CN1299863C - Method for preparing hollow or clad nickel alloy spherical powder - Google Patents

Method for preparing hollow or clad nickel alloy spherical powder Download PDF

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CN1299863C
CN1299863C CNB2005100247984A CN200510024798A CN1299863C CN 1299863 C CN1299863 C CN 1299863C CN B2005100247984 A CNB2005100247984 A CN B2005100247984A CN 200510024798 A CN200510024798 A CN 200510024798A CN 1299863 C CN1299863 C CN 1299863C
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nickel
hollow
nickel alloy
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coated
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CN1676253A (en
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胡文彬
邓意达
沈彬
刘磊
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Abstract

一种空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，将镍盐溶解，加入碱液和还原剂，利用自身反应生成的碱性胶核作核心，以胶核表面作为活性中心，自催化还原剂与镍离子反应，在胶核表面形成镍合金壳体，再经后处理最后得到空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末。本发明可制得微米级和纳米级的空心粉末，同时亦可制得球壳内包水、氢氧化镍和氧化镍的包覆型球形粉末。粉末成分可为镍的二元、三元、四元合金。本发明所制得的空心或包覆型粉末由于其独特的结构，可望在高效催化剂、吸附剂和光电、电磁器件、微波吸收材料以及生物制药等领域得到应用。本发明工艺简单易行、成本低廉，且能有效控制粉末粒径大小及组成成分。A preparation method of hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder, dissolving nickel salt, adding lye and reducing agent, using the alkaline gel nucleus generated by self-reaction as the core, using the surface of the gel nucleus as the active center, and autocatalytic reduction The agent reacts with nickel ions to form a nickel alloy shell on the surface of the rubber core, and then after post-treatment, the hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder is finally obtained. The invention can produce micron-scale and nano-scale hollow powders, and can also produce coated spherical powders in which water, nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide are enclosed in spherical shells. The powder components can be binary, ternary and quaternary alloys of nickel. Due to its unique structure, the hollow or coated powder prepared by the invention is expected to be applied in the fields of high-efficiency catalysts, adsorbents, optoelectronics, electromagnetic devices, microwave absorbing materials, and biopharmaceuticals. The process of the invention is simple and easy, the cost is low, and the particle size and composition of the powder can be effectively controlled.

Description

The preparation method of hollow or clad nickel alloy spherical powder
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of nickel alloy spherical powder, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of ultra-fine hollow or clad nickel alloy spherical powder.Belong to powder metallurgical technology.
Background technology
In recent years, along with people's deepening continuously to nano ZnO and related preparation technical research, hyperfine structure with special appearance and function often shows excellent characteristic at aspects such as chemistry, mechanics, optics, electricity and magnetics, these hyperfine structures are expected to be widely used in military and civilian fields such as chemical industry, electronics, metallurgy, aviation, medicine.The superfines that particularly has hollow-core construction or clad structure, compare with solid powder, not only had all advantages of solid superfines, but also because its special structure shows some novel characteristics at aspects such as chemistry, optics, electromagnetism and biotechnologys.
Ni alloy powder is widely used in the industrial production as a kind of effective catalyst.The particularly rise of superfines technology of preparing in recent years make the preparation of nickel powder towards ultra-fineization, even the direction of nanometer develops.Along with reducing of powder diameter, the specific area of particle improves greatly, so just for particle provides more catalytic active center, thereby can increase substantially the catalytic performance of Raney nickel.Powder is made the specific surface that hollow or loose structure has then further improved particle, can be used as effective catalyst and adsorbent is applied in the industrial production.
Find by literature search, Yong Hu etc. are at " Advanced Materials " (Vol.15, No.9,2003) " Synthesis of Novel Nickel Sulfide Submicrometer Hollow Spheres " (preparation of novel ultra-fine hollow NiS ball) delivered on, reported a kind of drop that the hydrophobic organic matter is dispersed into certain size at the aqueous solution, provocative reaction is under certain condition carried out on oil-water interfaces, finally can get the method for the hollow NiS powder of porous, powder diameter is distributed between 350～500nm.Present this method is commonly used to prepare the inorganic compound powder, does not still have relevant report in the preparation of hollow metal powder.The preparation of hollow metal powder generally is at oxide or polymer template surface deposition metal, removes the material that is coated on wherein by calcination or additive method again and obtains.The hollow powder of this method preparation depends on the selection of template to a great extent, and the removal effect of template also is the major reason that influences product purity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of preparation method of hollow or clad nickel alloy spherical powder is newly proposed, simple for process, with low cost, and can effectively control powder diameter size and constituent by conditioned reaction substrate concentration and technological parameter, and can obtain hollow and nickel ball cladded type.
For realizing such purpose, the present invention utilizes and directly react glue nuclear ultra-fine hollow nickel of preparation and the nickel alloy spherical powder that generates in the aqueous solution, at first nickel salt is dissolved, add alkali lye and reducing agent, the alkaline glue nuclear that utilizes id reaction to generate is made core, and is surperficial as the activated centre with glue nuclear again, self catalyzed reduction agent and nickel ion reaction, form one deck nickel alloy housing on glue nuclear surface, the gained powder obtains hollow or clad nickel alloy spherical powder at last through post processing again.
Concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
(1) solution preparation: nickel salt, alkali, reducing agent are dissolved in deionized water, be mixed with the reductant solution of 80～300g/L metal salt solution, 10～100g/L aqueous slkali and 20～350g/L respectively.
Wherein used nickel salt comprises nickelous sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate.
Used alkali comprises NaOH, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide.
Used reducing agent comprises hypophosphite, boron hydride, hydrazine hydrate, sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate, desirable wherein one or more.
When preparing polynary nickel alloy powder, iron, cobalt and/or mantoquita can be sneaked in the nickel salt, be mixed with isocyatic composition metal salting liquid, wherein the addition of iron, cobalt, mantoquita can be come surely by what that replace nickle atom, and its mol ratio is no more than 20% of nickel at most.
(2) colloid generates: the constant temperature water bath of above-mentioned metal salt solution, aqueous slkali and reductant solution being put into 40～95 ℃ respectively heated 5～8 minutes, constantly stir simultaneously, make homogeneous heating, and in metal salt solution, add additive 0～10ml of 8～20g/L.Then aqueous slkali is poured in the metal salt solution, and stirred, obtain the hydroxide colloid of homogeneous.
Used additive comprises citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, thiocarbamide, acrylic thiocarbamide, KI, ammonium molybdate.Additive can be selected not add, also can add above-mentioned one or more.
(3) decomposition reaction: the reductant solution for preparing is poured in the hydroxide colloid, being reentered into constant temperature water bath heats under aforementioned 40～95 ℃ of temperature, constantly stir simultaneously, take place with afterreaction, a large amount of bubbles are emerged in the course of reaction, occur a large amount of black precipitates in the solution, treat no longer to produce in the solution bubble, i.e. reaction is finished substantially.
(4) post processing: after the sedimentation and filtration of gained, washing, in 55～90 ℃ of baking ovens dry 1～2 hour, obtain including the spherical nickel alloy powder of cladded type of water and nickel hydroxide; This metal dust 250～600 ℃ of following heat treatments 30 minutes to 2 hours, is obtained hollow spherical Ni alloy powder of part and the spherical Ni alloy powder of the cladded type that includes nickel oxide; Above-mentioned metal dust after handling, hydrogen reducing is just obtained hollow spherical Ni alloy powder fully again.Above-mentioned aftertreatment technology can be selected one or more treatment process according to the powder that will obtain.
Hollow or the clad nickel alloy spherical powder of the present invention's preparation is amorphous or crystallite attitude, and gained powder diameter size is 5nm～10 μ m.The powder composition is binary, ternary, the quaternary alloy of nickel.The powder outside is coated by nickel alloy, and inside can be hollow or is full of water, nickel hydroxide or nickel oxide.Powder diameter size and shell thickness can be controlled by the concentration and the reaction temperature of regulating alkali lye, can access micron order or nano level hollow or cladded type powder.Simultaneously by selecting different reducing agents and the concentration of regulating reducing agent can prepare the powder of the binary of nickel, ternary, quaternary alloy.
The present invention proposes first to utilize and directly react the glue nuclear that generates in the aqueous solution, in the generation self-catalyzed reaction of glue nuclear surface, prepares ultra-fine hollow or clad nickel alloy spherical powder.This technology not only can make ultra-fine hollow or cladded type metal dust, and the equipment that adopts is simple, only needs just to be improved on common response device and thermostatic equipment and can use, and technological operation simultaneously is simple.The prepared hollow or cladded type powder of the present invention since its particular structure be expected to be applied in fields such as effective catalyst, adsorbent and photoelectricity, electromagnetic device, microwave absorbing material and bio-pharmaceuticals.
The specific embodiment
Below by several specific embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
The preparation of micron order hollow ball shape nickel-phosphor alloy powder
Nickelous sulfate, inferior sodium phosphate, NaOH are mixed with the NaOH aqueous slkali of nickel sulfate solution, 320g/L ortho phosphorous acid sodium solution and the 15g/L of 260g/L respectively with deionized water, the constant temperature water bath that three kinds of solution are put into 90 ± 1 ℃ simultaneously heated 8 minutes, and in nickel sulfate solution, add citric acid solution 5～10ml of 20g/L, lactic acid 1～3ml, thiocarbamide 2～5ml of 10g/L.Then NaOH is poured into the nickel hydroxide colloid that obtains homogeneous in the nickel sulfate solution.Again the ortho phosphorous acid sodium solution is poured in the nickel hydroxide colloid, being reentered into constant temperature water bath heats under aforementioned temperature, constantly stir simultaneously, take place with afterreaction, a large amount of bubbles are emerged, and reaction is acutely carried out, and occur a large amount of black precipitates in the solution, treat no longer to produce in the solution bubble, i.e. reaction is finished substantially.Wash through ammoniacal liquor, deionized water, acetone respectively after the black precipitate filtration with gained, drying is 2 hours in 55 ℃ of baking ovens, nickel phosphorus is amorphous and crystallite attitude in the gained powder, obtains the hollow ball shape powder of the part of complete crystallization after 1.5 hours through 300 ℃ of heat treatments.Phosphorus content is 7.88% in the hollow nickel-phosphor alloy powder of last gained, and powder diameter is 0.3～2 μ m, and hollow ball shell thickness is 0.05～0.2 μ m.
Embodiment 2:
The preparation of the spherical nickel-phosphor alloy powder of nanoscale cladded type
Respectively nickel chloride, ortho phosphorous acid potassium and potassium hydroxide are dissolved in deionized water, be mixed with the solution of 100g/L, 150g/L and 60g/L, the constant temperature water bath of putting into 90 ± 1 ℃ heated 6 minutes, and in nickel chloride solution, add lactic acid 4～8ml, adipic acid 2～5ml, acrylic thiocarbamide 1～3ml of 12g/L.Then potassium hydroxide is poured into the nickel hydroxide colloid that obtains homogeneous in the solution of nickel chloride, again the ortho phosphorous acid potassium solution is poured in the nickel hydroxide colloid, being reentered into constant temperature water bath heats under aforementioned temperature, a large amount of black precipitates appearred in the solution after reaction a period of time, the back washing is filtered in the black precipitate of gained, drying is 2 hours in 60 ℃ of baking ovens, and the nickel-phosphor alloy powder diameter of last gained is 20～50nm, and powder inside includes nickel hydroxide.
Embodiment 3:
The preparation of the hollow nickel of micron order-cobalt spherical powder:
Nickelous sulfate 200g and cobaltous sulfate 20g are mixed with the composition metal salting liquid of 1L, hydrazine hydrate and NaOH are mixed with the solution of 70g/L and 12g/L respectively, the constant temperature water bath of putting into 55 ± 1 ℃ heated 7 minutes, then NaOH is poured into the hydroxide colloid that obtains homogeneous in the composition metal salting liquid, again hydrazine hydrate solution is poured in the colloidal solution, being reentered into constant temperature water bath heats under aforementioned temperature, a large amount of brownish black precipitations appear in the solution, wash behind the sedimentation and filtration with gained, drying is 2 hours in 55 ℃ of baking ovens, the hollow nickel metal powder particle diameter of last gained is 0.5～1.5 μ m, nickel is the crystallite attitude in the gained powder, obtains hollow ball shape nickel-cobalt dust after hydrogen reducing is handled.
Embodiment 4:
The preparation of nano-level sphere nickel-phosphorus-boron alloy powder:
Nickel chloride and NaOH are mixed with the solution of 100g/L and 50g/L respectively, inferior sodium phosphate 50g and sodium borohydride 20g are mixed with the reductant solution of 1L, the constant temperature water bath of putting into 40 ± 1 ℃ heated 8 minutes, and in nickel chloride solution, add citric acid solution 4～8ml of 20g/L, succinic acid 1～3ml, KI 2～5ml of 10g/L.Then NaOH is poured into the nickel hydroxide colloid that obtains homogeneous in the solution of nickel chloride, again inferior sodium phosphate and sodium borohydride solution are poured in the nickel hydroxide colloid successively, be reentered into constant temperature water bath and under aforementioned temperature, add thermal response, a large amount of black precipitates appear in the solution, the back washing is filtered in the black precipitate of gained, drying is 2 hours in 60 ℃ of baking ovens, and the nickel-phosphorus-boron alloy powder diameter of last gained is 80～100nm, and powder inside includes nickel hydroxide.Obtain being coated with the spherical nickel-phosphorus-boron alloy powder of nickel oxide after 2 hours through 250 ℃ of heat treatments.
Embodiment 5:
The preparation of micron order hollow ball shape nickel-tungsten-phosphorus alloy powder:
Nickelous sulfate and NaOH are mixed with the solution of 210g/L and 15g/L respectively, inferior sodium phosphate 180g and sodium tungstate 120g are mixed with the reductant solution of 1L, the constant temperature water bath of putting into 90 ± 1 ℃ heated 8 minutes, and in nickel sulfate solution, add lactic acid 5～8ml, succinic acid 2～4ml, ammonium molybdate 2～3ml of 8g/L.Then NaOH is poured into the nickel hydroxide colloid that obtains homogeneous in the solution of nickelous sulfate, again inferior sodium phosphate and sodium tungstate solution are poured in the nickel hydroxide colloid successively, be reentered into constant temperature water bath and under aforementioned temperature, add thermal response, a large amount of black precipitates appear in the solution, the back washing is filtered in the black precipitate of gained, drying is 2 hours in 60 ℃ of baking ovens, the hollow powder of nickel-tungsten-phosphorus alloy of last gained directly is 0.4～1.8 μ m, obtains the hollow ball shape nickel-tungsten-phosphorus alloy powder of complete crystallization after 1 hour through 550 ℃ of heat treatments.

Claims (8)

1、一种空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下具体步骤：1. A method for preparing hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder, characterized in that it comprises the following specific steps: 1)溶液配制：将镍盐、碱、还原剂在去离子水中溶解，分别配制成80～300g/L金属盐溶液、10～100g/L碱溶液和20～350g/L的还原剂溶液；1) Solution preparation: Dissolve nickel salt, alkali and reducing agent in deionized water, and prepare 80-300g/L metal salt solution, 10-100g/L alkali solution and 20-350g/L reducing agent solution respectively; 2)胶体生成：将上述金属盐溶液、碱溶液和还原剂溶液分别放入40～95℃的恒温水浴槽中加热5～8分钟，同时不断搅拌使加热均匀，并在金属盐溶液中加入8～20g/L的添加剂0～10ml，然后将碱溶液倒入金属盐溶液中并搅拌均匀，得到均一的氢氧化物胶体；2) Colloid formation: Put the above-mentioned metal salt solution, alkali solution and reducing agent solution into a constant temperature water bath at 40-95°C and heat for 5-8 minutes, while stirring continuously to make the heating even, and add 8 ~20g/L additive 0~10ml, then pour the alkali solution into the metal salt solution and stir evenly to obtain a uniform hydroxide colloid; 3)分解反应：将还原剂溶液倒入氢氧化物胶体中，重新放入恒温水浴槽于40～95℃温度下加热并不断搅拌，反应过程中大量气泡冒出，溶液中出现大量黑色沉淀，待溶液中不再产生气泡，即反应完成；3) Decomposition reaction: Pour the reducing agent solution into the hydroxide colloid, put it back into a constant temperature water bath, heat it at a temperature of 40-95°C and keep stirring, a large number of bubbles will emerge during the reaction, and a large amount of black precipitate will appear in the solution. When no more bubbles are produced in the solution, the reaction is complete; 4)后处理：将所得的沉淀过滤、洗涤后，于55～90℃烘箱中干燥1～2小时，得到包含有水和氢氧化镍的包覆型球形镍合金粉末，粉末粒径为5nm～10μm。4) Post-treatment: After filtering and washing the obtained precipitate, dry it in an oven at 55-90°C for 1-2 hours to obtain a coated spherical nickel alloy powder containing water and nickel hydroxide, with a particle size of 5nm- 10 μm. 2、根据权利要求1的空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于将得到的包含有水和氢氧化镍的包覆型球形镍合金粉末在250～600℃下热处理30分钟至2小时，得到部分空心的球形镍合金粉末和包含有氧化镍的包覆型球形镍合金粉末。2. The method for preparing hollow or coated spherical nickel alloy powder according to claim 1, characterized in that the obtained coated spherical nickel alloy powder containing water and nickel hydroxide is heat treated at 250-600°C for 30 minutes After 2 hours, partially hollow spherical nickel alloy powder and coated spherical nickel alloy powder containing nickel oxide were obtained. 3、根据权利要求2的空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于将得到的部分空心的球形镍合金粉末和包含有氧化镍的包覆型球形镍合金粉末，再经氢气还原处理，得到完全空心的球形镍合金粉末。3. The preparation method of hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder according to claim 2, characterized in that the obtained partly hollow spherical nickel alloy powder and the coated spherical nickel alloy powder containing nickel oxide are heated by hydrogen gas. After reduction treatment, a completely hollow spherical nickel alloy powder is obtained. 4、根据权利要求1或2或3的空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于将铁、钴和/或铜盐混入镍盐中，配制成等浓度的复合金属盐溶液，制备多元镍合金粉，其中铁、钴、铜盐的加入量按取代镍原子的多少来定，其摩尔比最多不超过镍的20％。4. The preparation method of hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that iron, cobalt and/or copper salts are mixed into nickel salts to prepare a composite metal salt solution of equal concentration , preparing multi-component nickel alloy powder, wherein the addition amount of iron, cobalt and copper salt is determined according to the number of nickel atoms replaced, and its molar ratio is at most no more than 20% of nickel. 5、根据权利要求1或2或3的空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于所述镍盐为硫酸镍、氯化镍、硝酸镍或醋酸镍。5. The preparation method of hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the nickel salt is nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate or nickel acetate. 6、根据权利要求1或2或3的空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于所述的碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或氢氧化钙。6. The preparation method of hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. 7、根据权利要求1或2或3的空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于所述的还原剂选自次亚磷酸盐、硼氢化物、水合肼、钨酸钠、钨酸钾中的一种或几种。7. The preparation method of hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of hypophosphite, borohydride, hydrazine hydrate, sodium tungstate, One or more of potassium tungstate. 8、根据权利要求1或2或3的空心或包覆型镍合金球形粉末的制备方法，其特征在于所述添加剂选自柠檬酸、乳酸、丁二酸、己二酸、硫脲、丙烯基硫脲、碘化钾、钼酸铵中的一种或几种。8. The preparation method of hollow or coated nickel alloy spherical powder according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the additive is selected from citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, thiourea, propenyl One or more of thiourea, potassium iodide, and ammonium molybdate.
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