CN1732076A - 焊接模制热塑性塑料模制件特别是轮廓焊接三维模制件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

焊接模制热塑性塑料模制件特别是轮廓焊接三维模制件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1732076A
CN1732076A CNA2003801076775A CN200380107677A CN1732076A CN 1732076 A CN1732076 A CN 1732076A CN A2003801076775 A CNA2003801076775 A CN A2003801076775A CN 200380107677 A CN200380107677 A CN 200380107677A CN 1732076 A CN1732076 A CN 1732076A
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Prior art keywords
radiation
laser welding
welding
welding beam
parts
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CNA2003801076775A
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CN100348404C (zh
Inventor
A·霍夫曼
S·希尔
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LPKF Laser and Electronics AG
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LaserQuipment AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/035—Aligning the laser beam
    • B23K26/037—Aligning the laser beam by pressing on the workpiece, e.g. using a pressing roller foot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1458—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined once, i.e. contour welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1658—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3474—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients perpendicular to the plane of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83417—Roller, cylinder or drum types said rollers, cylinders or drums being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于焊接热塑性模制件的方法和装置，其中，在焊接区域(18)对接合部分中的一个(1)的附加的同步的辐射，会导致该接合部分升温，同时可以获得工艺可靠的焊接。

Description

焊接模制热塑性塑料模制件特别是轮廓焊接三维模制件的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种焊接特别是轮廓焊接三维模制件的方法和装置，该方法和装置包括权利要求1和8的前序部分给出的特征。
背景技术
现有技术已开发出很多塑料制件激光光束焊接方法。首先，两个接合部分在将要焊接的轮廓附近彼此接触。一夹紧装置在接合区域作用在接合部分上，以消除接合部分之间会消极地影响焊接结果的间隙，并用于补偿任何形状公差。最后，激光焊接光束在焊接区域中对所述两个接合部分进行辐射，其结果使所述接合部分中的至少一个熔融，并且通过热传递使第二部分开始熔融，同时，两个部分最终材料锁合地连接。
这种类型的焊接的一个典型示例是激光穿透照射焊接，其中，激光焊接光束穿过的上部的接合部分对于相应地使用的激光光束长度是可透射的，并且下部接合部分可吸收相应地使用的激光光束的波长。
对于宽广的现有技术的范围，作为例子描述DE 37 14 504 A1，该文献描述了一种焊接或切割贵重金属，但也可以是焊接或切割塑料或生物组织的方法，该方法利用两种具有不同波长的激光光束协同工作。例如具有193nm波长的第一光束对准焊接区域，同时给第二激光光束分配较长波长。这增加了对第一IR(红外)激光焊接光束的吸收，因此可以提高特别是激光光束焊接的关键材料的焊接质量。
DE 38 33 110 C2提出了一种通过热辐射对热塑性材料进行焊接的方案，其中，将第一和第二热塑性工件彼此堆叠地放置在一承载器中，该承载器在焊缝附近支承所述热塑性工件。
设有一用于固定焊缝的镜面罩(Spiegemaske)，该镜面罩包括一具有冲压式的透明的多层压靠元件和一朝向第一热塑性工件的反射屏。该镜面罩在一用于焊接过程的辐射装置和热塑性工件之间直接设置在该热塑性工件上。设有一用于焊接过程的可相对于辐射装置移动的压靠装置。一带有红外线椭圆形反射器的卤素灯被用作辐射装置。
EP 0 890 865 B1公开，通过一设置在辐射源和要焊接的工件之间的滤镜选择适于焊接工作的波长。
DE 199 25 203 A1与本发明最相关；该文献公开了通过激光能量焊接至少两种塑料材料的方法。其中，将辅助能量供应到接合区域，从而使至少一种第一材料的颗粒可逆地转变成一种或多种第二材料。这些第二材料整体上比第一材料更能吸收激光辐射，从而在激光能量吸收上关键的材料变得可以以令人满意的质量焊接。
上述现有技术文献提供了对于很不同的接合部分提高焊接质量的方法，然而，这些文献对解决本发明所基于的问题并没有帮助。所述问题特别会出现在大型三维轮廓的塑料激光光束焊接中。在该应用领域中，与轮廓相匹配的常规的刚性夹紧装置相当复杂和昂贵；另一方面，由于较大的元件公差在要焊接的模制件的轮廓上无法形成均匀的夹紧压力场。特别地，元件与理想几何形状的预期偏差通常会超过在焊接过程中仍可跨接焊接间隙的允许的公差。上述不可再现/重复的夹紧压力场使得该问题更严重。此外，现有技术的已知难题依然存在，即，如果在至少一个接合部分中没有添加剂，那么就不能形成具有相同光透过特性的材料的焊接连接。
原则上与通常在其它激光材料处理工艺中相同，通过与可购得的工业机械手相接合的光学纤维，可以毫无问题地用于将塑料焊接的光束引导到大型三维轮廓上。然而，其中夹紧技术的问题还未解决，从而，不能合理地实现对该焊接方法有效的、工业规模的使用。
大型三维模制件的轮廓焊接领域的另一个问题在于该领域经常使用的塑料在可焊性上的不利特点。这种焊接材料中的许多在熔点和分解温度之间的熔融温度范围小。这些塑料材料通常只有在高温下才塑化，从而与热导率相关的焊接过程只能以高循环时间进行。此外，所要求的窄的温度区间使工艺窗口变窄，变窄的工艺窗口对用于大型三维模制件的轮廓焊接的激光焊接方法的没有问题的工业应用都是一个障碍。
发明内容
为了解决这些问题，本发明提议，利用电磁第二辐射对焊接区域中激光焊接光束基本上不对其起作用的另一个接合部分同时进行附加的辐射，使得该第二接合部分的温度增加。
通过该辐射源可促进对通常位于上部并被称作焊接区域的“顶层”的第二接合部分的加热，并由此在焊接面两侧使焊接区域中的温度场均匀，并使其更对称。这种均匀化的温度场将会扩大工艺窗口，并且该工艺变得不易于出现故障，特别是在大型三维轮廓中由于不均匀的夹紧压力引起的困难而产生的故障。在这方面，基于由权利要求1和8给出的特征的本发明的方法和相应的装置，夹紧技术本身不再是三维焊接工艺的限制因素。
通过按权利要求2和10的优选改进方案，可实现使第二接合部分获得特别可选的温度升高。由于激光焊接光束和第二辐射的波长不同，所以可以使能产生热量的第二辐射在波长上与各要加热或要熔融的层以及该层的辐射吸收性能相匹配。
虽然第二辐射也原则上可以通过第二激光产生，但在工业应用领域，由于费用原因这是不可行的。相反，根据权利要求3和11，优选使用红外辐射器或UV辐射器，许多无色塑料对其辐射的吸收比对例如780至1000nm常见激光焊接波长的吸收好。如权利要求4和12中所述，特别优选由卤素红外辐射源产生的短波第二辐射。
当在独立权利要求中说到两个接合部分的同时辐射时，这并不意味着辐射时间必须绝对同步。而是在必须确保，在温度场均匀和工艺窗口扩大的意义上，当接合部分中由第二辐射导致升温的区域发生显著的接触时，激光焊接光束必须作用在接合部分，特别是要焊接的部分上。在这方面，根据本发明方法的优选实施例和相应的装置，第二辐射可以与激光焊接光束充分地同心并同步地施用，或者分别如权利要求5和6或13和14中说明的一样，在激光焊接光束之前施用。
为了增加第二光束源的效率，聚焦地施用第二光束是有利的(权利要求7和15)。
按另一优选的实施例，根据权利要求8和16，本发明设想通过一能透射第二辐射和/或激光焊接光束的夹紧装置特别是夹紧滚轮来施用第二辐射和/或激光焊接光束。这样做的优点是，夹紧装置直接作用在当前活动的焊接区域，从而元件的公差得到最佳的补偿，并且相应的接合缝隙减小到最小。
附图说明
从下文接合附图对示例性实施例的描述中，本发明其它的特征、细节和优点将变得明显，其中：
图1是一激光焊接装置的示意性的侧视图；
图2是沿图1的箭头II的方向观察激光焊接装置的视图；
图3和图4是用于比较传统的焊接工艺与本发明的焊接工艺的模拟的温度场图；
图5是一聚合物的应力-伸长率图；
图6和7是两个接合部分的焊接轮廓的示意性剖视图；
图8是焊接装置的第二实施例的示意性侧视图；以及
图9是沿图8中的箭头IX的方向观察激光焊接装置的视图。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出待焊接的两个接合部分1、2的边缘轮廓K。利用激光照射法将这两个部分接合在一起，同时，上部接合部分1必须尽可能透射激光焊接光束3，并且下部接合部分2尽可能吸收激光焊接光束3。激光照射焊接的其余情况是公知的，不需要进一步介绍。
通过整体上用4表示的处理头，所述激光焊接光束3通过一纤维光学系统从一静止的激光光束源引导到聚焦光学系统5。为了清楚起见，在图中省略了激光源和纤维光学系统。该聚焦光学系统5位于处理头4的一机座6上，该机座通过一带有测力单元的转接板7利用凸缘安装在例如工业机械手的操纵臂上。
夹紧滚轮10通过一支架8安置在所述激光焊接光束3的光轴9的附近；该夹紧滚轮利用其周向在上部接合部分1上滚压，从而在将要进行焊接的区域夹紧两个接合部分1、2。为清楚起见，图1和2未示出位于焊缝轮廓下面的该滚轮的相应的对应保持件。这里该夹紧滚轮10的转动轴线11以一相对于水平方向的锐角12向上倾斜，从而该夹紧滚轮10从侧面倾斜地与焊接区域18接合作用，这意味着很少的干涉。
此外，一短波IR卤素辐射器14沿进给方向13安装在处理头4的机座6上，该辐射器产生短波红外第二辐射15。这里该IR卤素辐射器14位于一椭圆反射器形式的第二辐射反射器16中，该第二辐射反射器通过相应的固定器17安装在机座6上。由于该反射器16，该第二辐射15被聚焦在焊接区域18。如图1所示，该第二辐射15的聚焦区19相对于该激光焊接光束3的焦点21偏移了偏移量20。夹紧滚轮10在另一个方向上又相对于激光焊接光束焦点21偏移了距离22。
根据上述焊接装置，本发明的方法可这样实现：
所述处理头4在所述夹紧滚轮10作用在所述两个接合部分1、2上的同时在进给方向13上沿焊接轮廓K移动，其中所述上部部分1在各焊接区域18内主要由第二辐射局部加热。从而，需要较少的热能来通过从所述吸热的(下部)接合部分2的热传导而使上部部分1开始熔化，以通过绝缘的激光焊接光束3获得所述两个部分1、2材料锁合的连接。图3和图4解释了上述第二辐射15的作用。图3示出在没有第二辐射情况下，聚乙烯(PE)的常规的激光焊接过程的模拟的温度场。在图3中以白色区域示出的熔融相主要在底部吸热的接合部分2中分布，该熔融相在上部透射接合部分1中的跨度小。这意味着，工艺窗口非常窄，并且当从下部接合部分1到上部接合部分2的热传递稍有恶化时，焊接过程就不能再确保材料锁合的连接。其原因例如可能是增加的焊件间隙。
与此相反，图4示出在包括第二辐射15的焊接过程中的模拟的温度场。假定与焊接焦点同心的第二辐射的焦点的直径是10mm。此外对于顶层，设定上部接合部分1的每毫米厚度吸收第二辐射15的约30％。代表熔融相的白色温度场的分布清楚地示出，上部接合部分1中熔融的深度明显地超过图3中的情况。而且，位置重叠的塑化区在焊接方向的长度也较长。总的来说，通过第二辐射，工艺条件和因此可获得的工艺可靠性都得到了显著的改善。
上部接合部分的温度增加的另一个优点在于使上部接合部分的材料的刚性减小。从图5的图表中可以清楚地看到这种减小，其中，横坐标表示一ABS试件的相对伸长率，纵坐标示出在21.5℃和66℃之间不同的温度下形成所述伸长率必需的拉伸载荷。该图表显示出，当温度上升时，屈服点(图表曲线的最高点)和弹性模量(曲线的开始斜度)向较低的载荷变化。由于材料的屈服点决定性地确定其抗弯强度，当均匀地贯穿加热顶层时，那么可以认为，即使远低于该材料的熔点，其抗弯强度也会明显地降低到只占常温下的初始值的一小部分。
如图6和7所示，这意味着在元件公差上可焊性得到了提高。图中是两个接合部分1、2横向于焊接方向的剖视图，其中待焊接的边缘轮廓K上具有由于裂缝或公差导致的间隙23。当施加一定的夹紧压力(图6和7的箭头24)时，这可视为构成顶层的上部部分1关于支点A的弯曲。当一简化视为一维弯曲梁时，形成一个线性的应力场，所述应力场在中间纤维平面内为零并取决于材料的弹性模量(图6和7中的箭头25)向顶层边缘线性升高，即向上作为拉应力和向下为压应力。这里在一些情况下，间隙23将不会被(充分)跨接。
当加热上部接合部分1时，屈服点降低，并且塑性材料更早地开始塑化。在较高应力处，不存在线性弹性的应力状态，而是塑性状态。现在，屈服点限制最大可传递应力并形成根据图7的拉/压应力场。如图所示，加热后的接合部分1可以更紧地贴合所示缺口，同时，其整体抗弯强度比在低温条件下小。第二辐射使得上部接合部分的抗弯强度减小，从而显著提高了跨接间隙的能力。
在本发明方法的实现方面，可以说，所公开的方法和相应的装置提供了很多工艺控制的可能性，从而提供了很多优化焊接过程的可能性。例如，第二辐射15的聚焦区19相对于激光焊接光束3的焦点21的偏移可以具有静态特征，但也可以通过适当的控制回路使该位移与实际处理过程中的条件相匹配。
也可以使其它的工艺参数，例如进给速度、夹紧滚轮10和第二辐射源14的位置、整个光束进给运动学的设计等与实际的工艺状态相匹配。各种不同的工艺参数都可作为指令参数，例如当前夹紧力、在焊接区域18测量到的焊接激光的反射信号等。
可以利用适当的光学元件例如滤镜，使第二辐射15的波长谱适合当前的材料，特别是上部接合部分1。例如，可以通过滤镜消除光谱的干涉区。
最后，图8和9示出带第二辐射辅助装置的激光焊接装置的第二实施例。该实施例的一个特殊的特征在于，使用了对于激光焊接光束3的波长可透射的夹紧滚轮10′。这样，激光焊接光束3可以穿过夹紧滚轮10′进入焊接区域。一个优点在于，通过对两个接合部分1、2加载形成的夹紧位置可以与激光焊接光束3的焦点21相同，从而在接合部分2的熔融过程中，在对两个接合部分的最佳夹紧的同时存在最小的可能间隙。
如图8和9所示，处理头4的机座6设计成带有两个侧部27、28的轭形件26，管状轴颈29、30朝向内设置在所述侧部之间并位于所述侧部下端。该管状轴颈通过球轴承31、32支承管套33、34，所述套管在其之间保持住透射性的夹紧滚轮10′。激光焊接光束3从激光光束源(未示出)通过一光波导体35穿过一轴颈29，并通过一准直透镜37与夹紧滚轮10′的旋转轴线同轴地通向夹紧滚轮10′。一聚焦镜38在旋转轴线36上设置在夹紧滚轮10′的滚轮面上；该聚焦镜使仍为原始光束的激光焊接光束3穿过夹紧滚轮10′的滚压分支，并聚焦到焊接区域18中。
在该激光焊接装置的实施例中，由与根据图1和2的实施例类似地产生第二辐射15。在这一点上，可以参考那里所涉及到的描述，同时，相同的元件具有相同的附图标记。
总之，通过根据本发明的方法和相应的具有第二辐射辅助装置的激光焊接装置帮助实现各种优点和效果，这些优点和效果将被再次简要概括如下：
——工艺速度和稳定性与常规的激光焊接过程相比得到提高；
——由于不适宜的热的、流变学的、光学的和/或化学的特性而不能或几乎不能通过激光焊接的材料组合变得可以接合和焊接；
——工艺的容错(能力)提高，特别是在接合部分与理论几何形状的几何形状偏差上；
——可以用对于夹紧技术的合理的投资实现具有三维轮廓的元件的可靠的工艺处理；
——在接合部分都不具有足够高的吸收性的情况下，可以对待焊接的塑料进行预热，使得从激光焊接光束的焦点区域吸收的少量热量就足以使焊接区域的材料完成最初的熔融。

Claims (16)

1.一种焊接热塑性塑料模制件，特别是轮廓焊接三维模制件的方法，该方法包括以下特征：
—在待焊接的轮廓(K)附近使接合部分(1、2)接触；
—用一夹紧装置(10、10′)在接合区域对接合部分(1、2)加载作用；
—在焊接区域内用一激光焊接光束(3)对所述接合部分(1、2)中的一个(2)进行辐射；
其特征在于
—在焊接区域(18)中对另一个接合部分(1)附加并同步地进行电磁的第二辐射(15)，以使该接合部分升温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二辐射(15)包括至少与所述激光焊接光束(3)的波长不同的光束部分。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，使用IR辐射或UV辐射作为所述第二辐射(15)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，采用短波的、优选是由卤素辐射源(14)产生的IR第二辐射(15)或中波的IR第二辐射(15)作为所述IR辐射。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二辐射(15)与所述激光焊接光束(3)同心地并同步施用。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二辐射(15)在所述激光焊接光束(3)之前施用。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，聚焦地施用所述第二辐射(15)。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，穿过一能透射所述第二辐射(15)和/或所述激光焊接光束(3)的夹紧装置特别是夹紧滚轮(10′)来施用该第二辐射和/或该激光焊接光束。
9.一种用于焊接热塑性塑料模制件，特别是轮廓焊接三维模制件的装置，该装置包括：
—一用于两个接合部分(1、2)的夹紧装置(10、10′)；
—一用于产生激光焊接光束(3)的激光焊接光束源；
—一用于将所述激光焊接光束(3)导向到在所述两个接合部分(1、2)之间的焊接区域(18)中的所述两个接合部分(1、2)中的一个(2)上的激光焊接光束导向装置(5、35)；
其特征在于
—一用于产生电磁的第二辐射(15)的第二辐射源(14)；以及
—一用于将所述第二辐射(15)导向到焊接区域(18)中的所述两个接合部分(1、2)中的另一个(1)上的第二辐射导向装置(16)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二辐射(15)包括至少与所述激光焊接光束(3)的波长不同的光束部分。
11.根据权利要求8或10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二辐射源(14)是一IR辐射器或UV辐射器。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二辐射源(14)是一中波IR辐射器，或优选地是一短波IR卤素辐射器。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述激光焊接光束(3)的焦点与所述第二辐射(15)的作用区域基本上同心且同步。
14.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述激光焊接光束(3)的焦点(21)之前设置所述第二辐射(15)作用的区域(19)。
15.根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，存在一用于所述第二辐射(15)的聚焦装置(16)。
16.根据权利要求9至15中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，存在一优选是夹紧滚轮(10′)的能透射所述激光焊接光束(3)和/或所述第二辐射(15)的夹紧装置，所述激光焊接光束(3)和/或所述第二辐射(15)穿过该夹紧装置通向所述焊接区域。
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