养液，在好氧条件下培养生物膜，使培养过程控制在硝化阶段，在微生物系统的硝化活性逐步增强，生物膜中的硝化细菌得以富集，即好氧培养硝化生物膜成功后，停止曝气，即可启动厌氧氨氧化反应。
The invention relates to environmental protection technology, in particular to a method for starting a biological denitrification technology (anammox) reaction device. The invention provides a fast and effective method for starting an anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor and cultivating microorganisms, that is, an aerobic starting method. Continuous culture is adopted, fixed bed biofilm reactor is used as the culture device, aerobic activated sludge is used as the strain, ammonia nitrogen wastewater is used as the culture medium, and the biofilm is cultivated under aerobic conditions, so that the culture process is controlled in the nitrification stage , when the nitrification activity of the microbial system is gradually enhanced, the nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm can be enriched, that is, after the aerobic nitrification biofilm is successfully cultivated, the aeration can be stopped to start the anammox reaction.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及环保技术领域，是一种废水脱氮新工艺反应装置的启动方法。The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and relates to a start-up method of a new wastewater denitrification process reaction device.
背景技术Background technique
厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)是一种新型的生物脱氮技术，其特征是在厌氧条件下，以NH4-N为电子供体来还原硝酸盐，以NO2-N或NO3-N为电子受体来氧化NH4-N，将氨氮和硝态氮转变成氮气N2，从而达到同时去除两种氮素的脱氮目的。与传统的硝化——反硝化生物脱氮技术相比，该技术具有以下优点：Anammox (Anammox) is a new type of biological denitrification technology, which is characterized in that under anaerobic conditions, NH 4 -N is used as an electron donor to reduce nitrate, and NO 2 -N or NO 3 -N Oxidize NH 4 -N as an electron acceptor, convert ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen N 2 , so as to achieve the purpose of denitrification by simultaneously removing two kinds of nitrogen. Compared with the traditional nitrification-denitrification biological nitrogen removal technology, this technology has the following advantages:
(1)氨直接作为反硝化反应的电子供体，不需外加有机碳源，对于碳氮比较低的高氨氮废水，既可提高总氮的去除率，又节省运行费用。(1) Ammonia is directly used as an electron donor for the denitrification reaction without adding an organic carbon source. For high-ammonia-nitrogen wastewater with a low carbon-nitrogen ratio, it can not only improve the removal rate of total nitrogen, but also save operating costs.
(2)氧利用率高，供氧能耗大幅度下降。因为在传统硝化反应中，每氧化1molNH4-N需氧2mol。而厌氧氨氧化反应中，每氧化1mol NH4-N只需氧0.75mol，需氧量下降了62.5％。(2) The oxygen utilization rate is high, and the energy consumption of oxygen supply is greatly reduced. Because in the traditional nitrification reaction, 2 mol of oxygen is needed for every 1 mol of NH 4 -N oxidized. In the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction, only 0.75 mol of oxygen is needed to oxidize 1 mol of NH 4 -N, and the oxygen demand drops by 62.5%.
在实际的工程应用中，厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动，即厌氧氨氧化微生物的培养是该反应器运行的关键步骤，目前国内外对厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动方法多采用厌氧启动，即以厌氧脱氮装置中的厌氧污泥作为种泥，在厌氧条件下直接启动反应器。该方法存在如下问题：In practical engineering applications, the start-up of the anammox reactor, that is, the cultivation of anammox microorganisms is a key step in the operation of the reactor. Start-up, that is, use the anaerobic sludge in the anaerobic denitrification device as the seed sludge, and directly start the reactor under anaerobic conditions. There are following problems in this method:
(1)厌氧氨氧化菌是一种自养微生物，其生长速度很小。采用厌氧启动，厌氧生物反应速率低，使反应器内的微生物增殖缓慢，启动时间较长。(1) Anammox bacteria are autotrophic microorganisms with a very small growth rate. With anaerobic startup, the rate of anaerobic biological reaction is low, which slows the proliferation of microorganisms in the reactor and takes a long time to start.
(2)种泥需要量较大。(2) The amount of seed mud required is relatively large.
(3)由于反应器内没有亚硝酸盐氮存在，厌氧菌培养后还需驯化厌氧氨氧化菌，启动时间增加。(3) Since there is no nitrite nitrogen in the reactor, the anammox bacteria need to be domesticated after the anaerobic bacteria are cultivated, and the start-up time is increased.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服厌氧氨氧化反应器厌氧启动方法存在的缺陷，提供一种快速有效的厌氧氨氧化反应器的起动和微生物的培养方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects in the anaerobic starting method of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor, and provide a fast and effective method for starting the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor and cultivating microorganisms.
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术解决方案是提出一种厌氧氨氧化反应器的好氧启动方法，其包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to propose an aerobic starting method of an anammox reactor, which may further comprise the steps:
(a)将种泥(好氧活性污泥)投入厌氧氨氧化反应器；(a) seed mud (aerobic activated sludge) is dropped into anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor;
(b)以氨氮废水作为培养液，从反应器底部连续注入反应器，同时，设于反应器内底部的曝气装置连续供应空气；(b) using ammonia nitrogen waste water as the culture fluid, continuously injecting into the reactor from the bottom of the reactor, meanwhile, the aeration device located at the bottom of the reactor continuously supplies air;
(c)在好氧条件下，以固定填料作为微生物的生长载体，将氨氮废水注入反应器，进行好氧培养生物硝化膜；(c) Under aerobic conditions, using fixed filler as the growth carrier of microorganisms, injecting ammonia nitrogen wastewater into the reactor to carry out aerobic cultivation of biological nitrification membrane;
(d)培养初期，采用碳氮比(C/N)大于3的废水，以期利用异养菌生长速度快，使反应器内悬浮细菌的生物活性较高，可大量分泌体外多聚糖，使硝化菌容易在填料表面附着、固定，形成生物膜；(d) At the initial stage of cultivation, waste water with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) greater than 3 is used, in order to utilize heterotrophic bacteria to grow faster, so that the biological activity of suspended bacteria in the reactor is higher, and a large amount of polysaccharides can be secreted from the outside, so that Nitrifying bacteria are easy to attach and fix on the filler surface to form biofilm;
(e)反应器硝化生物膜挂膜成功后，停止曝气；(e) After successful nitrification biofilm formation in the reactor, stop the aeration;
(f)将含氨氮和亚硝态氮的废水注入反应器，启动厌氧氨氧化反应。(f) injecting the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen into the reactor to start the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction.
所述的好氧启动方法，其所述种泥是好氧活性污泥。In the aerobic starting method, the seed sludge is aerobic activated sludge.
所述的好氧启动方法，其所述厌氧氨氧化反应器，采用固定床生物膜反应器。In the aerobic starting method, the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor adopts a fixed-bed biofilm reactor.
所述的好氧启动方法，其所述填料为弹性填料。In the aerobic starting method, the filler is an elastic filler.
所述的好氧启动方法，其所述在好氧条件下培养生物膜，是使培养过程控制在硝化或亚硝化阶段。In the aerobic starting method, the cultivation of biofilm under aerobic conditions is to control the cultivation process in the nitrification or nitrosation stage.
本发明方法具有如下优点：The inventive method has the following advantages:
(1)启动周期短，省时。(1) The start-up cycle is short and time-saving.
(2)启动方法操作简单，运行简便。(2) The starting method is simple to operate and easy to operate.
(3)在厌氧氨氧化反应器运行一定时间后，又可采取间歇曝气来恢复反应器内微生物的活性和使微生物增殖，以保证反应器稳定运行。(3) After the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor runs for a certain period of time, intermittent aeration can be used to restore the activity of microorganisms in the reactor and make the microorganisms proliferate, so as to ensure the stable operation of the reactor.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1本发明方法的反应装置示意图。The schematic diagram of the reaction device of Fig. 1 method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的厌氧氨氧化反应器的好氧启动方法，采用的反应装置见附图1。将种泥(好氧活性污泥)投入厌氧氨氧化生物膜反应器1，氨氮废水作为培养液，废水通过进水泵从底部连续注入反应器，底部安装曝气装置，由风机通过曝气装置向反应器内连续供应空气，提供启动期间生物好氧反应所需的氧气。反应器1内筒里安装固定填料作为微生物的生长载体，在好氧条件下培养生物膜。培养初期，采用碳氮比较高(C/N大于3)的废水，以期利用异养菌生长速度快，使反应器内悬浮细菌的生物活性较高，可分泌体外多聚糖的能力增强，这种粘性的体外多聚糖在细菌和载体之间起到了生物粘合剂作用，从而使硝化菌这类生长速度较慢，生物活性相对较低的细菌较为容易地在填料表面附着、固定，形成生物膜。通过控制氨氮负荷、溶解氧、温度和pH等条件，使培养过程控制在硝化或亚硝化阶段，不断提高废水氨氮的浓度，使生物膜的硝化活性逐步增强，生物膜中的硝化细菌得以富集，好氧培养硝化生物膜成功后，停止曝气，含氨氮和亚硝态氮的废水进入反应器，即可启动厌氧氨氧化反应。The aerobic starting method of the anammox reactor of the present invention, the reaction device that adopts is shown in accompanying drawing 1. Put the seed sludge (aerobic activated sludge) into the anaerobic ammonium oxidation biofilm reactor 1, and the ammonia nitrogen wastewater is used as the culture medium, and the wastewater is continuously injected into the reactor from the bottom through the water inlet pump, and the aeration device is installed at the bottom, and the fan passes through the aeration device A continuous supply of air into the reactor provides the oxygen required for the bioaerobic reactions during start-up. A fixed filler is installed in the inner cylinder of the reactor 1 as a growth carrier for microorganisms, and a biofilm is cultivated under aerobic conditions. In the initial stage of cultivation, waste water with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N greater than 3) was used in order to take advantage of the fast growth rate of heterotrophic bacteria to increase the biological activity of suspended bacteria in the reactor and enhance the ability to secrete polysaccharides from the outside. A viscous in vitro polysaccharide acts as a biological adhesive between the bacteria and the carrier, so that bacteria such as nitrifying bacteria with slow growth and relatively low biological activity can easily attach and fix on the surface of the filler, forming biofilm. By controlling the ammonia nitrogen load, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH and other conditions, the cultivation process is controlled in the nitrification or nitrosation stage, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater is continuously increased, so that the nitrification activity of the biofilm is gradually enhanced, and the nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm can be enriched. After the aerobic nitrification biofilm is successfully cultivated, the aeration is stopped, and the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen enters the reactor, and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction can be started.
本发明的厌氧氨氧化反应器的好氧启动方法，归纳为以下步骤：The aerobic starting method of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor of the present invention is summarized into the following steps:
1、将种泥(好氧活性污泥)投入厌氧氨氧化反应器；1. Put the seed sludge (aerobic activated sludge) into the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor;
2、以氨氮废水作为培养液，从反应器底部连续注入反应器，同时，设于反应器内底部的曝气装置连续供应空气；2. Using ammonia nitrogen wastewater as the culture medium, it is continuously injected into the reactor from the bottom of the reactor, and at the same time, the aeration device installed at the bottom of the reactor continuously supplies air;
3、在好氧条件下，以固定填料作为微生物的生长载体，将氨氮废水注入反应器，进行好氧培养生物硝化膜；3. Under aerobic conditions, use fixed filler as the growth carrier of microorganisms, inject ammonia nitrogen wastewater into the reactor, and carry out aerobic cultivation of biological nitrification membrane;
4、培养初期，采用碳氮比(C/N)大于3的废水，以期利用异养菌生长速度快，使反应器内悬浮细菌的生物活性较高，可大量分泌体外多聚糖，使硝化菌容易在填料表面附着、固定，形成生物膜；(e)反应器硝化生物膜挂膜成功后，停止曝气；4. In the initial stage of cultivation, waste water with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) greater than 3 is used in order to use heterotrophic bacteria to grow faster, so that the biological activity of suspended bacteria in the reactor is higher, and a large amount of polysaccharides can be secreted in vitro to make nitrification Bacteria are easy to attach and fix on the filler surface to form a biofilm; (e) stop aeration after the nitrification biofilm is successfully formed in the reactor;
5、反应器硝化生物膜挂膜成功后，停止曝气；5. After the nitrification biofilm is successfully formed in the reactor, the aeration is stopped;
6、将含氨氮和亚硝态氮的废水注入反应器，启动厌氧氨氧化反应。6. The wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is injected into the reactor to start the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction.
实施例1：Example 1:
请参见图1。See Figure 1.
采用安装弹性填料的固定床生物膜反应器，在反应温度：25～30℃，溶解氧DO：1.5～2.0mg/L的条件下，以处理生活污水的好氧活性污泥作为菌种，通入含有70～100mg/l NH4-N的无机合成废水以及生活污水交替进行好氧培养，经过约1个半月，反应装置进水NH4-N的硝化率可达到95％，表明反应装置硝化生物膜挂膜成功，停止曝气，启动厌氧氨氧化反应。厌氧氨氧化反应阶段，反应温度为29℃，进水NH4-N浓度：120.7mg/L，NO2-N的浓度130.9mg/L，出水NH4-N的浓度：20.17mg/L，去除率83.3％，NO2-N的浓度10.32mg/L，去除率92.11％。A fixed-bed biofilm reactor installed with elastic fillers is used. Under the conditions of reaction temperature: 25-30°C and dissolved oxygen DO: 1.5-2.0 mg/L, the aerobic activated sludge used to treat domestic sewage is used as the bacterial species. Enter inorganic synthetic waste water containing 70-100 mg/l NH 4 -N and domestic sewage alternately for aerobic cultivation. After about one and a half months, the nitrification rate of NH 4 -N in the reaction device can reach 95%, indicating that the reaction device is nitrified When the biofilm is successfully formed, the aeration is stopped and the anammox reaction is started. In the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction stage, the reaction temperature is 29°C, the influent NH 4 -N concentration: 120.7mg/L, the NO 2 -N concentration 130.9mg/L, the effluent NH 4 -N concentration: 20.17mg/L, The removal rate is 83.3%, the concentration of NO 2 -N is 10.32mg/L, and the removal rate is 92.11%.
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| CN102718314B (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2013-07-24 | 北京工业大学 | Method for quick starting of anaerobic ammonium oxidation technology at room temperature in low matrix |
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| CN110862184B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2022-06-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oxygen-deficient fluidized bed device for high-concentration nitrate-nitrogen wastewater treatment |
| CN115161235A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-11 | 山东美泉环保科技有限公司 | Culture method and culture device of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria in treatment of industrial wastewater |
| CN121107598A (en) * | 2025-09-15 | 2025-12-12 | 深圳市水务(集团)有限公司 | Real-time control system, method, equipment and media for aerobic residual ammonia nitrogen in AOA process |
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| JPH0471693A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-03-06 | Aqua Renaissance Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai | Short-term start up method for anaerobic fermentation tank |
| JPH071693A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1995-01-06 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Metal laminating composite polyester film |
| JPH1128497A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-02-02 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Startup method of upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor and apparatus for promoting granule generation in upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor |
| CN1401594A (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Anaerobic sewage biological denitrifying device starting method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0471693A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-03-06 | Aqua Renaissance Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai | Short-term start up method for anaerobic fermentation tank |
| JPH071693A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1995-01-06 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Metal laminating composite polyester film |
| JPH1128497A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-02-02 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Startup method of upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor and apparatus for promoting granule generation in upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor |
| CN1401594A (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Anaerobic sewage biological denitrifying device starting method |
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