CN1502007A - 用于能源系统的环形燃烧室 - Google Patents
用于能源系统的环形燃烧室 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
- F02C3/08—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor the compressor comprising at least one radial stage
- F02C3/085—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor the compressor comprising at least one radial stage the turbine being of the radial-flow type (radial-radial)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
- F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
- F23R3/50—Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing
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Abstract
一环形燃烧室(10)具有一环形内壳(15),一环形外壳(20)以及一连接内壳(15)和外壳(20)的穹顶端壁(30)。一隔板(45)位于穹顶端壁(30)和出口端之间,并至少从内壳(15)和外壳(20)其中的一个沿径向延伸,以在燃烧腔室(35)内形成一减速流动区域的通道。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及燃烧室,更具体地讲,涉及用于能源系统的环形燃烧室。
相关申请
本申请要求对2000年5月1日申请的美国临时申请号60/200,946的优先权。已有技术的描述
燃烧室从概念上来讲是简单明了的装置。它们提供一个腔室,燃料在其中和氧化剂(例如,空气)化合,燃烧并产生燃烧的热气。然而,在实践中,设计一个高效的燃烧室是一项复杂的任务。为了从燃料中提取最大可获得的能量,并将排放降低到最低的水平,燃烧室必须提供一个让燃料能完全燃烧的的环境。必须采取措施使燃料和氧化剂充分混合。在燃烧室内燃烧的燃料是液体(例如,柴油燃料),而不是气体燃料(例如,丙烷或天然气)的情况下,燃烧室还必须提供使液体燃料在燃烧之前雾化和汽化的某些装置。燃烧室还必须包括点燃燃料和氧化剂混合物的某些装置,以及在点燃后保持火焰稳定的装置。已知的用于能源系统的环形燃烧室,例如,如PCT申请号PCT/US97/22007所公开的,该申请已引入本文以作参考。
本发明的目的在于提供一种环形燃烧室,它实现了氮的氧化物、一氧化碳(NOx,CO)和未燃尽的碳氢化合物的低排放,并实现了燃料的有效利用。
发明概述
一环形燃烧室包括一环形内壳,一同轴的环形外壳以及与内壳和外壳连接的一穹顶端壁,内壳和外壳各有一内表面和一外表面。内壳、外壳和穹顶端壁形成了一环形燃烧室,它具有介于外壳的内壁和内壳的外壁之间的一腔室宽度,其中,腔室沿着一纵向轴线延伸,并相对于穹顶端壁具有一出口端。一隔板位于穹顶端壁和出口端之间,并至少从内壳和外壳其中的一个沿径向延伸开来。该隔板在燃烧腔室内形成一减速流动区域的通道,以及向燃烧过程供应二次空气的通道。
另外,一环形燃烧室包括一环形内壳,一同轴的环形外壳以及与内壳和外壳连接的一穹顶端壁,内壳和外壳各有一内表面和一外表面,其中,内壳,外壳和穹顶端壁形成了一环形燃烧室,它具有介于外壳的内壁和内壳的外壁之间的一腔室宽度,其中,腔室沿着一纵向轴线延伸,并相对于穹顶端壁具有一出口端。一隔板位于穹顶端壁和出口端之间,并至少从内壳和外壳其中的一个沿径向延伸开来,其中,隔板在燃烧腔室内形成一减速流动区域的通道。燃烧腔室有一个一次侧区域,一个二次侧区域和一个稀释区域,一次侧区域由介于穹顶端壁和燃烧室的隔板之间的燃烧腔室区域限定;二次侧区域由临近隔板的燃烧腔室的区域限定;稀释区域由介于隔板和出口端之间的燃烧腔室区域限定。还包括用来向一次侧区域提供燃料和空气(或氧气)的装置,设置在一次侧区域的点火装置,多个限定在二次侧区域内的空气或氧气通道,以及设置在稀释区域内的多个空气或氧气通道。
附图说明
图1是包括按照本发明制造的燃烧室的压缩机/涡轮机的侧横截面图;
图2是按照本发明制造的燃烧室立体图;
图3是按照本发明制造的燃烧室端侧视图;
图4是图2所示燃烧室的侧视图;
图5是图3所示的环绕区域的放大详图;
图6是图1的燃烧室的另一实施例的侧视图;
图7是图1所示的燃烧室的另一供选择的实施例的侧视图;且
图8是图1所示的隔板的另一实施例的侧视图。
较佳实施例的描述
图1示出按照本发明制造的、连接于压缩机/涡轮机设备100的一环形燃烧室10。压缩机/涡轮机设备100包括压缩机叶片,一导轮103,涡轮叶片的喷嘴叶片104,以及围绕一旋转驱动轴(未示出)设置的涡轮叶片105,驱动轴绕一纵向轴线X旋转。还在图2中示出的燃烧室10包括一具有一内表面17和一外表面19的环形内壳15。此外,燃烧室10还包括一具有一内表面22和一外表面24的同轴环形内壳20。一穹顶端壁30连接内壳15和外壳20,其中,内壳15,外壳20和一穹顶端壁30形成一环形燃烧腔室35,它具有介于内壳15的外壁19和外壳20的内壁22之间的腔室宽度W。腔室35沿着纵向轴线X延伸,并具有与穹顶端壁30相对的出口端40。一隔板45位于穹顶端壁30和出口端40之间并从内壳15向外径向延伸,以在燃烧腔室35内形成一减速的流动区域通道50。
应该知道并将在下文中进一步说明的这样一个情况:隔板45可如图1和2所示,从内壳15向外径向延伸;或者,作为替换,可从外壳20向内径向延伸;或者,作为另一替换,可同时从内壳15向外径向延伸和从外壳20向内径向延伸。
返回到图1,在压缩机/涡轮机设备100内,设置一环形外壳体壁108,并形成一位于压缩机叶片102附近的空气入口通道110。一内壳体壁114位于燃烧室10的出口端40的附近,以包围燃烧腔室35。燃烧腔室35,空气通道118和涡轮叶轮105互相之间流体相通。一环形冷却区域119由前向壳体壁114的末端120和燃烧室10的外壳20限定。环形冷却区域119便于更多的稀释空气通向涡轮喷嘴叶片104和涡轮叶片105。
进入空气入口通道110的空气沿燃烧室10的外表面导入通道118,并通过多个通道125,128,130和开口80,延伸通过燃烧室的诸壁而引入到燃烧腔室35,而且引入到在通道118的端头120处的燃烧腔室35。多个燃料/空气混合管132延伸通过燃烧室10的壁,以向腔室35的一次侧区域55提供燃料。形状呈管形的燃料/空气混合管132适于斜向将液体或气体燃料和压缩空气或氧气引入到燃烧室10的一次侧区域。一点燃器140通过燃烧室10且进入到燃烧腔室35,在那里点燃器可点燃在腔室55内的空气和燃料的混合物,直到燃烧能自持。
请注意图1和2,燃烧腔室35是由一次侧区域55,二次侧区域65,以及稀释区域75组成。一次侧区域55是在腔室35内介于穹顶端壁30和隔板45之间的区域。二次侧区域65是在腔室35内大致环绕隔板45的区域。稀释区域75是在腔室35内介于隔板45和出口端40之间的区域。
如上所说,图2所示的隔板45从内壳15向外延伸。如图6的示意图所示,完全可能用一第二隔板145来补充隔板45以形成一通道150,该第二隔板可从外壳向内径向延伸。如图7所示,在一替代结构中,可能完全去除隔板45,这样,在燃烧室10内的唯一的隔板是从外壳20向内径向延伸的隔板145。
返回到图1,隔板45可包括两个截然不同的部分,其中,第一部分46从出口侧47延伸到隔板45的环绕边缘48,并位于与第二部分49相近的位置。隔板部分46,49可互相焊接在一起,或者用普通的锚固板牢固地互相固定。
返回到图2,另外请注意到图3,隔板45具有通过其间的许多开口80,以允许内壳15的内表面17和内壳15的外表面19之间的流体连通。诸开口80可径向延伸通过隔板45。
如图4所示,隔板45具有一环绕面82,它相对于纵向轴线X倾斜,这样,开口80朝向燃烧室10的出口端40延伸。这些环绕面82可具有一介于0和80度之间的相对于纵向轴线X的角A,由此引道流体从开口80朝向燃烧室10的出口端40。
如图3所示,隔开的径向延伸的开口80可在隔板45的正面侧85提供间断的图形。如上所述,隔板45可用如图6所示的一第二隔板145补充。在这种情形下,也可实现在单一隔板45中所讨论的同样的特征。在替代结构中,如上所述,可去除隔板45,这样,隔板145即是单一留下的隔板,类似的特征可再一次应用于单一隔板145。
隔板45和145可分别从内壳15和外壳20径向延伸一小于腔室宽度W二分之一的距离。较佳地,隔板延伸一大约为腔室宽度W三分之一的距离。应该知道,在从各内壳15和外壳20延伸的一隔板的诸距离中,每个隔板可径向延伸的距离大约为腔室宽度的三分之一。
如图1和2所示,隔板可以是从内壳15延伸的一体的部分。实际上,形成的内壳15包括隔板45的形状,其结果,隔板基本上是中空的,且诸开口仅形成在隔板45的环绕面82上。
图8示出了隔板45的另一个实施例。沿隔板45的环绕边缘48设置一折流板155,这样,流过隔板45的液体折向燃烧室10的出口端40。在这种情形下,诸开口80位于面向出口端40的隔板45的壁中。折流板确保与一次侧燃料/空气混合物混合的二次侧的空气沿朝向出口端40的方向顺畅而无阻挡的流动,从而确保二次侧的空气引入到一次侧区域,此外,还提供一表面以接收紧靠着冷却系统的二次侧空气的流通。
环绕地隔开的开槽部分145围绕外壳的出口端40设置,用来接纳一出口壁,以引导燃烧产物离开燃烧室,并朝向涡轮叶片。
在运行中,通过一压缩机提供压缩空气或氧气(例如表压45磅/时2)并围绕燃烧室10的外表面。通过一燃料喷嘴135,燃料被引向对应的、倾斜的燃料/空气预混合管132(图5)。压缩空气和/或氧气还流入倾斜的燃料/空气预混合管,以形成空气混合物中的富燃料。倾斜管132形成一环绕的漩流作用。燃料/空气混合物离开管132进入夹角为B的第一部分。较佳地,夹角B不要太大而致使引导燃料/空气或氧气混合物直接地或切向地对向壳的内表面。较佳地,只提供足够的空气或氧气以形成一富燃料混合物。该富燃料混合物然后被点燃器140点燃。随着燃烧的发生,由于部分燃烧,而产生了燃烧产物(POC)。然后,该POC和其它的材料在该二次侧区域65内流向隔板45。另外的压缩空气和/或氧气沿径向引向通道128,导致一贫瘠的混合物。此外,由于燃烧腔室45的流动区域在二次侧区域65内减小,所以混合物的速度较之一次侧55内的速度提高。在二次侧区域65内形成的混合物是一贫混合物。另外的燃烧发生,且混合物和POC流向稀释区域75。稀释空气在通道125,130处添加到稀释区域,以提供所要求的涡轮入口温度和所要求的低的火焰图形因子。然后,POC离开稀释区域75,并通过涡轮喷嘴叶片104被导向涡轮叶片105。
可以认为,从上述的描述将理解本发明和它企求的优点,显然,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围,或者牺牲其所有重要的优点的前提下,本发明的零件的结构和布置在形式上可以作出各种变化,这里前述的形式只是推荐的,或是其示范性的实施例。
Claims (24)
1.一种环形燃烧室,包括:
a)一环形内壳,它具有一内表面和一外表面;
b)一同轴的环形外壳,它具有一内表面和一外表面;
c)一穹顶端壁,它与内壳和外壳连接,其中,内壳,外壳和穹顶端壁形成了一环形燃烧室,它具有介于外壳的内壁和内壳的外壁之间的一腔室宽度,其中,腔室沿着一纵向轴线延伸,并相对于穹顶端壁具有一出口端;
d)一隔板位于穹顶端壁和出口端之间,并至少从内壳和外壳其中的一个沿径向延伸开来。其中,隔板在燃烧腔室内形成一减速流动区域的通道。
2.如权利要求1所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板从内壳向外径向突出。
3.如权利要求2所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板具有多个通过其间延伸的开口,以允许内壳的内壁和内壳的外壁之间流体连通。
4.如权利要求3所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,诸开口径向延伸通过隔板。
5.如权利要求4所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板具有一相对于纵向轴线倾斜的面,这样,诸开口提供朝向燃烧室的出口端延伸的开口。
6.如权利要求3所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,还包括沿隔板的环绕边缘设置的一折流板,它倾斜布置以引导流体朝向燃烧室的出口端。
7.如权利要求3所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,通过隔板的径向延伸的诸开口隔开布置,以在隔板的面上提供一间断的图形。
8.如权利要求1所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板从外壳向内径向突出。
9.如权利要求8所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板具有多个通过其间延伸的开口,以允许内壳的内壁和内壳的外壁之间流体连通。
10.如权利要求9所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,诸开口径向延伸通过隔板。
11.如权利要求10所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板具有一相对于纵向轴线倾斜的面,这样,诸开口朝向燃烧室的出口端延伸。
12.如权利要求9所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,还包括沿隔板的环绕边缘设置的一折流板,它倾斜布置以引导流体朝向燃烧室的出口端。
13.如权利要求9所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,通过隔板的径向延伸的诸开口隔开布置,以在隔板的面上提供一间断的图形。
14.如权利要求1所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,一第一隔板从内壳向外径向突出,且一第二隔板从外壳向内径向突出。
15.如权利要求14所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板具有多个通过其间延伸的开口,以允许内壳的内壁和内壳的外壁之间流体连通。
16.如权利要求15所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,诸开口径向延伸通过隔板。
17.如权利要求16所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板具有一相对于纵向轴线倾斜的内面,这样,诸开口提供朝向燃烧室的出口端延伸的开口。
18.如权利要求9所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,还包括沿隔板的环绕边缘设置的一折流板,它倾斜布置以引导流体朝向燃烧室的出口端。
19.如权利要求15所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,通过隔板的径向延伸的诸开口隔开布置,以在隔板的面上提供一间断的图形。
20.如权利要求1所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板围绕纵向轴线延伸。
21.如权利要求1所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板从内壳或外壳中的一个径向延伸一小于腔室宽度二分之一的距离。
22.如权利要求21所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,隔板径向延伸一大约为腔室宽度三分之一的距离。
23.如权利要求1所述的环形燃烧室,其特征在于,各隔板是从壳延伸的壳的一一体部分。
24.一种环形燃烧室,包括:
a)一环形内壳,它具有一内表面和一外表面;
b)一同轴的环形外壳,它具有一内表面和一外表面;
c)一穹顶端壁,它与内壳和外壳连接,其中,内壳,外壳和穹顶端壁形成了一环形燃烧室,它具有介于外壳的内壁和内壳的外壁之间的一腔室宽度,其中,腔室沿着一纵向轴线延伸,并相对于穹顶端壁具有一出口端;
d)一隔板位于穹顶端壁和出口端之间,并至少从内壳和外壳其中的一个沿径向延伸开来。其中,隔板在燃烧腔室内形成一减速流动区域的通道,
e)其中,燃烧腔室具有:
i)一次侧区域由介于穹顶端壁和隔板之间的燃烧腔室区域限定;
ii)二次侧区域由临近隔板的燃烧腔室的区域限定;
iii)稀释区域由介于隔板和出口端之间的燃烧腔室区域限定;
f)用来向一次侧区域提供燃料和空气(或氧气)的装置;
g)设置在一次侧区域的点火装置;
h)多个限定在二次侧区域内的空气或氧气通道;且
i)多个设置在稀释区域内的空气或氧气通道。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US20094600P | 2000-05-01 | 2000-05-01 | |
| US60/200,946 | 2000-05-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1502007A true CN1502007A (zh) | 2004-06-02 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA018121799A Pending CN1502007A (zh) | 2000-05-01 | 2001-05-01 | 用于能源系统的环形燃烧室 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6845621B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1295018A4 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4851674B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20030036174A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1502007A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2001257482A1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2407717A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2001083963A1 (zh) |
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| CN118031253A (zh) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-05-14 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | 一种环形曲流燃烧室 |
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- 2001-05-01 US US10/275,049 patent/US6845621B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-01 AU AU2001257482A patent/AU2001257482A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-01 EP EP01931001A patent/EP1295018A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-01 KR KR1020027014598A patent/KR20030036174A/ko not_active Withdrawn
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- 2001-05-01 WO PCT/US2001/014115 patent/WO2001083963A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118031253A (zh) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-05-14 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | 一种环形曲流燃烧室 |
| CN118031253B (zh) * | 2024-03-18 | 2026-04-17 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | 一种环形曲流燃烧室 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2407717A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
| AU2001257482A1 (en) | 2001-11-12 |
| US6845621B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 |
| US20030205050A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| EP1295018A4 (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| JP4851674B2 (ja) | 2012-01-11 |
| EP1295018A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
| JP2004507700A (ja) | 2004-03-11 |
| KR20030036174A (ko) | 2003-05-09 |
| WO2001083963A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
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