CN1306708A - Absolute time synchronization for mobile positioning in cellular communications system - Google Patents

Absolute time synchronization for mobile positioning in cellular communications system Download PDF

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CN1306708A
CN1306708A CN99807539.6A CN99807539A CN1306708A CN 1306708 A CN1306708 A CN 1306708A CN 99807539 A CN99807539 A CN 99807539A CN 1306708 A CN1306708 A CN 1306708A
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time
value
radio base
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cellular communications
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D·A·林奎斯特
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/0055—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/006—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay using known positions of transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0244—Accuracy or reliability of position solution or of measurements contributing thereto
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/022—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S1/026—Means for monitoring or calibrating of associated receivers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A method and system are diclosed for time-synchronizing a plurality of radio base stations (RBS1-4) in a cellular communications network. A reference terminal (106) (e.g., modified standard mobile terminal) is placed at known locations at each RBS site in the network, preferably as close to the base station antenna (104) as possible. The reference terminal (106) includes an absolute time reference function, which is used to synchronize the RBS (102) with respect to a common absolute time reference. Consequently, a positioning algorithm can be used to determine the position of a mobile terminal (12) in the network with a relatively high degree of accuracy.

Description

用于蜂窝通信系统中移动台定位的绝对时间同步Absolute Time Synchronization for Mobile Station Positioning in Cellular Communication Systems

本发明的技术领域Technical Field of the Invention

发明一般说来涉及移动通信领域，具体地说，涉及用于蜂窝通信系统中精确确定移动终端(TM)位置的方法和系统。The invention relates generally to the field of mobile communications and, in particular, to a method and system for accurately determining the location of a Mobile Terminal (TM) in a cellular communications system.

相关技术的描述Description of related technologies

先有技术公开了用于在蜂窝通信系统中确定MT地理位置的许多方法。一些现有的定位方法利用从MT发送的信号到达无线电基站(RBS)的时间作为定位计算的基础。这些方法通常称为到达时间(TOA)或到达时间差(TDOA)测量方法。例如，在共同测量时刻，几个RBS对来自其位置将被测定的MT的信号的到达时间进行测量。中央计算功能将MT的信号的不同到达时间转化为距离，并把该结果用于确定MT的位置。这种TOA方法的精度主要由突发到达每一个RBS的时间相对于公共时间基准的精确度来确定。从本质上说，为了得到高精度，这些RBS需要接收高精度的时间基准，并且必须知道这些RBS各自接收天线信号通道中的时延。The prior art discloses many methods for determining the geographic location of an MT in a cellular communication system. Some existing positioning methods use the arrival time of a signal transmitted from an MT to a radio base station (RBS) as the basis for the positioning calculation. These methods are commonly referred to as Time of Arrival (TOA) or Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurement methods. For example, at a common measurement instant, several RBSs measure the time of arrival of signals from the MT whose position is to be determined. A central computing function converts the different arrival times of the MT's signals into distances and uses this result to determine the MT's position. The accuracy of this TOA method is primarily determined by the accuracy of the burst arrival time at each RBS relative to a common time reference. Essentially, in order to obtain high precision, these RBSs need to receive high-precision time references, and must know the time delay in the signal channels of the respective receiving antennas of these RBSs.

图1是简化的方框图，它示出典型的先有技术的到达时间的MT定位系统(10)。如图所示，使其位置将被测定的MT 12与RBS(RBS1到4)同步。网络命令所述MT 12产生和发送一个或多个突发(burst)。每一个RBS(RBS1到4)各自对来自MT 12的突发的到达时间进行测量。这些RBS通过与公共时间基准相比较来确定各自的到达时间，并向网络中的中央节点报告各自的到达时间。中央节点的处理器根据那些报告的到达时间对所述MT的位置进行计算。Figure 1 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a typical prior art time-of-arrival MT positioning system (10). Synchronize the MT 12 whose position is being measured with the RBS (RBS1 to 4) as shown. The network commands the MT 12 to generate and transmit one or more bursts. Each RBS (RBS1 to 4) measures the arrival time of bursts from MT 12 independently. These RBSs determine their respective arrival times by comparison with a common time reference and report their respective arrival times to a central node in the network. A processor at the central node calculates the MT's position from those reported arrival times.

所建议的始终跟踪蜂窝系统中的绝对时间的一种解决方案基于对天线时延的校准和使用连接到每一个RBS的绝对时间单元(ATu)。例如，连接到RBS的Atu可以包括全球定位系统(GPS)接收机。由此导出的校准数据存储在RBS的数据库中。One solution proposed to keep track of absolute time in cellular systems is based on the calibration of antenna delays and the use of absolute time units (ATu) connected to each RBS. For example, an Atu connected to an RBS may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The calibration data thus derived are stored in the database of the RBS.

上面描述的绝对时间方法的重要问题是：需要将绝对时间信息从ATu分发到具有已知时延的RBS的接收部分。可是，由于存在许多不同的RBS设备，因此需要知道每一个分发路径的时延特性。另外，需要知道RBS接收机和天线之间的时延，连同接收机中的时延。所用的特定天线安装和接收机设备导致了时延随着安装类型、工作温度、设备老化、接收机类型和电缆类型等而大范围地变化。因此，这种时延变量的数目意味着：使用这样的一次校准程序将提供未知精度的时间分辨率。而且，如果不进行较大的重新设计，这样的绝对时间方法将难以引入到已有的RBS中。An important problem with the absolute time method described above is the need to distribute the absolute time information from the ATu to the receiving part of the RBS with a known delay. However, since there are many different RBS devices, it is necessary to know the delay characteristics of each distribution path. In addition, the delay between the RBS receiver and the antenna needs to be known, as well as the delay in the receiver. The particular antenna installation and receiver equipment used results in delays that vary widely with installation type, operating temperature, equipment age, receiver type, and cable type, among others. Therefore, the number of such delay variables means that using such a calibration procedure will provide a time resolution of unknown precision. Moreover, such an absolute time approach would be difficult to introduce into existing RBSs without major redesign.

除上面描述的MT定位方法外，将不同基站同步到公共“空中帧结构”(air frame structure)已被认为对许多应用有用，诸如在基站之间的简化的MT越区切换、MT定位等应用。一种可用于将基站同步到公共空中接口帧结构(air interface frame structure)的方法是基于终端的移动台定位。例如，一种这样的定位方法利用RBS产生的信号到达MT的到达时间作为MT的定位计算的基础。其位置将被确定的MT(在给定的时刻)测量象该MT所能“听到”的那么多的接收到的RBS信号的到达时间，并计算那些突发之间的到达时间的差。所述MT向其正服务的RBS发送到达时间差信息，该RBS将所述信息发送到包含MT定位计算功能的系统节点。这种方法的精度由MT中到达时间测量准确度和对各个RBS之间的时间差的了解来确定。In addition to the MT positioning methods described above, the synchronization of different base stations to a common "air frame structure" has been found to be useful for many applications, such as simplified MT handover between base stations, MT positioning, etc. . One method that can be used to synchronize base stations to a common air interface frame structure is terminal based mobile station positioning. For example, one such location method utilizes the time of arrival of the RBS-generated signal to the MT as the basis for the MT's location calculation. The MT whose position is to be determined (at a given instant) measures the arrival times of as many received RBS signals as the MT can "hear" and calculates the difference in arrival times between those bursts. The MT sends the time difference of arrival information to the RBS it is serving, and the RBS sends the information to the system node containing the MT position calculation function. The accuracy of this method is determined by the time-of-arrival measurement accuracy in the MT and the knowledge of the time difference between the individual RBSs.

再参考图1，如果所有所示的RBS一起同步，这意味着：每一个RBS的空中接口可借助发射机的天线系统从公共时间基准产生并以相对高的精确度复制。待定位的MT“收听”来自不同RBS的广播信道，测量突发的到达时间，计算它们之间的时延差。Referring again to Figure 1, if all the shown RBSs are synchronized together, this means that the air interface of each RBS can be generated from a common time reference by means of the transmitter's antenna system and replicated with relatively high accuracy. The MT to be positioned "listens" to broadcast channels from different RBSs, measures the arrival time of bursts, and calculates the delay difference between them.

一种这样建议的基于终端的方法将在RBS之间的已知位置设置基准终端。所述基准终端可以利用与待定位的MT相同的定位算法来执行比较位置计算。因此，这种方法将解决上述的变化的RBS时延和非同步的RBS的问题。One such proposed terminal-based approach would be to set reference terminals at known locations between RBSs. The reference terminal may perform comparative position calculations using the same positioning algorithm as the MT to be located. Therefore, this approach will solve the above-mentioned problems of varying RBS delays and non-synchronized RBSs.

可是，上述方法的一个重要问题是：位于不同RBS之间的基准终端将要求现场复杂的功率和气候控制等。而且，找到用于基准终端设备的合适位置并监视其工作将是有问题的。However, an important problem with the above approach is that reference terminals located between different RBSs will require complex power and climate control etc. on site. Also, finding a suitable location for reference terminal equipment and monitoring its operation can be problematic.

而且，由于不同RBS设备之间的变化，使不同的RBS同步是有问题的。如前所述，需要将绝对时间信息从ATu分发到具有已知的时延的RBS的接收部分。Also, synchronizing different RBSs is problematic due to variations between different RBS devices. As mentioned earlier, absolute time information needs to be distributed from the ATu to the receiving part of the RBS with a known delay.

可是存在许多不同的RBS设备，因此需要知道每一个分发路径的时延特性。另外，在这种情况下，需要知道发射机和天线之间的时延，连同发射机中的时延。所用的特定天线安装和接收机设备导致了时延随着安装类型、工作温度、设备老化、接收机类型、连接电缆类型和天线组合设备等而大范围地变化。与上述的基于RBS的绝对时间方法相同，这样的时延变量的数量意味着：使用这样的一次校准程序将提供未知精度的时间分辨率。而且，如果不进行较大的重新设计，这样的绝对时间方法将难以引入到现有的RBS中。However, there are many different RBS devices, so it is necessary to know the delay characteristics of each distribution path. Also, in this case, the delay between the transmitter and the antenna needs to be known, as well as the delay in the transmitter. The particular antenna installation and receiver equipment used results in delays that vary widely with installation type, operating temperature, equipment age, receiver type, connecting cable type, antenna combination equipment, etc. As with the RBS-based absolute time method above, the number of such delay variables means that using such a one-shot calibration procedure will provide time resolution of unknown precision. Moreover, such an absolute time approach would be difficult to introduce into existing RBSs without a major redesign.

本发明的概述Summary of the invention

按照本发明的最佳实施例，提供一种用于使蜂窝通信网络中许多无线电基站时间同步的方法和系统。将基准终端(例如修改的标准移动终端)置于所述网络中每一个RBS位置中的已知位置上，最好尽可能地接近基站天线。基准终端包含绝对时间基准功能，后者用于使各RBS相对于公共绝对时间基准同步。因此，定位算法可用于以比较高的精确度确定网络中移动终端的位置。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method and system for time synchronizing a plurality of radio base stations in a cellular communication network. A reference terminal (eg a modified standard mobile terminal) is placed at a known location in each RBS location in the network, preferably as close as possible to the base station antenna. The reference terminal contains the absolute time reference function, which is used to synchronize the RBSs with respect to a common absolute time reference. Therefore, positioning algorithms can be used to determine the position of a mobile terminal in the network with a relatively high degree of accuracy.

本发明的一个重要的技术优点是：不用在RBS和其有关的基准终端之间引入新的硬件接口。An important technical advantage of the present invention is that no new hardware interface is introduced between the RBS and its associated reference terminal.

本发明的另一个重要的技术优点是：所有时间关键部件都集中在一个单元，因此可以把基于本发明的新定位系统引入到现有的RBS中，而不用替代现有的RBS设备。Another important technical advantage of the present invention is: all time-critical components are concentrated in one unit, so the new positioning system based on the present invention can be introduced into the existing RBS without replacing the existing RBS equipment.

本发明的又一个重要的技术优点是：可相对于无线电空中接口(即天线处)计算到达时间，这使得MT定位算法对不同的RBS时延变化不敏感。Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that the time of arrival can be calculated relative to the radio air interface (ie at the antenna), which makes the MT positioning algorithm insensitive to different RBS delay variations.

本发明的再一个重要技术优点是：所述方法可以用于上行线路和下行线路两者的天线监视。Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that the method can be used for both uplink and downlink antenna monitoring.

本发明的另一个重要技术优点是：可以与天线系统中的时延无关地进行定位测量。Another important technical advantage of the invention is that positioning measurements can be made independently of time delays in the antenna system.

本发明的又一个重要的技术优点是：所述方法可用于RBS之间的精确的时分多址(TDMA)帧同步。Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that the method can be used for precise Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) frame synchronization between RBSs.

本发明的再一个重要技术优点是：用于位置确定的各RBS可临时地设置在暂时位置(例如展览会、体育比赛等)。Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that each RBS used for location determination can be temporarily placed at a temporary location (eg exhibition, sporting event, etc.).

本发明的另一个重要技术优点是：所述基准终端可用作用于基于终端的MT定位的定位基准终端类型。Another important technical advantage of the present invention is that the reference terminal can be used as a positioning reference terminal type for terminal-based MT positioning.

本发明的又一个重要的技术优点是：在定位系统中，具有卫星链路接口的移动RBS可用作定位系统中的移动“跟踪系统”，从而基准终端可起连接到位置算法功能的用户接口的作用。Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that a mobile RBS with a satellite link interface can be used as a mobile "tracking system" in a positioning system so that a reference terminal can serve as the user interface to the position algorithm function role.

附图的简单描述A brief description of the drawings

结合附图参考下面的详细描述可获得对本发明的方法和装置的更完整理解，附图中：A more complete understanding of the methods and apparatus of the present invention can be obtained by referring to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

图1是简化方框图，它说明典型的先有技术的到达时间的MT定位系统；Figure 1 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a typical prior art time-of-arrival MT positioning system;

图2是简化方框图，它说明按照本发明最佳实施例的、用于蜂窝通信网络中时间校准无线电基站的典型系统；Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating an exemplary system for time-aligning radio base stations in a cellular communication network in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

图3是顺序图，它说明一种按照本发明最佳实施例的、可用于图2所示无线电基站中刷新绝对时间信息的典型方法；Figure 3 is a sequence diagram illustrating an exemplary method for refreshing absolute time information that may be used in the radio base station shown in Figure 2 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

图4是顺序图，它说明按照本发明最佳实施例的、最初(例如在系统建立时)可用来确定蜂窝通信网络中基站位置的典型的到达时间测量顺序；和Figure 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating a typical time-of-arrival measurement sequence that may be used initially (e.g., at system setup) to determine the location of a base station in a cellular communications network, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

图5是顺序图，它说明按照本发明最佳实施例的、可以在确定蜂窝通信网络中移动终端位置的时候使用的典型的到达时间测量顺序。Figure 5 is a sequence diagram illustrating a typical time-of-arrival measurement sequence that may be used in determining the location of a mobile terminal in a cellular communication network in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

通过参考附图的图2到图5更好地理解本发明的最佳实施例和其优点，各图的相同的和对应的部分使用相同的标号。A better understanding of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and its advantages may be better understood by referring to Figures 2 through 5 of the drawings, like and corresponding parts of the various Figures being numbered the same.

图2是简化方框图，它说明按照本发明最佳实施例的、用于蜂窝通信网络中时间校准无线电基站的典型系统(100)。系统100包括连接到天线子系统104的RBS102。出于解释的目的，以全球移动通信系统(GSM)网络的一部分的形式来描述所示的典型系统100。可是，本发明不限于GMS，而可以包括任何合适的利用无线电信号定时(例如TDMA)来确定移动终端位置的蜂窝网络。并且，尽管仅仅示出一个用于对RBS(102)进行时间校准的典型系统100，然而可以在蜂窝通信网络中许多用于对其它RBS(未示出)进行时间校准的类似系统中重复系统100。Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating an exemplary system (100) for time aligning radio base stations in a cellular communication network in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. System 100 includes RBS 102 connected to antenna subsystem 104 . For purposes of explanation, the exemplary system 100 shown is depicted as part of a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network. However, the invention is not limited to GMS but may include any suitable cellular network which utilizes radio signal timing (eg TDMA) to determine the location of a mobile terminal. Also, although only one exemplary system 100 for time aligning an RBS (102) is shown, the system 100 can be repeated in many similar systems for time aligning other RBSs (not shown) in a cellular communication network .

系统100还包括基准终端(RT)106，后者最好由有线线路连接108连接到RBS102。有线线路连接108可从RBS102向RT106提供电源。线路108可任选地提供RBS102和RT106之间的数据通信，但由于需要增加硬件(数据接口)，因而将不能实现本发明的全部技术优点。System 100 also includes reference terminal (RT) 106 which is preferably connected to RBS 102 by wireline connection 108 . Wireline connection 108 may provide power from RBS 102 to RT 106 . Line 108 may optionally provide data communication between RBS 102 and RT 106, but will not realize the full technical advantages of the present invention due to the additional hardware (data interface) required.

RT106可以是修改的标准MT。对于本实施例，RT106是具有校准的传输时延的MT。例如，出于校准的目的，与天线电缆110的时延特性一道，预定并本地存储RT106所固有的内在时延。电缆110(具有已知的时延)将RT106连接到发送/接收天线112。对于该典型实施例而言，天线112是组合的GSM发送/接收天线部分和GPS接收天线部分的天线。RT 106 may be a modified standard MT. For this embodiment, RT 106 is an MT with a calibrated transmission delay. For example, the inherent delay inherent in RT 106 is predetermined and locally stored along with the delay characteristics of antenna cable 110 for calibration purposes. Cable 110 (with known time delay) connects RT 106 to transmit/receive antenna 112 . For the exemplary embodiment, antenna 112 is a combined GSM transmit/receive antenna section and GPS receive antenna section antenna.

除了标准MT部件外，RT106还包括绝对时间基准单元(未示出)。对于该实施例而言，绝对时间基准单元可以是GPS接收机。因此，RT106可以从GPS接收机接收高精确定时信号和/或RT106的绝对位置信息。因此，如果RT106与RBS102在同一位置，或者距RBS102的位置和方向已知，那么，还可以知道RBS的绝对位置。在RT106中的GPS接收机可与所述RT中的锁相环(PLL)同步。这样用PPL从绝对时间基准单元导出的绝对时间信息被RT106中的处理器用来精确标记所述RT经空中接口发送每一个突发的时刻。所述RT将该突发定时信息存储在本地存储器中，最好还经由无线电空中接口将所述绝对时间信息(例如在时间T发送的突发X)发送到RBS102。还可由RBS102利用标准消息传送协议将突发定时信息发送到其它网络部件。象下面将更详细地描述的那样，蜂窝网络中许多RBS中的每一个RBS所知的各自的绝对突发定时信息被TOA或TDOA定位算法用来更准确地确定移动终端的位置。In addition to standard MT components, RT 106 includes an absolute time reference unit (not shown). For this embodiment, the absolute time reference unit may be a GPS receiver. Accordingly, RT 106 may receive highly accurate timing signals and/or absolute position information of RT 106 from a GPS receiver. Therefore, if the RT 106 is co-located with the RBS 102, or the position and direction from the RBS 102 are known, then the absolute position of the RBS can also be known. A GPS receiver in RT 106 may be synchronized with a phase locked loop (PLL) in the RT. The absolute time information thus derived from the absolute time reference unit using the PPL is used by the processor in the RT 106 to precisely mark the moment at which each burst is sent by the RT over the air interface. The RT stores this burst timing information in local memory and also sends the absolute time information (eg burst X sent at time T) to the RBS 102, preferably via the radio air interface. Burst timing information may also be sent by RBS 102 to other network elements using standard messaging protocols. As will be described in more detail below, the respective absolute burst timing information known to each of the many RBSs in the cellular network is used by TOA or TDOA positioning algorithms to more accurately determine the location of the mobile terminal.

图3是顺序图，它说明一种按照本发明最佳实施例的、可用于图2所示的RBS102(或任何类似的网络RBS)中刷新绝对时间信息的典型方法。象用于解释目的所示的那样，将绝对时间刷新方法200应用于RBSb(例如图2中的RBS102)和其相联系的RT(例如RT106)。可是，还可将所述方法应用于每一个其它网络RBS(例如RBSc 102’和RBSa 102”)中刷新绝对时间信息。FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram illustrating a typical method that may be used in the RBS 102 shown in FIG. 2 (or any similar network RBS) to refresh absolute time information in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown for illustration purposes, the absolute time refresh method 200 is applied to an RBSb (eg, RBS 102 in FIG. 2 ) and its associated RT (eg, RT 106 ). However, the method can also be applied to refresh absolute time information in every other network RBS (e.g. RBSc 102' and RBSa 102").

在所述典型方法的步骤202,RBS 102与其相联系的RT 106(最好经由无线电空中接口)连接并命令RT 106产生用于发送的突发(测量-或M-突发)。对此作出响应，RT106读入(例如经由连接到GPS接收机的PLL)绝对时间，同时经由天线单元112通过空中接口发送M-突发。并且，RT106将M-突发的基准绝对时间值(所述突发的绝对发送时间，或At0)存储在本地存储器中。In step 202 of the exemplary method, the RBS 102 connects with its associated RT 106 (preferably via a radio air interface) and commands the RT 106 to generate bursts (measurement- or M-bursts) for transmission. In response to this, the RT 106 reads (eg via a PLL connected to the GPS receiver) the absolute time while simultaneously transmitting an M-burst over the air interface via the antenna unit 112 . Also, RT 106 stores the base absolute time value of the M-burst (the absolute transmission time of the burst, or At 0 ) in local memory.

在步骤204，由RBS102经由天线子系统104接收所述发送的M-突发。RBS102测量所接收的M-突发的到达时间，并将所述测量的到达时间值与存储在所述RBS中的绝对时间计数器(AT-CNT)值相联系。将所接收的M-突发的到达时间(At1)存储在所述RBS102的本地存储器中。At step 204 , the transmitted M-burst is received by RBS 102 via antenna subsystem 104 . The RBS 102 measures the time of arrival of the received M-burst and relates the measured time of arrival value to an absolute time counter (AT-CNT) value stored in the RBS. The time of arrival (At 1 ) of the received M-burst is stored in local memory of the RBS 102 .

在步骤206,RBS102与其相关的RT106连接(最好经由所述无线电空中接口)并请求M-突发发送时间信息(At0)。对此作出响应，在步骤208,RT106最好经由所述空中接口向RBS102发送请求的信息。RBS102(内部处理器)然后计算M-突发的发送基准时间值(At0)与接收的到达时间值(At1)间的差值。RBS102中的处理器使用差值(Δt)把AT-CNT中的绝对时间值刷新为差值(Δt)并由此补偿任何先有的时间误差。在可定期出现的各M-突发刷新之间，RBS102利用AT-CNT通过对内部时间周期计数(例如，利用内部TDMA时钟，AT-CNT可在周期的绝对时间刷新或校准事件之间“自由转向”(“free wheel”))来继续提供绝对时间。因此，出于MT定位目的，从其位置待确定的MT接收到的信号的到达时间可以以本发明提供的在有关的RBS的接收天线端口测量的高精度的绝对时间基准为基础。换句话说，用于高精度到达时间测量的基准点在有关的RBS的接收天线端口。因此，按照本发明，接收天线(例如104)和RBS(102)之间的时延已经被补偿。At step 206, RBS 102 connects with its associated RT 106 (preferably via the radio air interface) and requests M-burst transmission time information (At 0 ). In response thereto, at step 208, RT 106 transmits the requested information to RBS 102, preferably via the air interface. The RBS 102 (internal processor) then calculates the difference between the transmitted reference time value (At 0 ) and the received arrival time value (At 1 ) of the M-burst. The processor in the RBS 102 uses the delta (Δt) to refresh the absolute time value in the AT-CNT to the delta (Δt) and thereby compensate for any pre-existing time errors. Between M-burst refreshes that may occur periodically, the RBS 102 utilizes the AT-CNT by counting internal time periods (e.g., using the internal TDMA clock, the AT-CNT can be "free" between periodic absolute time refresh or calibration events) Turn to"("freewheel")) to continue to provide absolute time. Thus, for MT positioning purposes, the time of arrival of a signal received from an MT whose position is to be determined can be based on the high accuracy absolute time reference measured at the receive antenna port of the associated RBS provided by the present invention. In other words, the reference point for high-accuracy time-of-arrival measurements is at the receiving antenna port of the associated RBS. Thus, according to the present invention, the time delay between the receive antenna (eg 104) and the RBS (102) has been compensated.

在所述最佳实施例的一个不同方面，下列方法可用来使RBS网络中的TDMA操作同步。网络基站控制器(BSC)或移动业务交换中心(MSC)向所有有关RBS(例如，类似于RBS102的每一个RBS)发送消息，命令所述各RBS根据给定的绝对开始时间值(TDMA-start)对TDMA时隙的产生和传输进行时间对准。每一个RBS利用上述AT-CNT值来等待TDMA-start命令并开始(或调整)各自的RBS的TDMA计数器。上述绝对时间计数器刷新方法200还可用来提高网络中TDMA定时的精度。网络BSC(或MSC)可请求各RBS以已知的绝对时间提供其各自的TDMA计数器值，以便监视网络同步精度。In a different aspect of the described preferred embodiment, the following method may be used to synchronize TDMA operation in an RBS network. A network base station controller (BSC) or mobile services switching center (MSC) sends a message to all concerned RBSs (e.g., each RBS similar to RBS 102) ordering said RBSs to start at a given absolute start time value (TDMA-start ) time-aligns the generation and transmission of TDMA time slots. Each RBS waits for a TDMA-start command and starts (or adjusts) the respective RBS's TDMA counter with the above AT-CNT value. The absolute time counter refresh method 200 described above can also be used to improve the accuracy of TDMA timing in the network. The network BSC (or MSC) may request each RBS to provide its respective TDMA counter value in known absolute time in order to monitor network synchronization accuracy.

在本发明这方面的基于终端的改型中，每一个与其各自的RBS同步的RT可继续测量以绝对时间值表示的突发的到达时间，并将所述绝对时间值存储在本地存储器中。中心节点(例如GSM中的BSC或MSC)命令所述RT将其各自的RBS的TDMA帧结构的绝对时间报告回来。中心节点的处理器估计RBS之间的时间差，并计算每一个RBS的时间偏差。中心节点将各自时间偏差作为控制参数发送给有关的RBS，于是后者利用该时间偏差调整其空中定时发生器并使得发射机天线点的时间误差最小。因此，由MT接收的来自这些时间校准的RBS的突发的TOA可被定位算法用来更精确地确定该MT的位置。In a terminal-based variant of this aspect of the invention, each RT synchronized to its respective RBS may continue to measure the arrival times of bursts in absolute time values and store said absolute time values in local memory. The central node (eg BSC or MSC in GSM) instructs the RTs to report back the absolute time of their respective RBS's TDMA frame structure. The processor at the central node estimates the time difference between RBSs and calculates the time offset for each RBS. The central node sends the respective time offset as a control parameter to the concerned RBS, which then uses this time offset to adjust its over-the-air timing generator and minimize the time error at the transmitter antenna point. Thus, the TOAs of bursts received by a MT from these time-aligned RBSs can be used by positioning algorithms to more accurately determine the MT's location.

出于验证的目的，中心节点可以命令RT定期地报告TDMA帧结构的绝对时间信息，或者作为系统监视功能的一部分而在任何时间报告。可以逐步地进行上述基于终端的同步功能，诸如，例如首先使相同小区的邻近RBS同步，然后使其它小区的邻近RBS同步，等等，直到整个网络被同步。因此，这种方法将考虑天线系统的所有延时并提供完整的“空中接口同步”。The central node can order the RT to report the absolute time information of the TDMA frame structure periodically for verification purposes, or at any time as part of the system monitoring function. The terminal-based synchronization function described above may be performed step-by-step, such as, for example, first synchronizing neighboring RBSs of the same cell, then synchronizing neighboring RBSs of other cells, etc., until the entire network is synchronized. Therefore, this method will take into account all delays of the antenna system and provide complete "air interface synchronization".

图4是顺序图，它说明按照本发明最佳实施例的、最初(例如在系统建立时)可用来确定蜂窝通信网络中基站位置的典型到达时间测量顺序300。最初，在步骤302，每一个有关的RBS(例如图2中的RBS102)命令其有关的RT(例如RT106)经由空中接口发送RT的地理位置(例如X,Y或纬度和经度坐标)，后者可从RT的GPS接收机得到。对此作出响应，在步骤304,RT向RBS(102)发送(最好经由空中接口)请求的位置信息。RBS将该位置信息报告给网络MSC中的中心定位功能，后者可以将每一个这样的RBS所报告的位置信息作为用于MT位置计算的基础。FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram illustrating a typical time-of-arrival measurement sequence 300 that may be used initially (eg, at system setup) to determine the location of a base station in a cellular communications network in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Initially, at step 302, each associated RBS (e.g., RBS 102 in FIG. 2 ) instructs its associated RT (e.g., RT 106 ) to transmit the RT's geographic location (e.g., X,Y or latitude and longitude coordinates) over the air interface, which Available from RT's GPS receiver. In response thereto, at step 304, the RT sends (preferably via the air interface) the requested location information to the RBS (102). The RBSs report this location information to the central positioning function in the network MSC, which can use the location information reported by each such RBS as a basis for MT location calculations.

图5是顺序图，它说明按照本发明最佳实施例的、可以在确定蜂窝通信网络中移动终端位置的时候使用的典型到达时间测量顺序400。顺序400可接着和/或补充上面关于图4所描述的到达时间测量顺序300。在步骤402，与其位置待确定的MT(例如MT420)有关的RBS(例如RBSa102”)经空中接口发送控制信息，命令所述MT产生并发送一个或多个定时测量突发(T-突发)。而且，网络BSC或MSC命令所有与所述位置确定有关的RBS(例如RBSb102、RBSc102’和RBSa 102”)在预定的时间进行到达时间测量，并且每一个用预定的频率和时隙。FIG. 5 is a sequence diagram illustrating a typical time-of-arrival measurement sequence 400 that may be used in determining the location of a mobile terminal in a cellular communication network in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The sequence 400 may follow and/or supplement the time-of-arrival measurement sequence 300 described above with respect to FIG. 4 . In step 402, the RBS (e.g. RBSa102") associated with the MT whose location is to be determined (e.g. MT420) sends control information over the air interface instructing the MT to generate and transmit one or more timing measurement bursts (T-bursts) Furthermore, the network BSC or MSC commands all RBSs involved in said location determination (e.g. RBSb 102, RBSc 102' and RBSa 102") to perform time-of-arrival measurements at predetermined times, and each with predetermined frequencies and time slots.

在步骤404，每一个RBS接收T-突发并测量其各自的到达时间。然后，每一个RBS将各自测量的到达时间与各自AT-CNT中的绝对时间值相联系。所得到的与各自测量的到达时间有关的绝对时间值存储在各自的RBS的本地存储器(Mtime0)中。At step 404, each RBS receives the T-burst and measures its respective arrival time. Each RBS then relates the respective measured arrival time to the absolute time value in the respective AT-CNT. The resulting absolute time values related to the respective measured arrival times are stored in the local memory (Mtime 0 ) of the respective RBS.

后面的顺序步骤实际上与上面关于图3所描述的绝对时间刷新顺序200相同。可是，可以在每一个MT定位事件中进行后面的顺序，以便对于其位置待确定的MT(例如MT402)和每一个与所述定位事件有关的RT来说，确保所接收的突发所经历的时延是相同的。因此，示于图5的顺序可以用来补偿不同的接收机之间温度变化和其它变化而引起的时延差异。The subsequent sequential steps are virtually identical to the absolute time refresh sequence 200 described above with respect to FIG. 3 . However, the latter sequence can be performed in each MT location event to ensure that the received bursts experience Latency is the same. Thus, the sequence shown in Figure 5 can be used to compensate for differences in delay between different receivers due to temperature and other variations.

在步骤406，每一个有关的RBS与其有关的RT相连接，并命令所述RT产生一个或多个M-突发。对此作出响应，每一个RT读取其绝对时间基准(例如从GPS接收机读取)，发送其M-突发并将所述绝对时间基准值(所述突发的绝对发送时间，或At0)存储在本地存储器中。在步骤408，有关的RBS接收从有关的RT发送的M-突发，测量所述突发的到达时间，并将所述测量的到达时间值与AT-CNT中的绝对时间基准值相联系。RBS将所得到的关于所测量的到达时间(At1)的绝对时间值存储在本地存储器。At step 406, each associated RBS connects to its associated RT and commands the RT to generate one or more M-bursts. In response to this, each RT reads its absolute time reference (e.g., from a GPS receiver), transmits its M-burst and returns the value of the absolute time reference (the absolute time of transmission of the burst, or At 0 ) stored in local storage. In step 408, the concerned RBS receives the M-burst sent from the concerned RT, measures the time of arrival of said burst, and relates the measured time of arrival value to the absolute time reference value in the AT-CNT. The RBS stores the resulting absolute time value for the measured arrival time (At 1 ) in local memory.

在步骤410，有关的RBS与其相关的RT相连接，并请求M-突发的传输时间(At0)。对此作出响应，在步骤412，有关的RBS接收M-突发的传输时间值，计算T-突发的绝对到达时间，最好用公式：Abstime=At0-(At1-Mtime0)。RBS向最好在网络MSC中的中心MT定位报告所计算的绝对时间值。因此，使得用于进行MT位置确定的到达时间测量精确地与本发明的提供的绝对时间基准值时间一致。At step 410, the concerned RBS connects with its associated RT and requests the transmission time (At 0 ) of the M-burst. In response thereto, at step 412, the associated RBS receives the transit time value of the M-burst and calculates the absolute arrival time of the T-burst, preferably using the formula: Abstime=At 0 -(At 1 -Mtime 0 ). The RBS reports the calculated absolute time value to a central MT location preferably in the network MSC. Thus, time-of-arrival measurements used for MT position determination are precisely time-aligned with the provided absolute time reference of the present invention.

尽管已经在附图中并且在前述的详细描述中举例说明了本发明的方法和装置的最佳实施例，但是，显然，本发明不限于公开的实施例，而是可以有许多重新配置、修改和替换而不脱离后面的权利要求书所提出和定义的本发明的精神。While preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus of the present invention have been illustrated in the drawings and in the foregoing detailed description, it is clear that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but many reconfigurations, modifications are possible and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth and defined in the following claims.

Claims (23)

1. method that is used for making at cellular communications networks at least one radio base station time synchronized, described method comprises the steps:
The reference termination relevant with described at least one radio base station sends at least one measuring-signal, and determines value fiducial time of the described transmission of described at least one measuring-signal,
Described at least one radio base station receives at least one measuring-signal of described transmission, and determine described reception at least one measuring-signal the time of advent value and
Described at least one radio base station refreshes described time of advent of value with being worth described fiducial time.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the steps: the benchmark value time of advent that the reception antenna port measurement at described at least one radio base station refreshes.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described fiducial time, value comprised the absolute time value.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described fiducial time, value comprised the absolute time value that GPS derives.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described reference termination comprises the absolute time reference generator.
6. the method for claim 5 is characterized in that described absolute time reference generator comprises the GPS receiver.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described at least one radio base station comprises the gsm radio base station.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described refresh step comprises calculating described fiducial time of value and the difference time value between the described time of advent, and the described difference time value of compensation absolute time count value.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the steps: that described at least one radio base station of network node order and a plurality of radio base stations make the generation of tdma slot separately consistent with absolute value time time started with transmission.
10. the method for claim 9 is characterized in that also comprising the steps: to measure the described absolute time started value that described TDMA transmits at the transmitter antenna port of described at least one radio base station and described a plurality of radio base stations.
11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: described each step is applicable to each in a plurality of radio base stations in the described cellular communications networks, and comprises the step according to the position that is worth to determine portable terminal a plurality of described times of advent of refreshing.
12. be used for making at cellular communications networks the method for a plurality of radio base station time synchronized, described method comprises the steps:
In a plurality of reference terminations each is all reported the absolute time value of TDMA timing parameters separately to network node;
The processor relevant with described network node calculates in described a plurality of radio base station the time deviation value of each, and each described time deviation is based on the comparison between each described absolute time value and described separately the TDMA timing parameters; With
Described network node each in described a plurality of radio base stations sends time refresh command separately.
13. the method for claim 12 is characterized in that also comprising the steps: that the TDMA that each basis in described a plurality of radio base station is adjusted separately from the described time deviation value separately of described network node regularly makes the time error minimum.
14. the method for claim 12 is characterized in that also comprising the steps:
In described a plurality of radio base station each makes the time error minimum according to the timing of adjusting separately from the described time deviation value separately of described network node; With
According to the measurement that described portable terminal receives, determine the position of portable terminal from the time of advent of the burst of each base station in described a plurality of radio base stations.
15. the cellular communications networks of a time synchronized comprises:
A plurality of radio base stations; With
A plurality of reference terminations, in described a plurality of reference termination each be connected in described a plurality of radio base station corresponding one and comprise be used to the described transmission that sends at least one measuring-signal and be identified for described at least one measuring-signal fiducial time value device, at least one measuring-signal that each in described a plurality of radio base stations all comprises at least one measuring-signal of being used to receive described transmission, determine described reception the time of advent value and with described fiducial time value refresh the device of described time of advent of value.
16. the cellular communications networks of claim 15 is characterized in that described fiducial time, value comprised the absolute time value.
17. the cellular communications networks of claim 15 is characterized in that described fiducial time, value comprised the absolute time value that GPS derives.
18. the cellular communications networks of claim 15 is characterized in that in described a plurality of reference termination each all comprises the absolute time reference generator.
19. the cellular communications networks of claim 18 is characterized in that described absolute time reference generator comprises the GPS receiver.
20. the cellular communications networks of claim 15 is characterized in that described a plurality of radio base station comprises a plurality of gsm radios base station.
21. the cellular communications networks of claim 15 is characterized in that the described device that is used to refresh comprises and is used to calculate described fiducial time of value and the difference time value between the described time of advent and refresh the device of absolute time Counter Value with described difference time value.
22. the cellular communications networks of claim 15 is characterized in that also comprising that network node, the latter comprise that being used for the described a plurality of radio base stations of order makes the generation and transmission and public consistent device of value time time started of tdma slot separately.
23. the cellular communications networks of claim 15 is characterized in that also comprising the device that is used for determining mobile terminal locations.
CN99807539.6A 1998-04-24 1999-04-09 Absolute time synchronization for mobile positioning in cellular communications system Pending CN1306708A (en)

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CN101313619B (en) * 2005-09-27 2013-05-22 高通股份有限公司 Adjusting the Positioning of Emitters Using Phase
US9354297B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2016-05-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Position location using phase-adjusted transmitters
US8981996B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2015-03-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Position location using transmitters with timing offset and phase adjustment
WO2008098450A1 (en) * 2007-02-15 2008-08-21 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. A method, a system and a device for implementing time synchronization in communication network
CN101047434B (en) * 2007-04-10 2010-09-29 华为技术有限公司 A time tag synchronization method, system and device
CN101188812B (en) * 2007-04-13 2012-01-25 华为技术有限公司 Wireless communication system, air interface synchronization method, base station and control device thereof
CN102595588B (en) * 2007-04-13 2014-11-05 华为技术有限公司 Wireless communication system, air interface synchronizing method, base stations and control device of base stations
WO2008125052A1 (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-23 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Wireless communication system, air interface synchronizing method, base station and its controlling apparatus
CN101232325B (en) * 2008-01-31 2013-01-09 华为技术有限公司 Radio communication system, midair interface synchronism control method, base station and control device thereof
WO2018119761A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 华为技术有限公司 Method for determining channel time delay, positioning method, and related device
US11051267B2 (en) 2016-12-28 2021-06-29 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Channel latency determining method, positioning method, and related device
CN110174641A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-08-27 中国科学院自动化研究所 TDOA localization method, system, device based on time adjustment
CN115176449A (en) * 2020-03-03 2022-10-11 高通股份有限公司 High-end device assisted low-end device group delay calibration for NR positioning
CN115176449B (en) * 2020-03-03 2023-10-13 高通股份有限公司 High-end device assisted low-end device group delay calibration for NR positioning
US11877145B2 (en) 2020-03-03 2024-01-16 Qualcomm Incorporated Premium device-aided low-tier device group delay calibration for NR positioning

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