CN1978249A - 降低行人伤害的保险杠 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种汽车保险杠系统(20)包括带有中央通道(53、54、56、57、61)及末端部分(34)的减能器(22),该通道及末端部分吸收崩塌能量并用于对被碰撞的行人施加横向力(31、31'、39'、39")。
Description
本发明专利申请是第03817620.3号发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及载客汽车的保险杠,其用于降低碰撞时对行人的伤害,尤其涉及具有减能器的保险杠,该减能器被充分利用来在被撞击的行人起初被碰撞之后,由保险杠提供较柔和的初始碰撞以及“投掷”力。
背景技术
在美国,已设计了自动保险杠系统,用于阻抗低车速及高车速所造成的损害,并用于在高碰撞速度情况下的高能量吸收。近年来,行人安全已开始受到越来越多的注意。然而,为行人安全所设计的保险杠,由于有许多互相冲突的功能上的要求而变得复杂。明显的问题是,人体不能经受高能量的碰撞,也经受不起实质上不伤害肌肉及骨骼组织的急速碰撞。然而,难以降低碰撞时从保险杠转移到行人身上的能量的量级和速率,尤其是难以降低由于“急速”碰撞而立即转移的能量,因为汽车保险杠通常被限制为被保险杠之后一些部件例如散热器及其他发动机部件相对柔和地撞击的,以及限制为被其他前端部件和支承结构所撞击的。这种情况在较小的及较为紧凑的汽车上尤其真实。另外,保险杠必须由坚固的材料制造,以便随着时间的流逝也保持其形状和外观,并提供其作为汽车“保险杠”的主要功能,即推开物件并防止汽车被损伤。由于空气动力学方面的设计考虑,也使问题变复杂了,在这种情况下,保险杠系统的角落被后掠而弯曲进汽车翼子板中,这样又进一步限制了保险杠的行程及保险杠崩塌或折曲的能力。还有,由于保险杠齐膝盖高,从而与行人有关的汽车事故往往牵涉到对行人膝盖的外伤,问题就更为复杂了。在碰撞时,关节和暴露着的骨骼尤其容易受伤。
相应地,就要求保险杠系统解决上述问题,并具有上述优点。
发明内容
从本发明的一个方面来看,汽车所用保险杠系统包括适应于连接在汽车上的横梁,以及与横梁的表面相接合的减能器。减能器具有如下各部分:顶部水平部分,此部分由上部前壁所连接的顶壁与上部中段壁所限定;底部水平部分,此部分由下部前壁所连接的底壁与下部中段壁所限定;以及中部水平部分,此部分由中部前壁所连接的上部中段壁与下部中段壁所限定。顶部及底部的水平部分包括顶部及底部的前部前端部分(front nose sections),所述前端部分延伸在中部前壁前方,并在中部前壁前方限定着该前端部分之间的水平通道。前部前端部分被构造在初始碰撞冲程期间形成第一级别能量吸收的,所述这一冲程使一个或两个前部前端部分都崩塌,而顶部、中部及底部水平部分则在持续碰撞冲程期间形成较高的第二级别能量吸收,所述这一冲程使对着横梁表面的减能器崩塌。饰带镶条(fascia)覆盖着减能器和横梁。通过此种布置,在初始前部碰撞冲程期间,顶部及底部的前部前端部分就形成较低的能量吸收,以“抓获”被碰撞物体例如人的膝盖,并在接下来的进一步持续碰撞冲程期间,顶部、中部及底部水平部分挤压(crush)而形成增大的能量吸收。
从本发明的另一个方面来看,汽车所用保险杠系统包括适应于连接在车上的横梁,并具有纵向弧度(curvature),当从其安装在汽车上的位置上方看去时,所述弧度的形状被构造成与汽车前部的空气动力学曲线形状匹配的。保险杠系统还包括与横梁的表面相接合的减能器。减能器具有顶部水平部分,此部分由上部前壁所连接的顶壁与上部中段壁所限定;还具有底部水平部分,此部分由下部前壁所连接的底壁与下部中段壁所限定,从而使顶部及底部的水平部分包括向前延伸的顶部及底部的前部前端部分。顶部及底部的每个前端部分都是半刚性的,但都是能以把顶部前壁与底部前壁之一或二者垂直移动的平行四边形运动而崩塌的,从而在发生前部碰撞的初始冲程期间一旦接受水平的前部碰撞时,水平的碰撞力就至少部分地被转换成垂直力。通过这种布置,在第一部分前部碰撞期间,顶部及底部的前部前端部分就形成较低的能量吸收,以“抓获”被碰撞物体例如人的膝盖,并在接下来的进一步持续碰撞冲程期间,顶部、中部及底部的水平部分挤压而形成增大的能量吸收。
从本发明的又一个方面来看,汽车所用保险杠系统包括适应于连接在车上的横梁,并具有从其安装在汽车上的位置上方看去时的弯曲的纵向形状,横梁包括处于横梁末端上的装配件(mounts)。减能器与横梁表面接合。减能器具有与所述横梁表面相接合的中部部分,还具有从所述中部部分朝外延伸并至少局部围绕着横梁相关末端的末端部分。每个所述末端部分均具有扩大的自由端部,以及使自由端部与中部部分的末端相连接的过渡部分。减能器末端部分的每个过渡部分均被构造成在角落碰撞所引起的第一部分保险杠冲程期间形成较低能量吸收的,并被构造成扭转挤压的,从而扩大的自由端部就向后摆动并“抓获”被碰撞物体例如人的膝盖,并在接下来的进一步持续部分保险杠冲程期间,过渡部分形成增大的能量吸收以及反作用力,从而由于减能器中所产生的与碰撞路线(a line of impact)不平行的抵抗力,以及由于被碰撞物体沿着自由端部的斜面滑动的缘故,就使自由端部推开被碰撞物体。
从本发明的又一个方面来看,一种方法包括几个步骤,即构造保险杠系统,该系统包括坚硬横梁以及处于横梁表面上的减能器。减能器具有顶部、中部及底部几个部分,顶部部分及底部部分限定着从中部部分向前延伸的前端部分。在中部部分前方,前端部分限定着其自己之间的空间,顶部及底部的前端部分被构造成一旦发生碰撞时就以平行四边形运动而偏移的,并以平行四边形运动而垂直地移动前端部分中的至少一个部分,以回应水平指向保险杠系统前部的碰撞,从而指向被碰撞的人膝盖上的能量,就被转换成顺着基本上垂直于碰撞线路并背离汽车保险杠系统而指向该人的投掷力。
本发明的目的包括提供一种适应于在碰撞初始阶段期间起初“抓获”某人的保险杠系统,其在初始阶段期间把较小的能量及力传递给该人和/或以较慢的速率传递力,并因此而很可能只造成较小的伤害。本发明的目的还包括使传递给人的碰撞力重新定向,使该力从平行于碰撞方向的线路变为朝上或朝下的方向(在前方碰撞的情况下)或变为横向的(在角落碰撞的情况下)。通过这些行为,被碰撞的人起初被“抓获”,且接着顺着与碰撞线路相背离的方向而被“投掷”,因此就降低伤害,并降低对汽车保险杠系统的损伤。
专业人员只要研读下文的说明、权利要求书及附图,就会理解及重视本发明的这些及其他的方面、目的及性能。
附图说明
图1的侧视正视图,显示实施本发明的汽车上的保险杠系统;
图2的透视图,显示图1所示保险杠系统;
图3至图5的放大视图,显示图1所示保险杠系统,其中,图3显示还未前部碰撞到人的膝盖和腿上时的保险杠系统,图4显示初始部分前部碰撞到膝盖和腿期间的保险杠系统,以及图5显示持续部分前部碰撞期间的保险杠系统;
图6的平面图,显示图1所示保险杠系统,图中所包括的假想线(phantom line)显示减能器前端部分的初始崩塌/偏移,短划线显示减能器的次级挤压,且点划线显示减能器变形而伸直的情况,图6还显示点线,该点线描画出使用本减能器的结果,该减能器带有高度硬化的横梁,该横梁既不会崩塌,基本上也不会变形;
图7的力偏移曲线图(force-deflection curve),显示对图1所示保险杠系统发生碰撞时减能器的情况;
图8至图10的示意平面图,显示角落碰撞的顺序,其中,图8显示角落即将被碰撞之前的保险杠系统的角落,图9显示初始部分角落碰撞期间的角落,且图10显示持续部分角落碰撞期间的角落。
具体实施方式
汽车保险杠系统20(见图1至图2)包括横梁21以及减能器22,该减能器带有顶部及底部的水平部分23、24以及中部水平部分25。顶部及底部的水平部分23、24形成顶部及底部的前端部分26和27,所述前端部分是半刚性的,但能以平行四边形运动而崩塌,所述平行四边形运动在碰撞时把顶部及底部部分26和27垂直地移动上去(或下去)。其结果,在前部碰撞初始冲程(见图4)期间,水平碰撞力30就被部分地转换成垂直力31,起到在碰撞时“抓获”一个人29的膝盖29′(见图4)的作用。在持续碰撞冲程(见图5)期间,顶部及底部水平部分23、24产生“投掷”作用,在图中显示为增大的力31和31′。在持续碰撞冲程期间,水平部分23至25还挤压,并形成增大的能量吸收,如图5所示那样。这些力31和31′结合起来顺着离开保险杠横梁21的方向把被碰撞的人29朝上“投掷”。由于此人的大部分重量都处于该人膝盖以上,大部分力31也就是朝上的。然而,要注意的是,如图5所示,也有朝下的垂直力31′的成分存在。
保险杠系统20的能量吸收冲程(见图6)的长度由于使用横梁21而被延伸,该横梁具有浅的截面,此截面由于深度小的缘故而占据较小空间。具体而言,横梁21具有至少为3∶1的高度比深度的比率,且这一比率最好为4∶1或更大,从而横梁21就比许多现有的保险杠横梁更容易折曲及变形。由于横梁浅,就减少了横梁21在汽车散热器前方所占据的空间量,也减少了减能器22与碰撞时的能量吸收动力学因素(the dynamics)的结合,且挤压使横梁21折曲而以吊床般的作用“抓获”某人,因此就在碰撞时降低了对此人的伤害。另外,由于冲程增大了,能量吸收就不会减少成许多汽车那种令人无法接受的程度。要注意的是,虽然可把横梁21以“吊床般作用”弯曲,但横梁21的强度相当大,从而其仅仅在受到实实在在的碰撞时才会折曲及变形,而且会产生力。另外,由于保险杠系统20设计方面的缘故,这些功能性特征可以有所不同,如下文要讨论的那样。
减能器22也具有在横梁21的末端附近延伸的末端部分34(见图8),此末端部分形成可崩塌的角落,在碰撞期间,其以较低速率起初吸收由碰撞力30所生的能量,从而基本上“抓获”被碰撞那个人。在初始碰撞冲程(见图9)期间,末端部分34由于沿着线路37吸收能量,也就顺着方向36扭转地崩塌,使减能器22的后部部分38滑动地贴合装配件39的侧部。在持续碰撞冲程(见图10)期间,减能器22产生增大的横向力而顺着在持续碰撞冲程期间与汽车侧向背离的方向39′以“抓获”被撞的人。
所示横梁21(见图3)是一条轧制槽材(roll-formed channel),并包括限定着前后蛇形形状的横向截面。其他通道预期也可使用,例如可用模塑槽材,而且还可使用不背离本发明范围的不同的截面形状。此处所述截面包括:与横向凸缘41、42相反对的中央壁40,所述横向凸缘从每个边缘向前延伸并限定着通道43;分别从凸缘41、42朝上与朝下延伸的顶壁与底壁44、45;以及分别从顶壁与底壁44、45向后延伸的顶部与底部的边缘凸缘46、47。横梁21的前部表面限定着一个形状,该形状适应于可匹配地接合减能器22的后表面,使通道43与减能器22上的隆起部(ridge)63相接合,以便形成一个“锚”而防止减能器22在前部碰撞期间在横梁21上往上滑动(或在减能器22下向下滑动)。在顶部与底部的边缘凸缘46、47中形成孔口或锁键48,用以接纳减能器22上的突出挂钩(protruding hook)49,以便在组装时暂时把减能器22支托在横梁21上。在装配时,在把保险杠系统20装配到汽车上之前或此装配期间,就把饰带镶条50定位在保险杠系统20上。
减能器22的顶部水平部分23(见图3)包括由上部前壁54所连接的顶壁52和上部中段壁53。底部水平部分24包括由下部前壁57所连接的底壁55和下部中段壁56。中部水平部分25包括使上部中段壁53与下部中段壁56相连接的中部前壁58。中部前壁58从前壁54及57处向后凹陷约1英寸半或2英寸,从而顶部及底部的前端部分26及27就从中部前壁58处向前突出。另外,最靠近壁58的半个前壁54及57被布置成转动角度而朝内的,以形成通道58′的扩大的“嘴部”或入口,如下文所述那样。另外,中部前壁58中形成了矩形孔口。垂直的/前部的/后部的加强壁59在孔口边缘处横向延伸于壁52、53、55、56之间,并形成盒状部分而让壁52、53、55、56可起到使各个壁彼此相对稳定的作用。壁52至59可以连续而形成坚固的蜂巢形栅格,或可是不连续的,以及/或者包括孔口。通过这些变化,就可用减能器22实现不同的碰撞强度及能量吸收特性。还有,材料成分及壁厚度也可变更,以便形成不同的能量吸收特性。
当减能器22处于安装在汽车上的位置时,壁52、53、55、56基本上是在水平平面上且并行于汽车而延伸。图中所示的壁52、53、55、56顺着在前/在后的方向而延伸,而且是波纹状或起皱纹状的,以适应增大的碰撞强度,但预期其他形状的壁也是可用的。除了其所包括的有角度部分进入通道58′的情况之外,前壁54及57一般是垂直延伸,而且它们是共面及平行的,另外,当从上方看去时它们是弯曲的,此种弯曲与汽车的动力学前部形状相匹配。中部前壁58一般是平行于前壁54及57而延伸,但向后间隔开约1英寸半或2英寸。通过这种布置,它就使顶部前端部分26与底部前端部分27相连接,以稳定前端部分26和27,但从而前端部分26和27就能以平行四边形运动而独立地折曲(比较图3至图5)。图中所示中部前壁58中形成矩形孔口60,该孔口被沿着中部前壁58而间歇地定位。孔口60由其顶部及底部的壁53及55所定界,并由其侧部边缘上的垂直壁59所定界,从而壁53、55及59就在每个孔口60周围形成盒状部分。后壁61沿着减能器22的后部形成。后壁61与壁53、54、55、56的后部半英寸一起形成与横梁22上的通道43可匹配接合的隆起部63。后壁61与每个孔口60对齐,从而无需拉伸(pulls)和凸轮且无需移动用于制出封闭表面的模子部件就能制造用于制作减能器22的压模。
顶部及底部的前部前端部分26及27在中部前壁57前面延伸,并在中部前壁57前方限定着它们自己之间的水平通道58′。前部前端部分26及27被构造成在初始碰撞冲程期间形成第一级别能量吸收的,所述冲程使前部前端部分26与27中的一个或两者以平行四边形般运动而崩塌(比较图3至图4)。显然,由于加强壁59上平行四边形运动的变皱作用(crumpling effect),且还由于壁53、54、56及57所吸收的弯曲力的缘故,平行四边形般运动就形成某种能量吸收。然而,力的集中点(focus)对前端部分26及27的平行四边形作用与壁53、54、56、57的柱状强度(columnar strength)相结合,导致初始碰撞大量百分比的水平力被转换成垂直力31。起初,行人的膝盖29′进入通道58′中,并击打前端部分26及27,使这两个部分垂直地偏移(见图4)。当碰撞冲程继续时(见图5),由于减能器22挤压并对着横梁22的表面而崩塌,顶部、中部及底部的水平部分23至25就形成较高的第二级别能量吸收。
图6至图7显示第二种方式,在该方式中,本保险杠系统行人伤害降低。在本保险杠系统(见图6)中,碰撞产生连续的偏移距离70、71、72及73。一旦碰撞,减能器22的前端部分26及27起初就以平行四边形型运动而弯曲,这就导致保险杠系统的前部表面偏移一段向后距离70。由于碰撞还在继续,减能器22就被对着横梁21的表面而挤压又一段距离71。由于碰撞还在继续,横梁21就被向着被伸直的情形(straightened condition)而在其与汽车装配件39之间变形又一段距离72。最后一段距离73表示当装配件39伸缩地挤压/崩塌时以及当保险杠横梁21及减能器22被向着汽车散热器75驱动时的一段偏移距离。在图7中的曲线图中,距离70至73由线段76至79所表示,能量吸收由线段76至79所形成的曲线下方的面积所表示。要注意的是,可在往往不会弯曲的管状刚性横梁21′上使用减能器22,但在此种情形下,保险杠系统可能会占据空间范围(dimension)74,还可能仅仅崩塌的距离是70、71及73′的合计量(因为横梁21′不会弯曲成伸直的)。
如上所述,减能器22适应于通过与保险杠横梁21末端附近所延伸的末端部分34(见图8)相结合而对付角落碰撞。末端部分34形成可崩塌的角落,在碰撞期间,该角落起初以较低速率吸收由角落碰撞的力35所产生的能量,从而它基本上“抓获”被碰撞那人的膝盖。在初始碰撞冲程(见图9)期间,末端部分34在沿着线路37吸收能量时,也顺着方向36扭转地崩塌,使减能器22的后部部分38滑动地与装配件39的侧部接合。在持续碰撞冲程(见图10)期间,减能器22顺着在持续碰撞冲程期间把人侧向“投掷”而离开汽车的方向39′产生增大的横向力。
更具体地说,减能器22的末端部分34包括扩大的自由端部75和过渡部分76,此过渡部分使自由端部75与减能器22的中部部分即中央部分77相连接。过渡部分76包括梯形形状向后延伸部分78,此向后延伸部分向后延伸到毗连装配件39外侧的位置上。蜂巢形盒状部分79被定位于梯形形状部分78之外,并包括与梯形形状部分78相连接的第一侧边,以及与自由端部75相连接的第二侧边。
在碰撞的初始阶段,来自碰撞体80的碰撞力沿着一条力线(a lineof force)例如力线35而被引导,进入末端部分34中。力被通过蜂巢形盒状部分79而沿着线路37及82传递,并在梯形形状部分78中沿着线路83而传递。梯形形状部分78与装配件39的侧部接合,并在挤压进展中顺着方向83而沿着装配件39向后滑动。在又一部分的初始阶段碰撞(见图8)期间,梯形形状部分78和蜂巢形盒状部分79就以一种方式加压,此种方式使自由端部75沿着线路36向后转动。由于发生此种情况,蜂巢形盒状部分79就顺着方向82加压。还有,当末端部分34抵抗角落碰撞时,与碰撞体80相关的力就开始顺着碰撞方向(见短箭头35′)变小,且力被沿着线路39′而重新引导。当碰撞继续(见图10)时,自由端部75就顺着方向36而进一步弯曲。然而,蜂巢形盒状部分79顺着方向39′回弹,增加改向力(redirected force)39”并进一步减少针对末端部分34的碰撞体80的力35”。其结果是,碰撞体80被增大的改向力39’及39”所“投掷”而离开汽车。
概括地说,每个过渡部分76起初都形成较低能量吸收,并进一步被扭转地受挤压,从而扩大的自由端部75就向后摆动并“抓获”被碰撞物体例如人。接着,过渡部分76在保险杠冲程的进一步持续部分期间发生反作用,从而过渡部分76就形成增大了的能量吸收并产生反作用力,于是,由于减能器所产生的非平行于碰撞路线的横向抵抗力的缘故,以及由于被碰撞物体沿着自由端部的斜面滑动的缘故,就使得自由端部把被碰撞物体推开。
要明白的是,只要不背离本发明的设想,就可对上述结构做变动和修改,还要明白的是,此种设想均由随附的权利要求书所涵盖,如果这些权利要求所用语言另有表达则除外。
Claims (1)
1.一种降低行人伤害的方法,包括下列步骤:
构造保险杠系统,该系统包括坚硬横梁以及处于横梁表面上的减能器,减能器具有顶部、中部及底部部分,顶部及底部部分限定着从中部部分向前延伸的前端部分,在中部部分前方,前端部分限定着它们之间的空间,顶部及底部的前端部分被构造成在发生碰撞时以平行四边形运动而偏移;以及
以平行四边形运动而垂直地移动至少一个前端部分,以回应水平指向保险杠系统前部的碰撞,从而指向被碰撞的人膝盖上的能量就被转换成顺着基本上垂直于碰撞线路并背离汽车保险杠系统而指向该人的投掷力。
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- 2003-04-23 CN CNA2006101518969A patent/CN1978249A/zh active Pending
- 2003-04-23 MX MXPA05000389A patent/MXPA05000389A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-04-23 AT AT09010371T patent/ATE523385T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-23 EP EP09010371A patent/EP2159111B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-23 CN CNB200610151894XA patent/CN100450828C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-23 DE DE60331086T patent/DE60331086D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-23 EP EP03736473A patent/EP1545937B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-23 WO PCT/US2003/012190 patent/WO2004011306A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-23 AU AU2003237087A patent/AU2003237087B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-23 EP EP10012116A patent/EP2284046B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-23 AT AT03736473T patent/ATE455679T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-23 CA CA002493126A patent/CA2493126A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-23 CN CN2006101518988A patent/CN1978251B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-23 CN CNB038176203A patent/CN1325302C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-23 CN CNB2006101518954A patent/CN100450829C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-23 JP JP2004524478A patent/JP4488353B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-17 US US10/715,002 patent/US7134700B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2006
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