CN1787340B - rotating electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a robust small-sized rotating electrical machine having a mechanism capable of changing output characteristics without increasing mechanical loss and without consuming electric power that does not contribute to an increase in torque. The rotor has N-pole and S-pole magnets arranged alternately and fixedly. An end surface of each of the plurality of first teeth on the first stator section, which is opposite to the rotor, is wider than the opposite surface, and a winding is wound around a portion between the end surfaces. The second stator segment has a second tooth having the same number of teeth as the first tooth and no winding. The second teeth are arranged opposite to the narrower end surfaces of the respective first teeth, and each of the second teeth is reciprocally movable between a reference position where the second tooth faces the respective first teeth and a maximum movable position located midway between the respective narrower end surfaces. In the reference position, a strong magnetic through-flow flows from each magnet into the entire first tooth. In the maximum movable position, the flux-weakening flow only flows over the wider end surface of each first tooth. A moderate amount of flux flow is generated at the intermediate displacement position.

Description

rotating electrical machine

technical field

The present invention relates to small rotating electrical machines in which the current flowing through the coils is not used for field magnet weakening control, thereby providing a wide operating range covering high torque low speed rotation to low torque high speed rotation, And easy to complete its control efficiently.

Background technique

Conventionally, a radial gap type motor used as a radial gap type rotating electric machine as a power source of a motorcycle or the like and other general electric motors have a structure in which a rotor yoke (rotor side yoke having The supported rotation shaft) and the stator yoke (stator-side yoke) face each other, and opposing surfaces of the rotor yoke and the stator yoke extend parallel to the axis of the rotation shaft.

The opposite surface of the rotor side yoke has a plurality of field magnets arranged around the cylindrical inner wall, while the opposite surface of the stator side yoke has a plurality of field magnets radially arranged to oppose the cylindrical opposite surface of the rotor side yoke. tooth. A coil is wound around each of the plurality of teeth.

That is, in the radial gap type motor, the opposing surfaces of the field magnet and the teeth extend parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft, and a cylindrical gap is formed between the opposing surfaces along the rotating shaft. That is, in the so-called radial gap type, the gap is formed to extend radially from the rotating shaft.

In addition, contrary to this, there is another motor which, although it is a radial gap type motor, has such a structure that the stator side yoke is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the rotor side magnet placed in the cylinder The yoke is cylindrical. As one of such types of motors, there has been proposed a motor in which a cylindrical member is placed on the opposing surface of each protruding end portion of the stator core of the stator core side yoke and the opposing surface of each permanent magnet of the rotor side yoke. Between the surfaces to prevent cogging while achieving low-torque operation in high-speed rotation, magnetically conductive segments and non-magnetically conductive segments are alternately arranged in the cylindrical member. (For example, see Patent Document 1).

Also, similarly, as one of the motors of this type (the stator side yoke is formed into a cylindrical shape, and the rotor side yoke is a cylindrical shape placed inside the cylinder), in order to reduce the stator leakage flux in high-speed rotation, Another motor is proposed in which the stator core of the yoke on the stator side is composed of a cylindrical core and a rod-shaped core reciprocating inside the cylindrical core, and the rod-shaped core moves relative to the coil in the radial direction of the stator-side coil, Wherein the coil is wound around the cylindrical core. (For example, see Patent Document 2).

On the other hand, recently, axial gap type rotating electrical machines have attracted much attention in addition to radial gap type rotating electrical machines.

For example, as one of axial gap type rotating electrical machines, an axial gap type motor has a disk-shaped rotor-side yoke and a disk-shaped stator-side yoke arranged to face each other, wherein the rotor-side yoke includes a yoke supported by its bearings. The axis of rotation, the center of the yoke on the stator side coincides with the axis of the axis of rotation of the yoke on the rotor side.

On the opposite surface of the yoke on the rotor side, a plurality of field magnets are arranged in a circle (or ring) along its disk-shaped peripheral portion, while on the opposite surface of the stator-side yoke, a plurality of field magnets are arranged along its disk-shaped peripheral portion. teeth. Furthermore, a gap is formed between the opposing surfaces of the field magnet and the teeth and another opposing surface defining a surface that intersects the axis of rotation at right angles, ie perpendicular to the axis of rotation. That is, in the so-called axial gap type, the gap is formed to extend in the direction along the rotation axis, that is, in the axial direction.

In the axial gap type motor thus described, as one of the methods of changing its output characteristics, there is known a method in which the rotor (rotor-side yoke with field magnets) or the stator arranged opposite to the rotor (at the stator The coiled core on the side yoke) is movable in the direction of the rotation axis to control the distance between the rotor and the stator; thereby, the magnetic flux flowing between the control field magnet and the coiled core is increased or decreased.

[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2000-261988, Early Laid-Open Application Publication (Abstract, Paragraph [0025] and Figures 1 and 2)

[Patent Document 2] JP-A-2004-166369, Early Laid-Open Application Publication (Abstract, Paragraphs [0020]-[0023] and Figures 1 and 3)

Contents of the invention

However, in any structure of the above-mentioned conventional technologies, the structure of the entire device may be relatively large, which increases the mechanical loss. In other words, radial gap type motors need to be as thin as possible, and axial gap type motors need to be as thin as possible; however, both needs cannot be satisfied. Also, there is no significant improvement in wasting electrical energy without contributing to increased torque.

In view of these circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electric machine in which a stator arranged opposite to a rotor is divided into at least two parts, one part is fixed and the other part is movable relative to the fixed part in the direction of rotation of the rotor Motion to greatly alter the flow of flux flow, ie the base portion of the stator is rotatable (movable) to control the field.

The structure of the rotating electric machine according to the present invention is explained below.

First, the rotating electric machine of the first invention includes a rotor rotating around the axis of the rotating shaft, and a stator disposed opposite to the rotor, wherein one of the rotor and the stator is divided into at least two parts in a direction in which the rotor and the stator face each other, so One of the two divided parts is movable relative to the other part in the rotational direction or reverse direction of the rotor in such a manner that the gap forming the reluctance between the first part and the second part is variable.

For example, this rotating electric machine is configured so that the movement of one part relative to the other part is a reciprocating movement within a predetermined angle.

In addition, the rotating electric machine may be configured, for example, in such a manner that the one part and the other part are stators, the other part is a first stator core having a plurality of first teeth, and the plurality of first teeth Each one end surface is opposed to the rotor, and a winding is wound around a peripheral side surface of each of the first teeth, and the one portion is a second stator core having a plurality of second teeth, the plurality of One end portion of each of the second teeth is opposed to each opposite end surface which is located on the opposite side with respect to the one end surface of the first tooth opposite to the rotor.

In this regard, the rotating electrical machine is configured, for example, in such a way that the angle of rotation of the one part relative to the other part is smaller than the angle defined by two adjacent teeth of the second tooth.

In addition, the rotating electric machine may be configured, for example, in such a manner that the one part and the other part are rotors, the other part is a first rotor segment having a plurality of first magnetic members, the plurality of first magnetic members One end surface of each member is opposed to the stator, and the one portion is a second rotor segment having a plurality of second magnetic members whose respective ends are connected to the first magnetic member. Each other end surface of the stator is opposite, and the other end surface is located on the opposite side relative to the one end surface opposite to the stator.

In this regard, the rotating electric machine is configured, for example, in such a way that the angle of rotation of the one portion relative to the other portion is smaller than an angle defined by two adjacent magnetic members of the second magnetic member.

Next, the rotating electric machine of the second invention includes: a rotor having an annular segment rotating around the axis of the rotating shaft; a first stator core having a plurality of first teeth each having one end surface thereof a portion opposite to the ring segment, and windings are wound around peripheral side surfaces of the portion except two end surfaces; and a second stator core having a plurality of second teeth each One end portion of the first stator core is opposite to each other end surface of the first teeth of the first stator core, the other end surface is located on the opposite side with respect to the one end surface opposite to the rotor, and the rotating electric machine is configured In order for the second stator core to be movable in the rotation direction or inversion direction of the rotor.

The second stator core is configured, for example, in such a way that it can move in the rotational direction or the reverse direction of the rotor, and also in the axial direction of the rotor.

In addition, each first tooth is configured, for example, in such a manner that, at one of the end surfaces opposite to the one end of each of the second teeth, there is a protrusions on the side surface.

This rotating electric machine is constructed, for example, in such a way that the lower part of each of said first teeth opposite to said ring segment of said rotor is divided into a part having a winding on its peripheral surface and a part having no winding on its peripheral surface. and the second tooth includes a tooth corresponding to the portion of the first tooth having the winding on the peripheral surface, and a tooth corresponding to the portion of the first tooth not having the winding on the peripheral surface The other part of the winding corresponds to the other tooth.

In addition, each facing surface of the rotor and the first tooth may be formed to extend obliquely in such a manner that the inner side closer to the axis of the rotating shaft of the facing surface of the rotor is thicker and the outer side is thinner.

A rotating electrical machine of the third invention includes: a cylindrical rotor rotating around the axis of the rotating shaft; a first stator core having a plurality of first teeth, one end surface of which is located on the cylindrical rotor inside a cylindrical structure to be opposed to the rotor, and a winding is wound around a peripheral side surface of each of the first teeth except two end surfaces; and a second stator core having a plurality of second teeth, the plurality of Each one end of each of the second teeth is opposite to each other end surface of each of the first teeth of the first stator core, and the other end surface is located on the opposite side with respect to the one end surface opposite to the rotor, And the rotary electric machine is configured such that the second stator core is movable in the rotation direction or the reverse direction of the rotor.

In addition, a rotating electrical machine of the fourth invention includes: a cylindrical or cylindrical rotor rotating around the axis of the rotating shaft; a first stator core having a plurality of first teeth, one end surface of which is located on the rotor radially outside of the rotor, and windings are wound around the peripheral side surface of each of the first teeth except two end surfaces; and a second stator core having a plurality of second teeth, the plurality of Each one end of each of the second teeth is opposite to each other end surface of each of the first teeth of the first stator core, and the other end surface is located on the opposite side with respect to the one end surface opposite to the rotor, And each other end portion of the plurality of second teeth is held by a holder, and the rotary electric machine is configured such that the second stator core is movable in a rotation direction or a reverse direction of the rotor.

The rotating electric machine of the second, third or fourth invention is configured, for example, in such a manner that when the second tooth is positioned to completely face the first tooth, one first tooth is completely facing the first tooth. The reluctance existing between a second tooth of the teeth is smaller than the reluctance existing between the first tooth and another first tooth adjacent to the first tooth, and when the second tooth moves so that the second tooth When the tooth is located in the middle position between the first tooth and the other first tooth, the second tooth exists between the first tooth and the other first tooth adjacent to the first tooth The reluctance is greater than that existing between the first tooth and another first tooth adjacent to the first tooth.

In this regard, the rotating electric machine is configured, for example, in such a way that the reluctance can pass through the distance between the first tooth and another first tooth adjacent to the first tooth, or the distance between the first tooth and the first tooth. The distance between the second teeth is adjusted.

Furthermore, the rotary electric machine of the second, third or fourth invention is configured, for example, to include a movement driving force transmission mechanism for moving the second stator in the rotation direction or the reverse direction of the rotor core. The rotary electric machine of the second, third or fourth invention is configured such that, for example, the movement of the second stator core relative to the first stator core is a reciprocating movement within a predetermined angular range in the rotor rotation direction or inversion direction. The rotating electric machine of the second, third or fourth invention is configured such that, for example, the movement of the second stator core relative to the first stator core is an intermittent rotational movement in the direction of rotation of the rotor. The rotating electric machine of the second, third or fourth invention is constructed, for example, such that the plurality of first teeth and the winding are integrally molded together. The rotating electrical machine of the second, third or fourth invention is constructed such that, for example, the plurality of second teeth and the winding are integrally molded together.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a robust small rotating electrical machine having a mechanism capable of changing output characteristics without enlarging the overall shape, increasing mechanical loss, requiring no transmission, and consuming electric power that does not contribute to increasing torque.

Description of drawings

1 is a side view of a motorcycle as an example of an apparatus on which an axial gap type rotating electric machine is mounted as a rotating electric machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an axial gap type motor (motor) together with the structure around the rear end of the rear arm.

Fig. 3 shows the structure of the motor stator and its periphery seen from the side of the rear wheel.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing simply and compactly the main part of the stator and the schematic structure of the rotor and its rotating shaft shown in an exploded configuration, arranged opposite to the stator.

5(a) to (f) are schematic diagrams for explaining the driving principle of the axial gap type motor.

FIG. 6 shows that one tooth is opposed to both the N-pole magnet and the S-pole magnet in an actual arrangement so that the N-pole magnet and the S-pole magnet are close to each other.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the reason for the limit value of the rotational speed of a conventional axial gap type motor.

Fig. 8 schematically shows a field magnet weakening control method for increasing the rotational speed of a common axial gap type motor.

9 is a cross-sectional view showing the axial gap motor in the first embodiment together with the structure around the rear end of the rear arm.

Fig. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the axial gap motor of the first embodiment.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the fully assembled condition of the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment together with the rotation control system.

Figure 12 (a), (b) and (c) are used to explain the pivot angles of the reciprocating motion of the second stator segment of the axial gap motor in the first embodiment relative to the first stator segment in the direction of rotor rotation and a schematic diagram of the operation.

13( a ) and ( b ) are schematic diagrams for explaining the principle of rotation control of the axial gap motor of the first embodiment in the range from high torque low speed rotation to low torque high speed rotation.

14( a ) to ( e ) are schematic diagrams illustrating gaps causing magnetoresistance.

15(a) and (b) show the structure of the main part of an alternative (first type) of the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment.

16(a) to (d) show the structure of main parts of another alternative (second type) of the axial gap type motor of the first embodiment.

17(a) to (d) show the structure of the main part of the axial gap type motor in the second embodiment.

Figures 18(a) and (b) show an alternative in which the opposing surfaces of the rotor and stator and of the stator segments into which the stator is divided form surfaces other than the horizontal surface.

Fig. 19 is a sectional view showing the structure of a radial gap type motor according to a third embodiment.

Fig. 20 is a sectional view showing the structure of a radial gap type motor according to a fourth embodiment.

Fig. 21 is a perspective view showing the structure of an axial gap type motor according to a fifth embodiment.

Fig. 22 shows the offset relationship of the rotation phase between the first rotor segment and the second rotor segment when the rotor rotates at high speed and low torque in the structure of the axial gap motor according to the fifth embodiment.

Fig. 23 shows the structure of a main part of an axial gap type motor according to a sixth embodiment.

Fig. 24 shows the offset relationship of the rotation phase between the first rotor segment and the second rotor segment when the rotor rotates at high speed and low torque in the structure of the axial gap motor according to the sixth embodiment.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Motorcycle equipped with rotating electrical machine of the present invention)

FIG. 1 is a side view of a motorcycle as an example of an apparatus having an axial gap type rotating electric machine thereon, which is a rotating electric machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the motorcycle of this embodiment is provided with a head pipe 2 on the front top of its vehicle body. A steering shaft (not shown) for changing the direction of the vehicle body is inserted into the head pipe 2 for pivotal movement.

A handlebar support portion 4 to which the handlebar 3 is fixed is mounted on the top end of this steering shaft, and a handle 5 is mounted at each end of the handlebar 3 . Also in FIG. 1 , the right-hand handle (rear side of FIG. 1 ), which is hidden from view due to being obscured, forms a rotatable throttle grip.

A front fork 6 having a pair of left and right is coupled to the bottom of the head pipe 2 to extend downward. There is a front axle 8 in suspension state between the pair of front forks 6, which is used for shock absorption and supporting front wheel rotation.

The aforementioned handlebar support portion 4 has an indicator 9 arranged in front of the handlebar 3 . The headlight 11 is fixed on the lower part of the indicator 9 . Flashlights 12 (one of the flashlights 12 is located on the right-hand side, ie on the rear side in FIG. 1 , is hidden from view) are located on both sides of the headlight 11 .

A pair of left and right body frames 13 each substantially forming an L-shape extends rearward with respect to the vehicle body when viewed from the side. Each vehicle body frame 13 is a round tube extending obliquely toward the rear and lower part of the vehicle body and then horizontally extending rearward, thus forming a substantially L-shape when viewed from the side.

A pair of left and right seat rails 14 are coupled to respective rear side ends of the pair of body frames 13 so as to extend obliquely further upward and rearward from the respective rear side ends of the body frames 13 . The rear side end 14 a of each seat rail 14 is bent rearward along the outer shape of the seat 15 .

The battery 16 is detachably arranged between the pair of left and right seat rails 14 . Battery 16 is configured to include a plurality of rechargeable secondary cells. An inverted U-shaped seat stay 17 is welded to portions of the pair of left and right seat rails 14 adjacent to the aforementioned bent portion so as to be inclined forward and upward with respect to the vehicle body. The aforementioned seat is placed at a portion surrounded by the seat stay 17 and the pair of left and right seat rails 14 so that the seat 15 can move between open and closed positions as its front end vertically pivots.

In addition, a rear fender 18 is mounted on the rear end of the seat rail 14 , and a tail light 19 is mounted on the rear surface of the rear fender 18 . In addition, flashers 21 (one of the flashers 21 is located on the right-hand side, ie, the back side of FIG. 1 , and is not visible due to being blocked) are located on both sides of the taillight 19 .

On the other hand, rear arm brackets 22 (only the brackets 22 on the front side of the paper are shown in FIG. 1 ) are welded to respective horizontal portions of the pair of left and right body frames 13 under the seat 15 . The front end of the rear arm 23 is supported by the pair of left and right rear arm brackets 22 to vertically swing by a pivot shaft 24 .

A rear wheel 25 as a driving wheel is supported to rotate at the center of a substantially circular rear end 23 a of the rear arm 23 . The rear arm 23 and the rear wheel 25 are suspended by a rear shock absorber for shock absorption.

A pair of left and right footboards 27 (FIG. 1 shows only the footboards 27 on the front side of the paper) is arranged below the respective horizontal portions of the pair of left and right body frames 13. As shown in FIG. Furthermore, a side bracket 28 is supported on the left-hand side by the rear arm 23 via a shaft 29 for pivotal movement behind the footboard 27 . This side bracket 28 is pressed towards the retracted position by a return spring 31 .

Included in the rear end 23 a of the rear arm 23 is a drive unit including an axial gap type electric motor 32 connected to drive the rear wheel 25 .

The structure of the axial gap type motor which is the basis of the present invention and its operation will now be described, followed by the structure of the axial gap type motor 32 according to the first embodiment of the present invention and its operation.

(Basic structure of axial gap motor)

2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an axial gap type motor (hereinafter may be simply referred to as a motor) which is the basis of the present invention together with the structure around the rear end 23 a of the rear arm 23 . Incidentally, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 (partial side view). However, the rear wheels 25 are not shown.

In FIG. 2, the drive unit 33 is incorporated into a space defined inside a gear cover 34 located on the right side of the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23 (the front side of the paper in FIG. 2). The driving unit 33 includes an electric motor, a planetary gear reducer 35 , a controller 36 and the like integrally built together.

As shown in Figure 2, the motor includes: a rotor 38 rotating around a central axis B0 of bearings 37a, 37b supported at the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23 by the bearings 37a, 37b; A stator 39 is fixed to the inner surface of the rear end 23a of the rear arm so as to be opposed to the rotor 38 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , the rotor 38 has a rotor-side yoke 41 ( 41 a - 41 e ) having a generally gambrel-like protrusion toward the rear end 23 a of the rear arm 23 .

That is, the rotor-side yoke 41 includes: an annular segment 41a opposed to the stator 39; a tapered segment 41b extending substantially in a truncated cone shape from the inner peripheral edge of the annular segment 41a toward the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23; The end of the shape section 41b protrudes toward the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23 along the central axis B0 to extend the first cylinder section 41c; in the radial direction of rotation, it faces toward the end of the cylinder section 41c (the bottom end in FIG. 2 ). an annular segment 41d extending along the central axis BO; and a second cylindrical segment 41e extending convexly along the central axis BO from the inner peripheral edge of the annular segment 41d toward the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23 .

The second cylindrical section 41 e is supported for rotation about the center axis BO by the bearings 37 a, 37 b and forms the rotation axis of the rotor 38 . Therefore, the rotation center of the rotating shaft 43 of the rotor 38 coincides with the central axis BO of the bearings 37a, 37b.

Furthermore, the rotor 38 has a plurality of field magnets 42 which are fixedly located on the stator-side opposite surface of the ring segment 41 a of the rotor-side yoke 41 . These field magnets 42 are annularly coaxial about the central axis BO and arranged along the periphery of the annular segment 41a. The field magnets 42 are arranged in such a manner that N poles and S poles alternately appear. Alternatively, the field magnet 42 may be made of a single magnet member having alternately magnetized N and S poles, both of which are formed by a dielectric body portion permanently along the same peripheral surface of a disk or ring. polarization.

The toothed rotary shaft 43 is fixedly attached to the rear wheel side end of the second cylindrical section (rotary shaft) 41e of the rotor 38, and extends coaxially with the rotor 38 (second cylindrical section (rotary shaft) 41e). This toothed rotary shaft 43 rotates together with the rotor 38 .

On the other hand, the planetary gear reducer 35 is coupled with the toothed rotary shaft 43 and installed in the tapered section 41 b of the rotor-side yoke 41 . The planetary gear reducer 35 and the electric motor (rotor 38 and stator 39 ) overlap each other in the vehicle width direction.

The planetary gear reducer 35 is coupled to the rear shaft 44 extending coaxially with the toothed rotary shaft 43, and has the function of reducing the speed of the motor rotation (rotation of the second cylindrical section (rotary shaft) 41e) and passing the rotation through the toothed rotary shaft 43 The function transmitted to the rear axle 44 .

A nut 45 is detachably screwed on the tip 44 a of the rear axle 44 protruding from the gear cover 34 of the rear axle 44 . The rear wheel 25 shown in FIG. 1 is fastened by a nut 45 tightened with the rear wheel 25 placed on the rear axle 44 to be fixedly mounted to the rear axle 44 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the motor stator 39 and its surrounding structure seen from the side of the rear wheel 25 . That is, the front of the schematic diagram in FIG. 3 corresponds to the right-hand side of the vehicle body of the motorcycle 1, the left side of the schematic diagram corresponds to the lower side of the vehicle body, the upper side of the schematic diagram corresponds to the rear side of the vehicle body, and the lower side of the schematic diagram corresponds to the front of the vehicle body.

In FIG. 3 (see also FIG. 2 ), the stator 39 is fixedly located at the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23, and includes a stator-side yoke 46 having a layer of, for example, ring-shaped steel sheets laminated in the central axis direction. laminated layer structure. The stator side yoke 46 has an inverted C shape around the central axis BO. In other words, the stator-side yoke 46 is formed into a ring shape with a part cut away.

The stator-side yoke 46 of the stator 39 has generally rectangular tooth receiving openings extending along the periphery, the number of which is an integer multiple of three. The stator 39 has teeth 47 fixedly positioned in each tooth-accommodating opening, the lower part of each tooth 47 (the side end of the plate in FIG. On the stator side yoke 46.

Each tooth 47 is a laminated layer of steel sheets and is arranged such that its top end (the side surface of the paper front in FIG. 3 ) is separated from each field magnet 42 of the rotor 38 in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 43, It is opposite to the field magnet 42 .

Furthermore, the pitch refers to the angle defined between line segments; one of which extends from the center of the opposing surface of tooth 47 to the corresponding field magnet 42 along the upper surface to the central axis BO of bearings 37a and 37b; the other of which extends from The center of the opposing surface of the adjacent tooth 47 to the corresponding field magnet 42 extends along the upper surface to the central axis BO of the bearings 37a and 37b.

The stator-side yoke 46 fixedly holding the teeth 47 is formed into a ring whose center coincides with the central axis BO of the bearings 37a and 37b, and a part of which is cut off as described above. Thus, teeth 47 whose number is an integral multiple of three are arranged along a ring structure with a part cut away. Therefore, three-phase (U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase) teeth corresponding to cut-out portions of the ring are omitted. Hereinafter, the cut-out portion of the ring is referred to as a teeth omitted portion 48 .

In addition, the stator 39 includes a coil 49 (see FIG. 2 ) wound around each tooth 47; a molded section 51 in which each tooth 47 and the coil 49 are molded with resin or the like; a flange 52.

Each flange 52 has a bolt hole for mounting the molded section 51 including the teeth 47 and the coil 49 to the rear end 23 a of the rear arm 23 . Bolts inserted into the bolt holes are screwed onto the rear end 23 a of the rear arm 23 to fixedly position the stator 39 on the rear end 23 a of the rear arm 23 .

Further, an inverter 54 which can supply power to the stator 39 by being electrically connected to the stator 39 is fixed to the tooth omission portion 48 through an elastic material (not shown) made of rubber or the like. Furthermore, an encoder substrate 55 is placed in the tooth-omitting portion 48 . This encoder substrate 55 and inverter 54 are electrically coupled to each other through a wire harness 56 covered with a flexible coating (a flexible substrate or the like may be used instead of the wire harness).

Magnetic pole detection elements 57 a , 57 b , and 57 c such as Hall sensors are mounted on the encoder substrate 55 . The magnetic pole detection elements 57a, 57b, and 57c are positioned so that they detect the instant when each electrical angle of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase of the motor becomes 180 degrees (eg, the coil current is maximum).

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a main part of the stator 39 of FIG. 3 and a schematic structure of the rotor 38 and its rotating shaft 43 arranged opposite to the stator 39 . In addition, the coil 49 shown in FIG. 2 , the molded portion 51 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the flange 52 shown in FIG. 3 , the inverter 54 , the encoder substrate 55 , and the like are omitted from FIG. 4 .

As shown in FIG. 4, on the stator side yoke 46, the recesses 58 are arranged in an annular structure, which is partially cut away at the circumferential pitch, each recess 58 is formed into a substantially rectangular shape and each tooth 47 is inserted and fixed in the recess 58. A pair of shorter side inner surfaces 58a, 58b of each insertion hole are adapted to guide the central axis BO.

In addition, a steel sheet portion adjacent to each insertion hole and located between the outer peripheral surface 46a of the stator side yoke 46 and the inner side surface 58b closer to the outer peripheral surface 46a is cut to form a radially extending slit 59 so that each insertion hole Communicate with the outside.

The teeth 47 are arranged sequentially on the stator side yoke 46 except the tooth omission portion 48, three teeth form a set of U phase, V phase and W phase, and a two-pole three-phase alternating current is applied to the set. An even number of field magnets 42 having polarity pairs of N poles and S poles are arranged on the rotor 38 at regular intervals corresponding to the intervals of the set of three phases.

Of course, as mentioned above, the field magnet 42 may be formed from a single magnet member having alternately magnetized N and S poles, both formed from a dielectric body portion along the same peripheral surface of the disk or ring. permanent polarization.

That is to say, for example, the field magnets 42 are arranged in such a manner that four field magnets 42 each having a polar pair or one field magnet having four pole pairs are always in contact with a field magnet comprising six teeth 47. The range of permutation intervals is relative. The field magnets 42 are also arranged in such a way that each of the six field magnets 42 with one pole pair or one field magnet with six pole pairs is always opposed to the range of the arrangement interval including the nine teeth 47 .

Incidentally, FIG. 4 shows 15 teeth 47 in total. The stator could originally have 18 teeth 47; but three of them were omitted to accommodate the encoder substrate 55 of FIG. 3 there.

Thus, the motor is constructed in such a way that regardless of whether an odd number of field magnets 42 or one field magnet is used, there are always field magnets 42 (each having 12 pole pairs) combined with fifteen teeth 47 (including The range of the arrangement interval of the omitted part of the three teeth is relative.

(Drive Principle of Axial Gap Motor)

Next, the driving principle of the axial gap motor configured as described above will be described.

5(a) to (f) are schematic diagrams for explaining the driving principle of the axial gap type motor. In Fig. 5 (a), the arrow "a" indicates the rotation direction of the rotor 38, and when the magnetic flux direction from the N pole field magnet 42 (hereinafter simply referred to as the magnet 42) is determined to be positive and the magnetic flux from the S pole magnet 42 Arrow "b" indicates the positive direction of flux when the direction is determined to be negative. However, not all fluxes are directed straight down as indicated by arrow "b", some of them are slanted downwards. Arrow "b" is therefore marked to indicate that the flux is generally downward.

Also, when the N polarity is generated in the coil 49 (wound around each tooth 47 of the stator 39 under the condition that the coil 49 is supplied with current) and exits through the teeth 47 (47u, 47v, and 47w) as core members, When the direction of the magnetic flux is determined to be positive, and the direction of the magnetic flux having S polarity is determined to be negative, arrow "c" indicates the positive direction of the magnetic flux. However, not all fluxes are directed upwards as indicated by arrow "c", some of them are slanted upwards. Arrow "c" is therefore marked to indicate that the flux is generally upward.

In addition, in FIGS. 5( a ) to ( f ), the teeth 47 of the U phase are indicated by 47u, the teeth 47 of the V phase are indicated by 47v, and the teeth 47 of the W phase are indicated by 47w.

FIG. 5( a ) shows a state where N-pole magnets 42 are placed directly above U-phase teeth 47u, and S-pole magnets 42 are placed between each V-phase tooth 47v and each W-phase tooth 47w.

In this state, the current flowing to the coil 49 of the U-phase tooth 47u is turned off, no magnetic flux is generated in the tooth 47u, and only magnetic flux from the N-pole magnet 42 flows through the tooth 47u.

A current capable of generating magnetic flux of S polarity flows through the coil 49 of the V-phase tooth 47v, and the tooth 47v excites the magnetic flux of the S polarity. The excited S-pole magnetic flux of the teeth 47v repels the S-pole magnet 42, ie, the magnet of the same magnetic pole, in the direction of the arrow "a".

On the other hand, a current having an N-polarity magnetic flux can be generated to flow through the coil 49 of the W-phase tooth 47w, and the tooth 47w excites the N-polarity magnetic flux. The excited N-pole magnetic flux of the tooth 47w attracts the S-pole magnet 42, ie, the magnet of the opposite magnetic pole, in the direction of the arrow "a".

The rotor 38 rotates in the direction of the arrow "a" by the torque toward the direction of the arrow "a" caused by the repulsive force and the attractive force, and transitions to the state shown in FIG. 5(b). That is, the N-pole magnet 42 is located between each U-phase tooth 47u and each V-phase tooth 47v, and the S-pole magnet 42 is located directly above the W-phase tooth 47w.

In this state, the current direction is changed to generate an N-pole magnetic flux in the coil 49 of the U-phase tooth 47u. Teeth 47u excite N-pole magnetic flux, and the excited N-pole magnetic flux repels N-pole magnet 42, ie, a magnet of the same magnetic pole, in the direction of arrow "a".

On the other hand, the current direction is changed to generate S-pole magnetic flux in the coil 49 of the V-phase tooth 47v. The teeth 47u excite S-pole magnetic flux, and the excited S-pole magnetic flux attracts the N-pole magnet 42, ie, the magnet of the opposite magnetic pole, in the direction of the arrow "a".

In addition, the current flowing to the coil 49 of the W-phase tooth 47w is turned off, no magnetic flux is generated in the tooth 47w, and only the magnetic flux from the S-pole magnet 42 flows through the tooth 47w.

Also in this state, the rotor 38 rotates in the direction of the arrow "a" by the torque toward the direction of the arrow "a" caused by the repulsive force and the attractive force, and transitions to the state shown in FIG. 5(c). The relationship between the tooth 47 and the magnet 42 in this state is the same as that shown in FIG. 5( a ). However, the respective relationships between the respective teeth 47 and the respective N-pole and S-pole magnets 42 change one by one in the direction of the arrow "a".

That is, the N-pole magnet 42 is located directly above the V-phase teeth 47v, and the S-pole magnet 42 is located between each W-phase tooth 47w and each U-phase tooth 47u which is one of the adjacent three phases.

Under the state of Fig. 5 (c), the electric current of tooth 47v, tooth 47w and adjacent tooth 47u and the magnetic flux polarity that produce in the coil 49 are respectively the tooth 47u of a group of three phases under the state of Fig. 5 (a), The polarities of the electric currents of teeth 47v and teeth 47w and the magnetic flux generated in coil 49 are the same.

That is to say, in this state, the torque in the direction of the arrow "a" is generated by the repulsive force and the attractive force, and this torque causes the rotor 38 to rotate in the direction of the arrow "a" and turn to state. The relationship between the tooth 47 and the magnet 42 in this state is the same as that shown in FIG. 5(b). However, in this state, the relationship between each tooth 47 and one of the N pole and S pole of each magnet 42 also changes one by one in the direction of the arrow "a".

That is, the N-pole magnet 42 is located between each V-phase tooth 47v and each W-phase tooth 47w, and the S-pole magnet 42 is located directly above the U-phase tooth 47u which is one of the adjacent three phases.

Under the state of Fig. 5 (d), the electric current of tooth 47v, tooth 47w and adjacent tooth 47u and the magnetic flux polarity produced in coil 49 are respectively the same as that of a group of three-phase teeth 47u, tooth The polarity of the electric current of 47v and the tooth 47w and the magnetic flux generated in the coil 49 are the same.

Similarly below, the rotor 38 transitions to the state of FIG. 5( e ), and then transitions to the state of FIG. 5( f ). Thus, the N-pole magnet 42 is located between each W-phase tooth 47w and each tooth 47u of the group of three phases. The driving relationship between a set of three phases including U-phase teeth 47u, V-phase teeth 47v and W-phase teeth 47w shown on the left hand side of FIG. 5( a ) and the pair of N-pole magnets 42 and S-pole magnets is terminated.

As shown in Fig. 5(a), another group of three phases comprising U-phase teeth 47u, V-phase teeth 47v and W-phase teeth 47w is connected to another pair of N-pole magnets 42 and S-pole magnets (the one whose relationship with the foregoing has been terminated). Another driving relationship between the N pole magnet 42 and the S pole magnet (adjacent and upstream of the previous pair) is continuously started as shown in FIGS. 5( a ) to ( f ).

Furthermore, in the description of FIGS. 5( a ) to ( f ), the positioning relationship between the magnet 42 and the tooth 47 is divided into six stages for easy understanding. But actually, as the current applied to the coil 49 , a sinusoidal current is continuously applied to the three teeth 47 of each set of three phases adjacent to each other with a regular phase difference. The direction and magnitude of the magnetic flux generated in the coil 49 by the applied current changes as the magnets 42 of the rotor rotate.

In addition, in an actual arrangement, the respective distances between the N-pole and S-pole magnets 42 are shorter than those shown in FIGS. 42 are relative. Also, if a single magnet with multiple pole pairs is used instead of an odd number of magnets 42, the N and S poles will contact each other with no space in between.

The relationship shown in Figures 5(a) to (f) changes sequentially in the direction of rotation to the other of all three-phase groups of a tooth 47 and a pair of two magnets 42 associated with adjacent teeth and magnets. That is to say, two teeth of a group of three phases of teeth 47 and one tooth of an adjacent group of three phases of teeth 47 form the next group of three phases, and one magnet of a pair of two magnets 42 is connected with an adjacent pair of two magnets 42 One of them forms the next pair of magnets.

The current for changing the direction of the coil magnetic flux is changed under the control of the inverter 54, and the timing of applying the current is also under the control of the inverter 54 according to the N-pole magnet by the magnetic pole detection elements 57a, 57b, and 57c shown in FIG. 42 and the detection of the rotational position of the S pole magnet 42 is given.

As explained, in an axial gap type motor, a magnetic circuit is formed between the rotor 38 and the stator 39, and the excitation of each tooth 47 of the stator 39 corresponds to that of the magnet 42 of the rotor 38 through a coil wound around each tooth 47. The N pole and S pole are sequentially changed so that the rotor 38 is rotated by the magnet 42 of the rotor 38 against the repulsive force and attractive force of the excitation of each tooth 47 .

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing that one tooth 47 faces both the N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet 42 in an actual arrangement, where the N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet 42 are located close to each other. In this schematic illustration, the arrow "a" still indicates the direction of rotation of the rotor 38 . In addition, the directions of magnetic flux flow between the N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet are indicated by arrows G1, G2, and G3. In addition, this state is the same as the transition state that occurs when the states shown in Figs. 5(a) to (f) change to each other.

In FIG. 6 , current flows counterclockwise through the coil 49 wound around the tooth 47 on the stator 39 as indicated by arrow E in plan view. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated in the coil 49 and excited by the tooth 47 flows as indicated by the arrow G4 and crosses the magnetic flux flowing between the N-pole magnet 42 and the S-pole magnet 42 . At this time, the repulsion of the N-pole magnet 42 and the attraction of the S-pole magnet 42 also generate a torque in the direction of arrow “a” in the rotor 38 .

In FIG. 6, when the magnet 42 is moved to another position relative to the tooth 47, and the magnet 42 on the left hand side is replaced by an N pole magnet, and the magnet on the right hand side is replaced by an S pole magnet, the direction of the current supplied to the tooth 47 is the same as that of the arrow E The direction indicated is opposite, ie the direction changes to clockwise in the top view of the schematic diagram.

Incidentally, in the motor having the above-mentioned basic structure, its rotational power is not greater than a certain limit value due to structural limitations on its rotational speed. Converted to motorcycle speed, the limit is about 20 km/h in order to obtain the torque necessary to drive the vehicle shown in Figure 1. It will be appreciated, however, that this data may vary depending on tire diameter, drive gear ratio, motor size, and the like.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram explaining the reason for the limit value of the rotational speed of a conventional motor. FIG. 7 shows the positioning state of the N-pole magnet 42, the V-phase tooth 47v and other structures around them shown in FIG. 5(c).

In addition, FIG. 7 shows only the coil 49 of the V-phase tooth 47v and omits the coils of other teeth. As explained with reference to FIG. 5 , when the magnet 42 is located directly above the tooth 47 , no current is applied to the coil 49 .

In FIG. 7, the rotor 38, the stator 39, and the teeth 47 (47u, 47v, and 47w) are made of soft magnetic material. Since the distance "d" between the opposing surfaces of the magnet 42 and the teeth 47 is very small, the spacer reluctance is small. In this way, the magnetic flux flowing between the N pole magnet 42 (N) and the S pole magnet 42 (S) is divided into two parts, one part becomes the magnetic flux flow 61, and the other part becomes the magnetic flux flow 62, which flows through The poles of the magnet 42 , the rotor 38 , the teeth 47 and the stator 39 .

Then, a larger magnetic flux comprising the aforementioned two magnetic flux flows 61 and 62 mixed together passes through the coil 49 of the tooth 47v via the tooth 47v placed in the coil 49 .

When the rotor 38 rotates in the direction of arrow "a", since the magnetic flux passing through the coil 49 passes through the coil 49, a current is generated in the coil 49 according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The current generated in the coil 49 in turn generates a magnetic flux having S polarity from the coil 49 .

That is, the S-pole magnetic flux generated in the coil 49 (ie, in the teeth 47 ) by the current generated in the coil 49 functions to attract the N-pole magnet 42 (N).

In other words, resistance (reluctance) affects the rotation of the rotor 38 . The faster the rotor 38 rotates, the faster the magnetic flux, including the aforementioned two flux flows 61 and 62 mixed together in the coil 49 , passes through the coil 49 . The faster the magnetic flux passes through the coil 49 , the greater the current generated in the coil 49 . The greater the current generated in the coil 49, the greater the amount of magnetic flux the current generates in the tooth 47v that increases the reluctance of the rotor 38.

Soon, the magnitude of the increased rotational power of the rotor 38 and the reluctance balance each other out. This equilibrium state is the limit value of the above-mentioned rotational speed. Of course, this limit can go up as the power supply increases. But this is not a good solution, because the power consumption increases geometrically.

A field magnet weakening control method is known as a method of improving a weak point of rotational characteristics of an axial gap type motor to increase rotational power, that is, a method of changing the rotational state from high-torque low-speed rotation to low-torque high-speed rotation.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a field magnet weakening control method. As explained with reference to FIG. 7 , in a state where no current is applied to the coil 49 when the N-pole magnet 42 (the same is true for the S-pole magnet 42 ) is located directly above the teeth 47, when the rotational speed increases, a greater resistance affects the rotation of the rotor 38. rotate.

However, as shown in the figure, if a medium current is applied to the coil 49 in the direction indicated by the arrow E (the direction is opposite for the S pole magnet 42) when the N pole magnet is positioned directly above the tooth 47, then along the direction indicated by the arrow G4 A magnetic flux having an N polarity (in the opposite direction for the S pole magnet 42 ) is generated.

The magnetic flux generated by this coil acts to weaken the N-pole magnetic flux from the N-pole magnet 42 to the tooth 47 as indicated by the arrow G2. That is, since the magnetic flux acts to weaken the magnetic flux flows 61 and 62 shown in FIG. 7, the magnetic resistance decreases and the rotational power becomes large corresponding to the weakened magnetic flux flow. That is, low-torque high-speed rotation can be realized.

In the field magnet weakening control method, a new current whose phase is the same as that having U phase, V phase, and W phase applied to the tooth 47 is further added to the current to be applied to the coil for rotation (to generate torque). The phases of the three-phase alternating current are inconsistent, and the three-phase alternating current is applied when the electromagnet 42 shown in FIG. 5 is located directly above the tooth 47 and the current is zero. The moment at which the current generates a magnetic flux in a direction that weakens the magnetic flux from the electromagnet 42 to the coil. That is, the newly applied current does not contribute to the rotational torque itself.

In addition, the above also explained that as a method to achieve low-torque and high-speed rotation of the motor, there is another method to increase the relative distance between the rotor and the stator in the direction of rotation, that is, to increase the magnetic gap between the rotor and the stator.

But the inventors of the present invention noticed that the flow of magnetic flux flow in the magnetic gap between the rotor and the stator is not stable. The invention stems from the inventor's attention to the fact that the flow of magnetic flux current in the magnetic gap is not stable.

The inventors found a portion where the flow of magnetic flux flows well, and also found that if a variable magnetic gap is formed there, the flow of magnetic flux flow can be controlled. The controllability of the output characteristic can thereby be improved. This is explained below.

(Structure and Operation of the Axial Gap Type Motor According to the First Embodiment of the Invention)

Next, the structure and operation of the axial gap type motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the basic structure and driving principle of the axial gap type motor described above.

9 is a sectional view showing the axial gap type motor according to the first embodiment together with the structure around the rear end of the rear arm. Also in FIG. 9, the same components as those shown in FIG. 2 are given the same reference numerals and symbols as those used in FIG.

Fig. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the axial gap type motor according to the first embodiment. The structure of the axial gap type motor (hereinafter simply referred to as the motor) of this embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 .

First, the motor 70 of this embodiment has a rotor 71 . The rotor 71 is configured to rotate around the axis of the rotation shaft 72 like a disk. The rotor 71 has the same structure as the rotor 38 shown in the basic structure of FIGS. 2 and 4 .

That is to say in Fig. 10, rotor 71, rotating shaft 72, rotor side yoke 73, annular section 74, conical section 75, first cylindrical section 76, annular section 77, second cylindrical section 78 and field magnet 79 Respectively with the rotor 38 shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the rotating shaft 43, the rotor side yoke 41, the annular segment 41a, the tapered segment 41b, the first cylindrical segment 41c, the annular segment 41d, the second cylindrical segment (the rotating shaft ) 41e is the same as the field magnet 42.

The stator (stator segment) 88 is arranged opposite to the rotor 71 (more specifically, the surface on which the plurality of field magnets 79 are arranged). The stator 88 is divided into two parts, a first stator segment 83 and a second stator segment 87 .

The first stator segment 83 includes a first stator core 80 having a plurality of first teeth 81 held by a holder (not shown). The first teeth 81 are arranged in such a manner that one end surface 81 a of each first tooth 81 is axially opposed to the rotor 72 . Each tooth 81 has a winding 82 wound around a peripheral side surface 81c other than the two end surfaces (81a, 81b).

Furthermore, the first teeth 81 are formed in such a manner that the end surface 81a of each tooth 81 opposed to the rotor 71 is larger than the opposite end surface 81b. Thus, as for the intervals between the adjacent first teeth 81 and 81, one interval existing between the end surfaces 81a opposite to the rotor 71 is made narrow, and the other interval between the opposite surfaces 81b is made wide.

Each first tooth 81 having a respective winding 82 is molded together with the winding 82 to form a respective first stator segment 83 whose overall structure is annular. In addition, the driving current control applied to each winding (coil) 82 of the first tooth 81 of the first stator segment 83 to generate torque is the current control using the same method as described with reference to FIG. The basic drive method of magnet weakening control, and generates motor torque under drive current control.

Furthermore, the second stator segment 87 itself forms a second stator core ( 87 ) with second teeth 84 having the same number as the first teeth 81 held by the holder 85 . Each second tooth 84 of the second stator segment 87 has an end 84 a which is arranged opposite an opposite end surface 81 b to the first tooth 81 of the first stator segment 83 opposite the rotor 71 The end surface 81a is located on its opposite side.

The other end 84b of each second tooth 84 is respectively press-fitted into one of a plurality of tooth-accommodating openings 86 formed on the ring holder 85 to be fixed. The second tooth 84 together with the holder 85 press-fitted with the second tooth 84 and secured to the tooth-receiving opening 86 form a second stator segment 87 . Preferably, the second tooth 84 and retainer 85 are also integrally molded. Therefore, these parts are molded in this embodiment. However, the mold is not shown in FIG. 10 .

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a completely assembled state of the motor 70 having the above-described structure together with the rotation control system. Also in FIG. 11 , the same components as those shown in FIG. 10 are assigned the same reference numerals as used in FIG. 10 . In addition, the molds for the first stator segment 83 and the second stator segment 87 are not shown in FIG. 11 . Furthermore, a cutout 89 omitted from FIG. 10 is indicated in the holder 85 of the second stator segment 87 shown in FIG. 11 (see cutout 59 of FIG. 4 ).

As shown in FIG. 11 , the rotor 71 , the first stator segment 83 and the second stator segment 87 of the motor 70 shown in the exploded view of FIG. 10 are sequentially positioned slightly apart from each other along the rotation axis direction.

Although not shown, a so-called first stator segment 83 is fixed to the rear end 23a of the rear arm 23 shown in FIG. 2 by an engaging segment formed in a molded portion. In contrast, it is explained below that the second stator segment 87 is not completely fixed, but can pivot slightly relative to the first stator segment 83 .

As shown in Fig. 11, the pivoting mechanism for the second stator segment 87 is constructed in such a way that the toothed part for the gear mesh 90 meshes with the small diameter gear of the reduction gear 91 of the rotation control system, wherein the belt A tooth portion is formed on a part of the peripheral side surface of the holder 85 of the second stator segment 87 .

The large-diameter gear of the reduction gear 91 meshes with the small-diameter gear of the next-stage reduction gear 92 , and the large-diameter gear of the reduction gear 92 meshes with the small-diameter gear of the third-stage reduction gear 93 . The large-diameter gear of the reduction gear 93 meshes with a worm wheel 95 fixedly mounted on the tip of the rotating shaft of the motor 94 .

The motor 94 is connected to an unillustrated drive pulse voltage output terminal of a controller 97 to which electric power for driving the circuit is supplied from a power source 96 . The axis of forward and reverse rotation of the motor 94 is changed to extend at right angles to its original direction by the worm gear 95 . The rotation is also decelerated and transmitted to the large diameter gear of the reduction gear 93 . The rotation undergoes three stages of reduction corresponding to the sequential gear ratios among the reduction gears 93 , 92 and 91 , and is then transmitted to the toothed portion 90 for gear meshing formed on the holder 85 of the second stator segment 87 .

The second stator segment 87 is thus configured to be slightly displaceable in the direction of rotation of the rotor 71 relative to the first stator segment 83 . That is, the second stator segment 87 can move continuously, intermittently and reciprocally at narrow pivot angles. In other words, the second stator segment 87 can move slightly steplessly and intermittently in forward and reverse directions along the rotation direction of the rotor 71 .

12 ( a ), ( b ) and ( c ) are schematic diagrams for explaining the pivot angle and operation of the reciprocating motion of the second stator segment 87 relative to the first stator segment 83 in the rotational direction of the rotor 71 . In addition, in Fig. 12 (a), (b) and (c), in order to simply show the transition state of the second tooth 84 of the second stator segment 87 relative to the first tooth 81 of the first stator segment 83, this The winding 82, cutout 89 and toothed portion 90 for gear meshing, rotation control system, etc. shown in FIG. 11 are omitted from the schematic diagram.

FIG. 12( a ) shows the positional relationship of the second teeth 84 of the second stator segment 87 relative to the first teeth 81 of the first stator segment 83 during high-torque and low-speed rotation. In this embodiment, the positions in this positional relationship are reference positions.

Along with the above-mentioned pivotal movement of the second stator segment 87, the second tooth 84 can pivot (reciprocate) within a narrow angular range along the rotational direction of the rotor 71 indicated by the arrow "a", as shown in FIG. 12( The reference position shown in a) is the position where each second tooth 84 is facing the position of each first tooth 81, through the halfway position shown in Figure 12 (b), to the maximum movable position shown in Figure 12 (c) that is each The exact middle position between the first teeth 81 and 81. In addition, the halfway position shown in FIG. 12(b) may be any determined position in the stepless and intermittent pivoting movement.

13(a) and (b) are diagrams for explaining the principle of rotation control of the motor 70 in this embodiment in the range from high torque low speed rotation to low torque high speed rotation.

In addition, for simplicity of illustration, the coil 82 wound around each tooth 81 and the die are omitted in FIGS. 13( a ) and ( b ). Similarly, the molds for the second tooth 84 and the holder 85 are omitted from the schematic diagram.

In addition, FIG. 13( a ) shows the high-torque low-speed rotation state shown in FIG. 12( a ), in which state, each second tooth 84 faces each first tooth 81 . FIG. 13( b ) shows the low-torque high-speed rotation state shown in FIG. 12( c ), in this state, each second tooth 84 is located in the middle position between the respective first teeth 81 and 81 .

Figure 13(a) also shows that the i-th magnet 79i of the rotor 71 is facing the i-th first tooth 81i of the first stator segment 83 on the stator side, and the i-th first tooth 81i of the second stator segment 87 on the stator side The second tooth 84i is facing the state of the first tooth 81i. That is, FIG. 13(a) shows the same state as that shown in FIG. 12(a).

In addition, Fig. 13(b) shows that the positional relationship between the magnets 79i of the rotor 71 and the first teeth 81i of the first stator segment 83 has not changed, while the second teeth 84i of the second stator segment 87 are located in the first stator segment 87. The state of the middle position between the respective first teeth 81i and 81i+1 of the sub-section 83 . That is, FIG. 13(b) shows the same state as that shown in FIG. 12(c).

In FIG. 13(a), the ring segment 74 of the rotor-side yoke 73, the first teeth 81 (81i-1, 81i, 81i+1) of the first stator segment 83, the second teeth of the second stator segment 87 84 (84i-1, 84i, 84i+1) and the holder 85 all belong to the rotor 71 and have strong magnetic permeability. Furthermore, the opposing surfaces of the magnet 79 (79i-1, 79i, 79i+1) and the first tooth 81, and the opposing surfaces of the first tooth 81 and the second tooth 84 are very close to each other, respectively. Thus, the reluctance "h" between the magnet 79 (79i-1, 79i, 79i+1) and the opposing surfaces of the first tooth 81 and the reluctance "h" between the opposing surfaces of the first tooth 81 and the second tooth 84 k" is small.

Furthermore, as described above, the end surface 81a of each first tooth 81 opposed to the rotor 71 is formed larger than the other end surface 81b thereof. Like this, between each adjacent first teeth 81, the reluctance "j" that forms between the end surface 81a opposite to rotor 71 is much smaller than the reluctance that forms between other surfaces; But, this "j" is larger than Reluctance "h" between rotor 71. That is to say, there is a relationship (h≒k<j) between the magnetoresistances.

Thus, the magnetic flux generated between the magnet 79i (determined as the N pole) and the adjacent magnet 79i-1 (and thus the S pole) hardly passes through the portion having the reluctance "j", but forms a strong magnetic flux flow 98a, It passes through the part with reluctance "h", the first tooth 81i, the part with reluctance "k", the second tooth 84i, the holder 85, the second tooth 84i-1, the part with reluctance "k" , the first tooth 81i-1, the portion having the reluctance "h", and the ring segment 74.

In addition, the magnetic flux generated between the magnet 79i (N pole) and another adjacent magnet 79i+1 (S pole) hardly passes through the portion having the reluctance "j", but forms a strong magnetic flux current 98b, which passes through Part with reluctance "h", first tooth 81i, part with reluctance "k", second tooth 84i, holder 85, second tooth 84i+1, part with reluctance "k", th A tooth 81i+1, a portion with reluctance "h", and ring segment 74.

Even if the magnet 79i is not an N-pole magnet but an S-pole magnet, these phenomena also occur, but the magnetic flux travels in the opposite direction, and similarly forms a strong magnetic flux flow through the relevant magnet 79, first tooth 81, second tooth 84, Holder 85 and ring segment 74 .

The above illustrates that if nothing is done, the strong magnetic flux will result in a reluctance that can quickly create a limit that resists the transition of the motor 70 from high torque low speed rotation to low torque high speed rotation. It is also stated above that there is a field magnet weakening control which delays the occurrence of this limit.

But in this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12(a), (b) and (c), the second tooth 84 can be rotated along the direction of rotation of the rotor 71 indicated by the arrow "a", from each The two teeth 84 pivot (reciprocate) within a narrow angular range from the reference position of each first tooth 81 to a maximum movable position at a position right in the middle between each first tooth 81 and 81 .

Assume now that the second tooth 84 is pivoted from the reference position shown in FIG. 13( a ) to the maximum movable position shown in FIG. 13( b ). At this time, a magnetic resistance "m" is formed between the facing surfaces of each first tooth 81 and each second tooth 84, which is larger than the magnetic resistance "k" in the facing state. Furthermore, since each second tooth 84 is located in a structure protruding from the holder 85 , a reluctance “n” is formed that is greater than the reluctance “m” formed by the second teeth 84 .

That is, there is a relationship of "m<n" therebetween. The magnetoresistance "n" is negligible compared with the magnetoresistance "m". In this way, in the state shown in FIG. 13(b), when the second tooth 84 moves to the middle position between each first tooth 81 and another adjacent first tooth 81, each second tooth The magnetic resistance formed between the opposite end surface 81b of each first tooth, which is located on the opposite side with respect to the opposite end surface 81a of the rotor 71, is almost "m".

As described above, the end surface 81a of each first tooth 81 opposed to the rotor 71 is formed larger than the other end surface 81b thereof. Thus, between the adjacent first teeth 81, the reluctance "j" formed between the end surface 81a opposite to the rotor 71 is very small, and in the state shown in FIG. 13(b), the reluctance "j" Form a (j<2m) relationship with the reluctance "m".

That is, the distance (reluctance "j") defined between the end surface 81a of each first tooth 81 opposed to the rotor 71 and the end surface 81a of the other adjacent first tooth 81 is smaller than that between each of the first teeth 81. A minimum distance (reluctance “m”) is defined between two teeth and the opposite end surface 81 b located on the opposite side with respect to the end surface 81 a of the first tooth opposite to the rotor 71 .

As shown in FIG. 13(b), by introducing this state, that is, the state in which the relationship between the reluctance of each member is h<j<m<n, when a magnet 79i (N pole) and another adjacent magnet 79i- The magnetic flux formed between 1 (S poles) forms a weak magnetic flux flow 99a, which does not flow from the first tooth 81i to the second tooth 84i due to the reluctance "m" and the reluctance "n". -1 or the holder 85, but through the first tooth 81i, the part with reluctance "j", the first tooth 81i-1 and the ring segment 74.

In addition, the magnetic flux formed between the magnet 79i (N pole) and another adjacent magnet 79i+1 (S pole) forms a weak magnetic flux flow 99b, which is weak due to the reluctance "m" and "n". The magnetic flux flow 99b does not flow from the first tooth 81i to the second tooth 84i+1 or the holder 85, but through the first tooth 81i, the part with reluctance "j", the first tooth 81i+1 and the ring segment 74.

Thus, the magnetic fluxes from the magnets 79 do not pass through the unshown windings 82 of the respective first teeth 81, and the reluctance generated by these magnetic fluxes passing through the windings 82 against the rotation of the rotor 71 in its rotational direction disappears. Therefore the rotor can rotate at high speed.

Also similarly, the magnetic flux from the magnet 79 does not flow into the winding of each first tooth 81 . In this way, the torque generated between the charged first tooth 81 and the magnet 79 and then supplied to the rotor 71 is reduced. That is, low-torque high-speed operation is realized.

As illustrated, the second tooth simply reciprocates between a position where the second tooth is directly opposite the first tooth and another position where the second tooth is halfway to the adjacent first tooth . Therefore, the overall structure can be relatively compact.

Now, the space forming the magnetoresistance, that is, the gap ("j", "k", "m", "n", etc.) causing the magnetoresistance will be described. The gap causing reluctance is defined as the reluctance space of air or equivalent. The gap (hereinafter simply referred to as the gap) causing the magnetic resistance will be further explained.

14( a ) to ( e ) are diagrams illustrating differences in contact areas that change the magnetic resistance and gap between two members. It is generally known that when a flux flow from a magnet is to flow between two members made of magnetic material, the magnet does not provide any excess flux if any portion is identified as a flow path of the flux.

When the two members are completely separated by a gap, the magnets try to let the flux flow anyway, and the flux starts from the part that provides the easiest route, ie from the narrowest gap.

FIG. 14( a ) shows a state where two magnetic members 101 and 102 having a cross-sectional configuration of a letter L are tightly coupled to each other. The vertical cross-sectional area of the main part of the magnetic member 101 is A, and the vertical cross-sectional area of the convex part of the magnetic member 101 is B. Likewise, the vertical cross-sectional area of the main part of the magnetic member 102 is D, and the vertical cross-sectional area of the protruding part of the magnetic member 102 is D-B. The horizontal cross-sectional area of each protruding portion is C, and is the same as each other.

Now, the following conditions are given: area A = area D = area C = 200S, area B = 50S. Also, it is determined that the magnetic flux 103 from the magnet outside the schematic flows from the magnetic member 101 to the magnetic member 102 .

Suppose that as shown in Figure 14 (b), the two magnetic members 101 and 102 move to separate distances a and b (a=b) respectively relative to each other at the part where the area of the vertical section is B and the area of the vertical section is D-B. , while the parts of the horizontal surfaces of area C are in sliding contact with each other.

For this movement, since an interval of distance b is formed between the two magnetic members 101 and 102, the magnetic flux flow flowing into the main part of the area A=200S of the magnetic member 101 becomes saturated at the area B portion, and Reduced to flow through the area B = 50S magnetic flux. This magnetic flux flow 103 flows into the magnetic member 102 through the sliding surface C1 (area C1=150S, B<C1).

Next, suppose that as shown in FIG. 14( c), the two magnetic members 101 and 102 are further moved to separate distances 2a and 2b relative to each other at the part where the area of the vertical cross-section is B and the part where the area of the vertical cross-section is D-B, And the parts of the area C of the horizontal surface are in sliding contact with each other.

In this case, the magnetic flux flow saturated at the portion of area B is also reduced to the magnetic flux flow flowing through the area B=50S, and flows into the magnetic flux through the sliding surface C2 (area C2=100S, B<C2) Component 102.

That is, there is no reluctance change between the states of Fig. 14(b) and Fig. 14(c). Specifically, the interval that separates the two magnetic members 101 and 102 by the distance a, b or 2a, 2b in the direction of magnetic flux is not an interval that causes reluctance because even if the distance changes, the reluctance does not change (not Variety). That is, this interval is not a gap.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14( d), the two magnetic members 101 and 102 are further moved to separate distances 3.5a and 3.5a from each other at the part where the area of the vertical cross-section is B and the part where the area of the vertical cross-section is D-B. b, while the portions of the horizontal surface of area C are in sliding contact with each other.

At this time, the sliding surface area of each portion of area C of each horizontal surface is C3 = 25S. That is, the following relationship is obtained: B>C3. Thus, the magnetic flux flow 103 is saturated at the sliding surface C3 , and the magnetic flux flow corresponding to the area 25S flows into the magnetic member 102 .

That is, when the area C of the sliding surface is smaller than the vertical cross-sectional area B of the convex portion of the magnetic member 101, the magnetic resistance between the two magnetic members 101 and 102 changes for the first time. In other words, the change in reluctance depends on the change in the area of each sliding surface between the two members.

The change in reluctance shown in Figure 14(c) and (d) is not caused by a change in the distance separating the two members (change from 2a and 2b to 3.5a and 3.5b), but by the sliding surface area Caused by a change in C (C2 to C3 change). That is, the changed separation distances 3.5a and 3.5b still cause no gap.

Similarly, in the state shown in FIG. 14( e), the two magnetic members 101 and 102 are relatively separated from each other by distances 5a and 5b at the part where the area of the vertical cross-section is B and the part where the area of the vertical cross-section is D-B, so that The sliding surface C3 is completely disengaged from the abutment state by a distance C4.

As mentioned above, when the two members are completely separated by the gap, the magnetic flux flow of the magnet flows through the part that provides the easiest route, ie through the part with the narrowest distance C4. That is, reluctance is generated at a portion having the distance C4, and the distance C4 is a reluctance gap. That is, the magnetic resistance changes according to the change of the distance C4.

In other words, the distance C4 is a gap that changes the reluctance; however, the distances 5a and 5b are not gaps that change the reluctance, that is, these distances are not gaps. Any portion described as a gap in this embodiment is that portion that defines distance C4 as described above.

In the present embodiment thus described, the stator is divided into at least two parts and one part moves at right angles to the direction of rotation of the rotor, i.e. the direction of the flow of magnetic flux from the rotor into the respective cores around which the corresponding windings are wound. , to form a variable gap that greatly changes the output characteristics of a rotating electrical machine without consuming electricity that does not contribute to torque.

15(a) and (b) show the structure of the main part of the alternative (first type) of the axial gap type motor in the first embodiment.

Figure 15(a) shows the same state as shown in Figure 13(a), in which each first tooth 81 of the first stator segment 83 faces each second tooth 81 of the second stator segment 87. Teeth 84. As indicated by the double-headed arrow "e" in the schematic diagram, each second tooth 84 in this embodiment moves obliquely downward from this state to be separated from each first tooth 81 .

That is, as shown in FIG. 15(b), the second stator segment 87 moves in a direction parallel to the rotation direction of the rotor 71 and also moves in a direction perpendicular to the rotation direction of the rotor 71, which is not shown in the schematic diagram.

In this way, the distance between each first tooth 81 of the first stator segment and each second tooth 84 of the second stator segment 87 in the direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the rotor 71 is shown in FIG. 15(a). The shown distance "p" is changed to the distance "p'" shown in FIG. 15(b) (p'>p).

That is, the reluctance gap between each first tooth 83 and each second tooth 84 is larger than that in the structure shown in FIG. 13( b ). Therefore, the output characteristics of the motor can be varied in a wider range.

16(a) to (d) show the structure of the main part of another alternative (second type) of the axial gap type motor in the first embodiment.

16 (a) and (b), each first tooth 104 has a protruding portion 104-1 abutting against the side surface of each second tooth 105 at the end surface, and the end surface is consistent with the side surface of the second tooth 105. One end surface is opposite.

Each first tooth 104 thus prevents each second tooth 105 from moving to the right beyond the facing position shown in Figure 16(b).

In this embodiment, each second tooth 105 also moves not only in a direction parallel to the direction of rotation of the rotor 71 but also in a direction perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the rotor 71 , which exists outside the schematic diagram. That is, each second tooth 105 moves obliquely downward to be separated from each first tooth 81 .

Figure 16(c) shows an alternative where each second tooth 105 moves horizontally as indicated by arrow "f", while Figure 16(d) shows another alternative where each second tooth 105 The tooth 105 moves diagonally downward as indicated by the arrow "g".

Also in this alternative, the reluctance gap between each first tooth 104 and each second tooth 105 is larger than in the structure shown in FIG. 13( b ). Therefore, the output characteristics of the motor can be varied in a wider range.

(Structure and Operation of the Axial Gap Type Motor According to the Second Embodiment of the Invention)

17(a) to (d) show the structure of the main part of the axial gap type motor in the second embodiment.

As shown in Fig. 17 (a) and (c), in this embodiment each first tooth 106 is formed in such a manner that the part facing the end 106-1 of the ring segment 74 of the rotor 71 includes a winding 107 around it. The winding portion 106-2 and the non-winding portion 106-3 having no surrounding windings.

In this regard, as shown in Figure 17(b) and (c), each second tooth 108 is divided into an inner tooth portion 109 and an outer tooth portion 110, wherein the inner tooth portion 109 is connected to the winding portion 106 of each first tooth 106 -2, the outer tooth portion 110 corresponds to the non-winding portion 106-3 of each first tooth 106.

The inner tooth part 109 of each second tooth 108 is placed on the inner side of the annular holder 111 (near the central axis side), and the outer tooth part 110 is placed on the outer side of the holder 111 and between two adjacent inner tooth parts 109 middle position between.

The state shown in FIG. 17(c) is the same as the state shown in FIG. 13(a) because the winding portion 106-2 of each first tooth 106 and the inner tooth portion 109 of each second tooth 108 face each other. Also, since the non-winding portion 106-3 and the outer tooth portion 110 are placed on the outer side of the annular arrangement and arranged alternately, the magnetic gap is very large and it hardly affects the magnetic flux flow.

On the contrary, regarding the positioning relationship between the winding portion 106-2 of each first tooth 106 and the inner tooth portion 109 of each second tooth 108, the state shown in FIG. 17(d) is the same as that shown in FIG. 13(b) Same state as shown. Each non-winding portion 106-3 and each outer tooth portion 110 face each other.

That is, the magnetic flux of each field magnet 79 flows back through each non-winding portion 106 - 3 , the outer tooth portion 110 and the holder 111 , and hardly flows through the winding portion 106 - 2 of each first tooth 106 . That is, the magnetic flux of each winding portion 106-2 can be cut more strongly than the embodiment shown in FIG. 13(b).

Furthermore, in the first and second embodiments, the opposing surfaces of the rotor and the stator, and the opposing surfaces of the stator segments into which the stator is divided, are arranged to extend parallel (horizontally in the diagram) to the rotating surface of the rotor; however, these The opposing surfaces of the members are not limited to this parallel arrangement.

Figures 18(a) and (b) show another alternative in which the opposing surfaces of the rotor and stator and the opposing surfaces of the stator segments into which the stator is divided extend obliquely.

In the optional scheme shown in Fig. 18 (a) and (b), the field magnet 113 clamped by the clamper 112, the first tooth 114 and the second tooth 116 clamped by the clamper 115 Each opposing surface extends radially upward and outward relative to the center 117 of the rotor 112 . With this optional structure, the same actions and effects as in the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

(According to the third embodiment of the radial gap type motor structure of the present invention)

Fig. 19 is a sectional view showing the structure of a radial gap type motor according to a third embodiment.

Also in the schematic diagrams, components having the same functions are given the same reference numerals as those given in FIG. 10 in order to simply show that the third embodiment is compared with the first embodiment.

As shown in the schematic diagram, this radial gap type motor includes a cylindrical rotor 73 and a first stator core 83, wherein the rotor 73 rotates around the axis of the rotating shaft (indicated by the center of rotation 117 in the schematic diagram), and the first stator core 83 is located inside the cylindrical rotor 73 and has a plurality of first teeth 81, one end surface of each of these first teeth 81 is respectively opposed to the rotor 73, and a winding 82 is wound on each first tooth 81 except the end surfaces 81a and 81b. outside the peripheral side surface around.

The motor also includes a second stator core 87 having a plurality of second teeth 84 . Each second tooth 84 has an end surface 84 a positioned opposite to the one end surface of the first tooth 81 (which is on the opposite side with respect to the other end surface opposite to the rotor 73 ). The second tooth also has the other end surface 84 b held in the holder 85 .

In this radial gap type motor, the movement of the second stator core 87 is at right angles to the direction of the magnetic flux flow through each first tooth 81 (ie, clockwise or counterclockwise in the schematic diagram), the magnetic flux flow It is generated when the magnetic winding 82 of the stator core 83 is energized. Therefore, the same field magnet control as described with reference to Fig. 13(a) and (b) can be realized.

(Structure of Radial Gap Type Motor According to Fourth Embodiment of the Invention)

Fig. 20 is a sectional view showing the structure of a radial gap type motor according to a fourth embodiment.

Also in the schematic diagrams, components having the same functions are assigned the same reference numerals and symbols as those assigned in FIG. 10 in order to simply show the comparison between the fourth embodiment and the first embodiment.

As shown in the schematic diagram, this radial gap motor includes a cylindrical or cylindrical rotor 73 and a first stator core 83, wherein the rotor 73 rotates around the rotation axis 72, and the first stator core is located at the radially outer side of the rotor 73 and has A plurality of first teeth 81 each of which one end surface is respectively opposed to the rotor 73 and a winding is wound around a peripheral side surface of each first tooth 81 other than the end surfaces 81a and 81b.

The motor also includes a second stator core 87 having a plurality of second teeth 84 . Each second tooth 84 has an end surface 84 a positioned opposite to the one end surface 81 b of the first tooth 81 (which is located on the opposite side with respect to the other end surface 81 a opposite to the rotor 73 ). The second tooth also has the other end surface 84 b held in the holder 85 .

In this radial gap type motor, the movement of the second stator core 87 is at right angles to the direction of the magnetic flux flow through each first tooth 81 (that is, the clockwise or counterclockwise direction in the schematic diagram), and the magnetic flux flow is in the direction of It is generated when the magnetic winding 82 of the first stator core 83 supplies power. Thus, the same field magnet control as described with reference to Figs. 13(a) and (b) can be realized.

(According to the structure of the axial gap type motor of the fifth embodiment of the present invention)

Fig. 21 is a perspective view showing a main part of an axial gap type motor according to a fifth embodiment. This schematic diagram shows only the rotor of the axial gap type motor of this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 21 , first, the rotor 120 of this embodiment includes a plurality of field magnets 122 fixedly located on the ring segment 121 of the rotor yoke of the first rotor segment 120 - 1 .

Secondly, the rotor 120 includes a second rotor segment 120-2 constructed in such a way that the same number of magnetic members 123 as the number of field magnets 122 are placed on a not shown rotary holder to be connected with each field magnet. The rotating surfaces of 122 are in nearly slidable contact, and the second rotor segment 120-2 is coaxially engaged with and rotates with the first rotor segment 120-1.

The stator positioned opposite to the rotor 120 has the same structure as the stator 39 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .

In this axial gap type motor of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21, when it rotates at a low speed and high torque, the first rotor segment 120-1 and the second rotor segment 120-2 are positioned in such a manner , that is, each field magnet 122 and the magnetic member 123 completely overlap each other and rotate in the same phase.

Thus, the magnetic flux of the field magnet 122 is controlled to be collected in each magnetic member 123 and then flow into the teeth of the stator.

The schematic diagram of FIG. 22 shows the offset relationship of the rotation phase between the first rotor segment 120-1 and the second rotor segment 120-2 when the rotor 120 in this structure rotates at high speed and low torque. In the state shown in FIG. 22, the deviation of the rotational phase between the first rotor segment 120-1 and the second rotor segment 120-2 is the largest.

The first rotor segment 120-1 and the second rotor segment 120-2 can move relative to each other between the following two states. In one state, the phases coincide with each other as shown in FIG. 21, and in the other state Next, as shown in Fig. 22, the phases are offset from each other by no more than 15 degrees.

As shown in FIG. 22 , in a state where each phase is shifted by 15 degrees, the magnetic gap between each field magnet 122 and each magnetic member 123 is reduced except for a relatively small gap partially formed at the end near the rotation center. The gap becomes very large at a large portion in the width direction of the rotating shaft. In this way, substantially the entire flux flow of each field magnet 122 flows back through the adjacent field magnet 122 via the ring segment 121 .

The magnetic flux flow flowing into the magnetic member 123 through the small gap formed at the portion near the rotation center is a very small part of the total magnetic flux flow. Also, the magnetic gap between each magnetic member 123 and each tooth of the stator becomes very large at a large portion in the width direction of the rotating shaft, in addition to a relatively small gap partially formed at the end near the center of rotation. big.

In this way, a small amount of magnetic flux flow from each field magnet 122 into each magnetic member 123 does not flow through the teeth of the stator. Therefore, driving conditions can be realized in high-speed low-torque rotation.

In other words, by properly positioning the first and second rotor segments to control the rotational phase offset from the state shown in FIG. 22 to the state shown in FIG. 23 , a certain amount of flux leakage is controlled. In this way, the relationship between speed and torque can be controlled without wasting power.

(According to the structure of the axial gap type motor of the sixth embodiment of the present invention)

Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a main part of an axial gap type motor according to a sixth embodiment. This schematic diagram shows only the rotor of the axial gap type motor of this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 23 , first, the rotor 124 of this embodiment includes a plurality of magnetic members 126 fixedly located on the ring segment 125 of the rotor yoke of the first rotor segment 124 - 1 .

Next, the rotor 124 includes a second rotor segment 124-2 constructed in such a manner that the same number of magnetic-member-combined type magnets 129 as the number of magnetic members 126 are placed in the rotary holder (not shown) to be in almost slidable contact with the rotating surface of each magnetic member 126, and the second rotor segment 124-2 is coaxially engaged with the first rotor segment 124-1 and is coaxially engaged with the first rotor segment 124- 1 to rotate together.

Each magnetic member combined magnet 129 is formed in such a manner that a magnetic member 127 arranged opposite to each magnetic member 126 and a field magnet 128 arranged opposite to a stator (not shown) are stacked on each other.

The stator positioned opposite to the rotor 124 has the same structure as the stator 39 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .

In this axial gap type motor of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 23, when it rotates at a low speed and high torque, the first rotor segment 124-1 and the second rotor segment 124-2 are positioned in such a manner , that is, each magnetic component 126 and the combined magnetic component magnet 129 completely overlap each other and rotate in the same phase.

Thus, the combined magnetic member 127 and the magnetic member 126 located thereon and opposite to the combined magnetic member 127 collect the magnetic flux from one pole of each field magnet 128 and adjust its flow, after which the annular segment 125, the adjacent magnetic member 126 and the magnetic member 127 located below the opposite side of the magnetic member 126 again collects the magnetic flux and again regulates its flow. The magnetic flux then flows through the magnetic member 127 and the combined field magnet 128 .

Magnetic flux from the other pole of each field magnet 128 flows into each tooth of the stator opposite the field magnet 128 located below it, and flows through the adjacent tooth via the stator-side yoke. That is, the magnetic flux of each field magnet 128 flows through each combined magnetic member 127 and magnetic member 126, the annular segment 125, the adjacent magnetic member 126, the magnetic member 127 opposite to the magnetic member 126, the magnetic member 127 combined The combined field magnet 128, the tooth of the stator, the stator side yoke, the adjacent tooth, and the combined field magnet 128 opposite the adjacent tooth, to return current through the coil wound around the stator tooth.

This state is the same as the flow state of the magnetic flux current shown in Fig. 13(a). Therefore, driving conditions can be realized in performing low-speed high-torque rotation.

The schematic diagram of FIG. 24 shows the offset relationship of the rotation phase between the first rotor segment 124-1 and the second rotor segment 124-2 when the rotor 124 in the structure rotates at a high speed and low torque. In the state shown in FIG. 24, the deviation of the rotational phase between the first rotor segment 124-1 and the second rotor segment 124-2 is the largest.

In this embodiment, the first rotor segment 124-1 and the second rotor segment 124-2 can move relative to each other between the following two states. In one state, the phases coincide with each other as shown in FIG. 23, While in another state, the phases are shifted from each other by not more than 15 degrees as shown in FIG. 24 .

As shown in FIG. 24 , in a state where each phase is shifted by 15 degrees, the magnetic gap between each magnetic member 127 and each magnetic member 126 is very large. In this way, the magnetic flux flow of each magnetic member 127 hardly flows into the magnetic member 126, that is, the magnetic flux flow is in a cut-off state.

This state is slightly different from the state shown in Figure 13(b); however, the following state is the same as that of Figure 13(b), in which the gap at the portion where the magnetic flux flow has previously been collected and adjusted becomes larger and cuts off the flux from flowing through the teeth of the yoke on the stator side. Thereby, the driving condition can be realized in performing high-speed low-torque rotation.

In other words, by properly positioning the first rotor segment 124-1 and the second rotor segment 124-2 to control the rotational phase offset from the state shown in FIG. 23 to the state shown in FIG. 24, a certain amount of flux leakage is controlled. In this way, the relationship between speed and torque can be controlled without wasting power.

Claims (3)

1. A rotating electrical machine comprising: a rotor (71) rotating about an axis of a rotating shaft; and a stator (88) arranged opposite to said rotor, wherein said stator (88) is divided into at least two parts along a direction in which said rotor (71) and said stator (88) face each other, and One of the divided two parts is movable relative to the other part in the rotational direction or reverse direction of the rotor in such a manner that a magnetic resistance is formed between the one part and the other part. The gap is variable, The other part is a first stator core (80) having a plurality of first teeth (81), each of which has an end surface (81a) opposite to the rotor (71), and at A winding is wound around the side surface (81c) of the first tooth (81); The one part is a second stator core (87) having a plurality of second teeth (84), each of which has one end portion configured to be aligned with that of the first tooth (81). opposite side end surfaces (81b) opposite to said end surface (81a) opposite to said rotor (71); wherein By moving the one part relative to the other part in the direction of rotation or inversion of the rotor, thereby: The reluctance h between the end surfaces of the rotor (71) and the first tooth (81) facing each other and between the first tooth (81) and the second tooth (84) facing each other The reluctance k between the end surfaces of the rotor (71) is relatively low, and the reluctance j formed between the adjacent first teeth (81) and the end surfaces (81a) opposite to each other of the rotor (71) is smaller than The reluctance h is large and larger than the reluctance k, Alternatively, the reluctance formed between the second tooth and the end surface on the opposite side of the end surface of the first tooth opposite to the rotor is m, and j<2m is formed between the reluctance m and the reluctance j Relationship. 2. A rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the angle of rotation of the one part relative to the other part is smaller than the angle defined by two adjacent second teeth (84) of the one part. 3. A rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein The end surface (81a) of each of the first teeth (81) facing each other with the rotor (71) is larger than the end surface (81b) on the opposite side, whereby adjacent first teeth (81) The space therebetween is narrow on the side of the end surface (81a) opposite to the rotor (71), and wide on the side of the end surface (81b) on the opposite side.

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