CN1551694A - 蓝色电致发光聚合物和使用它的有机电致发光器件 - Google Patents
蓝色电致发光聚合物和使用它的有机电致发光器件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1551694A CN1551694A CNA2003101249121A CN200310124912A CN1551694A CN 1551694 A CN1551694 A CN 1551694A CN A2003101249121 A CNA2003101249121 A CN A2003101249121A CN 200310124912 A CN200310124912 A CN 200310124912A CN 1551694 A CN1551694 A CN 1551694A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- substituted
- unsubstituted
- polymer
- organic
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/115—Polyfluorene; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/124—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0666—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0672—Polycondensates containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with only one nitrogen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent
- C09K11/06—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1466—Heterocyclic containing nitrogen as the only heteroatom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/14—Macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1441—Heterocyclic
- C09K2211/1483—Heterocyclic containing nitrogen and sulfur as heteroatoms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/917—Electroluminescent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 实施例(PFIC9) | 比较例1 | |
| CIE(x,y)@100cd/m2 | (0.156,0.159) | (0.17,0.23) |
| 最大亮度 | 2300cd/m2 | 2300cd/m2 |
| 最大效率 | 0.37cd/A | 0.25cd/A |
| 驱动电压 | 3.4V | 3.4V |
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR83186/02 | 2002-12-24 | ||
| KR83186/2002 | 2002-12-24 | ||
| KR1020020083186A KR100695106B1 (ko) | 2002-12-24 | 2002-12-24 | 청색 발광 고분자 및 이를 채용한 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1551694A true CN1551694A (zh) | 2004-12-01 |
| CN100539234C CN100539234C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
Family
ID=32709704
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2003101249121A Expired - Lifetime CN100539234C (zh) | 2002-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | 蓝色电致发光聚合物和使用它的有机电致发光器件 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7172823B2 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4019042B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100695106B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100539234C (zh) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1295298C (zh) * | 2004-12-08 | 2007-01-17 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 蓝色电致发光高分子材料及其制备方法 |
| CN100436567C (zh) * | 2005-01-06 | 2008-11-26 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 蓝光发射聚合物和使用其的有机电致发光器件 |
| CN102056929A (zh) * | 2008-06-05 | 2011-05-11 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 卤素化合物、多环系化合物及使用其的有机电致发光元件 |
| CN101960637B (zh) * | 2008-03-17 | 2012-07-04 | 新日铁化学株式会社 | 有机场致发光元件 |
| CN102947294A (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-02-27 | 罗门哈斯电子材料韩国有限公司 | 新颖有机电致发光化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光装置 |
| CN103403045A (zh) * | 2011-03-31 | 2013-11-20 | 新日铁住金化学株式会社 | 有机电致发光元件用聚合物及使用了其固化物的有机电致发光元件 |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7402681B2 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2008-07-22 | Xerox Corporation | Compound with indolocarbazole moieties and devices containing such compound |
| US7829727B2 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2010-11-09 | Xerox Corporation | Device containing compound having indolocarbazole moiety and divalent linkage |
| KR101030010B1 (ko) * | 2004-09-18 | 2011-04-20 | 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 | 청색 발광 고분자 및 이를 채용한 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
| US7173140B2 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2007-02-06 | Xerox Corporation | Process to form compound with indolocarbazole moieties |
| WO2006098229A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. | インドロカルバゾール誘導体を含有する電極活物質 |
| KR101193179B1 (ko) | 2005-08-26 | 2012-10-19 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 오가노실록산 화합물 및 이를 구비한 유기 발광 소자 |
| KR101193180B1 (ko) | 2005-11-14 | 2012-10-19 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 전도성 고분자 조성물 및 이로부터 얻은 막을 구비한 전자소자 |
| JPWO2007063796A1 (ja) * | 2005-12-01 | 2009-05-07 | 新日鐵化学株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| WO2007063754A1 (ja) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-07 | Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. | 有機電界発光素子用化合物及び有機電界発光素子 |
| KR101243917B1 (ko) | 2005-12-19 | 2013-03-14 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 전도성 고분자 조성물 및 이로부터 얻은 막을 구비한 전자소자 |
| JPWO2008056652A1 (ja) * | 2006-11-09 | 2010-02-25 | 出光興産株式会社 | 有機el材料含有溶液、有機el材料の合成法、この合成法による合成された化合物、有機el材料の薄膜形成方法、有機el材料の薄膜、有機el素子 |
| US8062769B2 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2011-11-22 | Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd. | Indolocarbazole compound for use in organic electroluminescent device and organic electroluminescent device |
| TWI468489B (zh) * | 2007-05-29 | 2015-01-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chem Co | Organic electroluminescent element compounds and organic electroluminescent elements |
| EP2169029A4 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2013-05-29 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chem Co | COMPOUND FOR AN ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESZGER AND ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESZGER |
| JP4819181B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-08 | 2011-11-24 | 新日鐵化学株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子用化合物及び有機電界発光素子 |
| US8154013B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2012-04-10 | Xerox Corporation | Organic thin-film transistors |
| JP5759669B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-01 | 2015-08-05 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、および照明装置 |
| KR101596906B1 (ko) * | 2009-02-27 | 2016-03-07 | 신닛테츠 수미킨 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
| KR101174088B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-25 | 2012-08-14 | 제일모직주식회사 | 유기광전소자용 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기광전소자 |
| KR101063940B1 (ko) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-09-08 | 주식회사 두산 | 신규한 유기 화합물 및 이를 이용한 유기 발광 소자 |
| JP5457907B2 (ja) | 2009-08-31 | 2014-04-02 | ユー・ディー・シー アイルランド リミテッド | 有機電界発光素子 |
| JP4564584B1 (ja) * | 2009-08-31 | 2010-10-20 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| US8945726B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2015-02-03 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co., Ltd. | Polymer for organic electroluminescent element, and organic electroluminescent element using the same |
| JP5577122B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-18 | 2014-08-20 | 新日鉄住金化学株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| WO2012124412A1 (ja) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | 新日鐵化学株式会社 | 含窒素芳香族化合物及び有機電界発光素子 |
| JP5770833B2 (ja) | 2011-03-28 | 2015-08-26 | 新日鉄住金化学株式会社 | 硬化性組成物、硬化物及びそれを用いた有機電界発光素子 |
| EP2725633B1 (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2018-08-01 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Chemical Co., Ltd. | Polymer for use in organic electroluminescent element and organic electroluminescent element employing same |
| EP2792699B1 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2021-04-07 | NIPPON STEEL Chemical & Material Co., Ltd. | Cured product and organic electroluminescence element using same |
| US11056541B2 (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2021-07-06 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Organic light-emitting device |
| US10573692B2 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2020-02-25 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Organic light-emitting device having a sealing thin film encapsulation portion |
| TW201946309A (zh) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-12-01 | 日商日鐵化學材料股份有限公司 | 有機電致發光元件用聚合物及有機電致發光元件 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9215929D0 (en) | 1992-07-27 | 1992-09-09 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Electroluminescent devices |
| US5708130A (en) | 1995-07-28 | 1998-01-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | 2,7-aryl-9-substituted fluorenes and 9-substituted fluorene oligomers and polymers |
| JP3865406B2 (ja) | 1995-07-28 | 2007-01-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | 2,7−アリール−9−置換フルオレン及び9−置換フルオレンオリゴマー及びポリマー |
| US5843607A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1998-12-01 | Xerox Corporation | Indolocarbazole photoconductors |
| US5932363A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-08-03 | Xerox Corporation | Electroluminescent devices |
| US5942340A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-08-24 | Xerox Corporation | Indolocarbazole electroluminescent devices |
| CN1252215C (zh) * | 2000-01-05 | 2006-04-19 | 剑桥显示技术有限公司 | 发光聚合物 |
-
2002
- 2002-12-24 KR KR1020020083186A patent/KR100695106B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-12-24 CN CNB2003101249121A patent/CN100539234C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-24 JP JP2003427007A patent/JP4019042B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-24 US US10/743,820 patent/US7172823B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1295298C (zh) * | 2004-12-08 | 2007-01-17 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 蓝色电致发光高分子材料及其制备方法 |
| CN100436567C (zh) * | 2005-01-06 | 2008-11-26 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 蓝光发射聚合物和使用其的有机电致发光器件 |
| CN101960637B (zh) * | 2008-03-17 | 2012-07-04 | 新日铁化学株式会社 | 有机场致发光元件 |
| CN102056929A (zh) * | 2008-06-05 | 2011-05-11 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 卤素化合物、多环系化合物及使用其的有机电致发光元件 |
| CN102947294A (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2013-02-27 | 罗门哈斯电子材料韩国有限公司 | 新颖有机电致发光化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光装置 |
| CN102947294B (zh) * | 2010-04-30 | 2016-03-30 | 罗门哈斯电子材料韩国有限公司 | 新颖有机电致发光化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光装置 |
| CN103403045A (zh) * | 2011-03-31 | 2013-11-20 | 新日铁住金化学株式会社 | 有机电致发光元件用聚合物及使用了其固化物的有机电致发光元件 |
| CN103403045B (zh) * | 2011-03-31 | 2015-10-14 | 新日铁住金化学株式会社 | 有机电致发光元件用聚合物及使用了其固化物的有机电致发光元件 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100539234C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
| KR20040056662A (ko) | 2004-07-01 |
| JP2004204234A (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
| KR100695106B1 (ko) | 2007-03-14 |
| JP4019042B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 |
| US7172823B2 (en) | 2007-02-06 |
| US20040137271A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1551694A (zh) | 蓝色电致发光聚合物和使用它的有机电致发光器件 | |
| KR101030010B1 (ko) | 청색 발광 고분자 및 이를 채용한 유기 전계 발광 소자 | |
| CN1483783A (zh) | 场致发蓝光聚合物及使用该聚合物的有机场致发光器件 | |
| CN1651369A (zh) | 螺芴基聚合物和采用该聚合物的有机电致发光器件 | |
| CN1637114A (zh) | 发光聚合物及使用该聚合物的有机电致发光显示器 | |
| KR101202340B1 (ko) | 청색 발광 화합물 및 이를 채용한 유기 전계 발광 소자 | |
| KR101146976B1 (ko) | 청색 발광 고분자 및 이를 채용한 유기 전계 발광 소자 | |
| CN101007941B (zh) | 电致发光聚合物和使用其的有机电致发光器件 | |
| CN1554726A (zh) | 一种电致发光器件用聚合物材料及其制备方法 | |
| CN1524100A (zh) | 电活性芴共聚物和用这种共聚物制造的器件 | |
| CN1651484A (zh) | 噻吩并[3,2-b]吲哚基聚合物及使用它的有机-电致发光装置 | |
| CN1995097B (zh) | 蓝色电致发光聚合物及其制备方法以及采用它的有机电致发光器件 | |
| JP2003313240A (ja) | ビニルポリマー及びそれを用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 | |
| KR101202341B1 (ko) | 청색 발광 고분자 및 이를 채용한 유기 전계 발광 소자 | |
| JP2001270942A (ja) | 新規重合体、発光素子材料およびそれを使用した発光素子 | |
| JP2001302793A (ja) | 新規重合体、発光素子材料およびそれを使用した発光素子 | |
| CN101035877A (zh) | 电致发光材料和器件 | |
| KR20060067085A (ko) | 분자자기조립박막을 포함한 유기 전기 발광 소자 및 이들의제조방법 | |
| KR20060091520A (ko) | 디히드로페나진계 화합물 및 이를 채용한 유기 전계 발광소자 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20090109 Address after: Gyeonggi Do, South Korea Applicant after: Samsung Mobile Display Co.,Ltd. Address before: Gyeonggi Do, South Korea Applicant before: Samsung SDI Co.,Ltd. |
|
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: SAMSUNG MOBILE DISPLAY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD. Effective date: 20090109 |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SAMSUNG MOBILE DISPLAY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20121017 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20121017 Address after: Gyeonggi Do, South Korea Patentee after: SAMSUNG DISPLAY Co.,Ltd. Address before: Gyeonggi Do, South Korea Patentee before: Samsung Mobile Display Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20090909 |
|
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |









