CN1339617A - 用于非晶态硅和形成的薄膜的化学气相沉积法 - Google Patents
用于非晶态硅和形成的薄膜的化学气相沉积法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1339617A CN1339617A CN01121189A CN01121189A CN1339617A CN 1339617 A CN1339617 A CN 1339617A CN 01121189 A CN01121189 A CN 01121189A CN 01121189 A CN01121189 A CN 01121189A CN 1339617 A CN1339617 A CN 1339617A
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- amorphous silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3402—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition
- H10P14/3404—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition being Group IVA materials
- H10P14/3411—Silicon, silicon germanium or germanium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/10—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass the devices comprising amorphous semiconductor material
- H10F71/103—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass the devices comprising amorphous semiconductor material including only Group IV materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/24—Deposition of silicon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/4401—Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/162—Non-monocrystalline materials, e.g. semiconductor particles embedded in insulating materials
- H10F77/166—Amorphous semiconductors
- H10F77/1662—Amorphous semiconductors including only Group IV materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3451—Structure
- H10P14/3452—Microstructure
- H10P14/3454—Amorphous
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/63—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the formation processes
- H10P14/6326—Deposition processes
- H10P14/6328—Deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H10P14/6334—Deposition from the gas or vapour phase using decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H10P14/6336—Deposition from the gas or vapour phase using decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
- H10P14/66—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials
- H10P14/668—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials the materials being characterised by the deposition precursor materials
- H10P14/6681—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials the materials being characterised by the deposition precursor materials the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
- H10P14/6682—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials the materials being characterised by the deposition precursor materials the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound being a silane, e.g. disilane, methylsilane or chlorosilane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| a-Si:H加工条件 | 工艺条件值域 | 特定条件 |
| SiH4流(sccm) | 150-300 | 150 |
| 压力(乇) | 2-9 | 5 |
| 氩气流(sccm) | 3000-7000 | 3200 |
| 整流器能量(W) | 50-150 | 75 |
| 基质放置点温度(℃) | 225-330 | 300 |
| 电极间距(密耳) | 250-800 | 350 |
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/591,815 | 2000-06-12 | ||
| US09/591,815 US6436488B1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2000-06-12 | Chemical vapor deposition method for amorphous silicon and resulting film |
| US09/591815 | 2000-06-12 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100559064A Division CN100557076C (zh) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | 一种生长非晶态硅的方法及所得的非晶态硅薄膜 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1339617A true CN1339617A (zh) | 2002-03-13 |
| CN1238555C CN1238555C (zh) | 2006-01-25 |
Family
ID=24368059
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB01121189XA Expired - Fee Related CN1238555C (zh) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | 用于非晶态硅和形成的薄膜的化学气相沉积法 |
| CNB2005100559064A Expired - Fee Related CN100557076C (zh) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | 一种生长非晶态硅的方法及所得的非晶态硅薄膜 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100559064A Expired - Fee Related CN100557076C (zh) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-06-12 | 一种生长非晶态硅的方法及所得的非晶态硅薄膜 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6436488B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1164206B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2002047568A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100762063B1 (zh) |
| CN (2) | CN1238555C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60124452T2 (zh) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102272941A (zh) * | 2008-11-07 | 2011-12-07 | 联合太阳能奥佛有限公司 | 高质量半导体材料 |
| CN103088311A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 东京毅力科创株式会社 | 晶种层的形成方法以及含硅薄膜的成膜方法 |
| CN103774116A (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-05-07 | 陕西拓日新能源科技有限公司 | 用于非晶硅电池沉积的等离子体气相沉积设备与方法 |
| CN104152864A (zh) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-19 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 硅薄膜的制备方法 |
| CN110779849A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-11 | 成都中医药大学 | 一种非晶态二氧化硅比表面积的测定方法 |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6786968B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-09-07 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method for low temperature photonic crystal structures |
| US6747773B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-06-08 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and structure for stub tunable resonant cavity for photonic crystals |
| WO2004088710A2 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-10-14 | Nkt Research & Innovation A/S | Method and apparatus for gas plasma treatment with controlled extent of gas plasma, and use thereof |
| JP2005123466A (ja) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-05-12 | Sharp Corp | シリコン系薄膜光電変換装置の製造方法およびその方法により製造されたシリコン系薄膜光電変換装置 |
| US20100147379A1 (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2010-06-17 | Katsushi Kishimoto | Silicon-based thin-film photoelectric conversion device, and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
| US20100178017A1 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2010-07-15 | Boris Kharas | Method for Improving Refractive Index Control in PECVD Deposited a-SiNy Films |
| KR20100033091A (ko) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-29 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 화학기상증착법에 의한 비정질 실리콘 박막의 증착방법 |
| CN102637780B (zh) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-04-02 | 保定天威薄膜光伏有限公司 | 一种提高产业化硅薄膜电池组件性能的制备方法 |
| KR101489306B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-02-11 | 주식회사 유진테크 | 어모퍼스 실리콘막의 증착 방법 및 증착 장치 |
| CN104681639A (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种基于柔性基底的多晶硅薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
| CN110970287B (zh) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 长鑫存储技术有限公司 | 制备非晶硅薄膜的方法 |
| CN109935640B (zh) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-11-05 | 江苏微导纳米科技股份有限公司 | 一种晶体硅太阳能电池的镀膜方法 |
| CN112481606A (zh) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-12 | 江苏杰太光电技术有限公司 | 一种pecvd沉积太阳能电池掺杂层的气源和系统 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3429899A1 (de) * | 1983-08-16 | 1985-03-07 | Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Verfahren zur bildung eines abscheidungsfilms |
| US4792460A (en) * | 1986-07-15 | 1988-12-20 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method for production of polysilanes and polygermanes, and deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, alloys thereof, or hydrogenated amorphous germanium |
| US5126169A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1992-06-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for forming a deposited film from two mutually reactive active species |
| US5082696A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1992-01-21 | Dow Corning Corporation | Method of forming semiconducting amorphous silicon films from the thermal decomposition of dihalosilanes |
| US5338580A (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1994-08-16 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of preparation of functional deposited film by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition |
| US5324360A (en) * | 1991-05-21 | 1994-06-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing non-monocrystalline semiconductor device and apparatus therefor |
| US5670224A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1997-09-23 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Modified silicon oxide barrier coatings produced by microwave CVD deposition on polymeric substrates |
| US5648293A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1997-07-15 | Nec Corporation | Method of growing an amorphous silicon film |
| DE69424759T2 (de) * | 1993-12-28 | 2001-02-08 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Gasphasenabscheidungsverfahren in einer einzigen Kammer für Dünnfilmtransistoren |
| JP3851686B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-08 | 2006-11-29 | キヤノンアネルバ株式会社 | プラズマcvdによる薄膜形成方法 |
| KR19980055934A (ko) * | 1996-12-28 | 1998-09-25 | 김영환 | 반도체 소자의 층간 절연막 |
| AUPP055497A0 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 1997-12-18 | Pacific Solar Pty Limited | High rate deposition of amorphous silicon films |
-
2000
- 2000-06-12 US US09/591,815 patent/US6436488B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 EP EP01108183A patent/EP1164206B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-30 DE DE60124452T patent/DE60124452T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-11 KR KR1020010032585A patent/KR100762063B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-12 CN CNB01121189XA patent/CN1238555C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-12 CN CNB2005100559064A patent/CN100557076C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-12 JP JP2001176532A patent/JP2002047568A/ja active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102272941A (zh) * | 2008-11-07 | 2011-12-07 | 联合太阳能奥佛有限公司 | 高质量半导体材料 |
| CN103088311A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 东京毅力科创株式会社 | 晶种层的形成方法以及含硅薄膜的成膜方法 |
| CN103088311B (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2016-05-11 | 东京毅力科创株式会社 | 晶种层的形成方法以及含硅薄膜的成膜方法 |
| CN103774116A (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-05-07 | 陕西拓日新能源科技有限公司 | 用于非晶硅电池沉积的等离子体气相沉积设备与方法 |
| CN103774116B (zh) * | 2012-10-19 | 2016-09-21 | 陕西拓日新能源科技有限公司 | 用于非晶硅电池沉积的等离子体气相沉积设备与方法 |
| CN104152864A (zh) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-19 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 硅薄膜的制备方法 |
| CN110779849A (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-11 | 成都中医药大学 | 一种非晶态二氧化硅比表面积的测定方法 |
| CN110779849B (zh) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-05-03 | 成都中医药大学 | 一种非晶态二氧化硅比表面积的测定方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1657648A (zh) | 2005-08-24 |
| EP1164206B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
| JP2002047568A (ja) | 2002-02-15 |
| CN1238555C (zh) | 2006-01-25 |
| KR20010111632A (ko) | 2001-12-19 |
| DE60124452T2 (de) | 2007-03-15 |
| CN100557076C (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
| KR100762063B1 (ko) | 2007-10-01 |
| EP1164206A3 (en) | 2003-11-05 |
| DE60124452D1 (de) | 2006-12-28 |
| US6436488B1 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
| EP1164206A2 (en) | 2001-12-19 |
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