CN201520954U - Caisson platform for pier construction - Google Patents

Abstract

A caisson platform used for building a wharf is a rectangular reinforced concrete box with a plurality of ribs in the vertical direction to increase the strength; the ribs divide the caisson platform into a plurality of rectangular or square vertical spaces; the side of the caisson platform facing the sea and On the inner side of the side facing the land, there are a plurality of vertical pile holes for placing hollow thin-walled piles with super large cross-section; the hollow thin-walled piles are inserted into the seabed through the pile holes of the caisson platform, and the vertical wall The gap between them is filled with concrete, so that the hollow thin-walled piles form a whole with the caisson platform, and the hollow thin-walled piles support the caisson platform. The caisson platform is suitable for the construction of seaport wharfs on soft soil foundations, with small investment, low cost, good economic benefits, high construction safety and efficiency, and short construction period. It is also suitable for the construction of sea reclamation dams and breakwaters.

Description

Caisson platform for pier construction

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of hydraulic structures for constructing harbor wharves.

Background technique

The seaport is the sea gateway of the country and the center of shipping and trade. The construction of the seaport has great significance and economic benefits.

The seaport wharf is the most important hydraulic structure for seaport construction. The seaport wharf is built on the soft soil foundation. Due to the high water content of the soft soil foundation, a very thick silt layer is formed. The bearing capacity of the silt layer is very low. Generally, high piles are used. Beam-slab structure type, the wharf pile platform is supported by large-diameter steel pipe piles or prestressed concrete hollow piles, the depth of the pipe piles exceeds the soft soil layer, reaching the soil layer with high bearing capacity, and the weight of the seaport wharf is supported on the pipe piles. The upper parts of the pipe piles are prefabricated prestressed beams, connecting beams, panels and concrete berthing components, etc. After the components are installed, they are connected into a whole with cast-in-place reinforced concrete joints. The construction is mainly carried out at sea, which is very difficult due to the influence of wind and waves. Due to the extremely low bearing capacity of the soft soil foundation, it is very difficult to build a seaport wharf on the soft soil foundation, with high cost, large investment and long construction period.

Seaport wharves are built on some sandy soil foundations. Because the bearing capacity of sandy soil foundations is higher than that of soft soil foundations, caisson structures can be used to build seaport wharfs. It first excavates the harbor basin to the design depth on the sand foundation, and carries out reinforcement treatment of the foundation such as riprap. The caisson is a box of reinforced concrete structure. The caisson is placed on the foundation of the harbor wharf and connected to form the harbor wharf. The design depth of the harbor basin is designed according to the ships docked at the wharf. For example, the design water depth of a wharf with a displacement of 200,000 tons should not be less than -18 meters, the elevation of the wharf is +6 meters, the height of the caisson is greater than 24 meters, and its length and width are also large, so the volume and weight are large, which is difficult for processing , transportation, positioning and installation all cause great difficulties, and the cost of building a seaport wharf with a caisson structure is high, the investment is large, and the construction period is long.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a caisson platform for building a wharf. The caisson platform is suitable for building a seaport wharf on a soft soil foundation, so that the construction efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the economic benefit is good.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: the caisson platform is a rectangular reinforced concrete box surrounded by four vertical sides and a horizontal bottom surface, and the two sides of the caisson platform in the length direction are the sides of the caisson platform. Connecting end faces, two sides in the width direction of the caisson platform, one is the side facing the sea and the other is the side facing the land; there are multiple ribs in the vertical direction to increase the strength of the caisson platform in the caisson platform; the ribs separate the caisson platform into a plurality of rectangles or Square vertical space; the vertical space is filled with sand and stones or support reinforcement blocks, and the weight of the sand and stone blocks or support reinforcement blocks makes the caisson platform sink to the seabed and connects to the seaside pile platform of the harbor wharf; the seaside side of the caisson platform and On the inner side of the side facing the land, there are a plurality of vertical pile holes for placing hollow thin-walled piles with super-large cross-section; hollow thin-walled piles with super-large cross-section are inserted into the pile holes, and the hollow thin-walled piles with super-large cross-section are thin-walled piles. Hollow long column, the hollow thin-walled pile has a vertical reinforcement plate, the shape of the hollow thin-walled pile is consistent with the shape of the pile hole of the caisson platform, and the hollow thin-walled pile is inserted into the seabed through the pile hole of the caisson platform, so that the hollow thin-walled pile The wall pile reaches the design depth, and the gap between the hollow thin-walled pile and the vertical wall of the column pile hole of the caisson platform is filled with concrete, so that the hollow thin-walled pile and the caisson platform form an integral body; the concrete platform of the harbor wharf is built on the top of the caisson platform, and the concrete platform of the harbor wharf The hollow thin-walled piles are closed at the top to make the harbor wharf level, and the land is blown and filled in the land-facing side of the harbor wharf to form the land hinterland of the harbor wharf; the harbor basin is dug deep outside the sea-facing side of the harbor wharf to achieve the design of the harbor basin Depth, completed port building.

A plurality of annular grooves are made on the outer side of the upper part of the hollow thin-walled pile and the inner side of the pile hole of the caisson platform, and when the gap between the outer side of the hollow thin-walled pile and the inner side of the pile hole of the caisson platform is filled with concrete, there The concrete in the grooves makes the hollow thin-walled piles and caissons a stronger whole.

The supporting reinforcement block is a thin-walled hollow short cylinder, which is placed in a plurality of rectangular or square vertical spaces separated by the caisson platform. Or the shape of the square space is consistent; the gap between the support reinforcement block and the vertical wall of the caisson platform is filled with concrete, so that the support reinforcement block and the caisson platform form a whole, and the wall thickness of the support reinforcement block and the caisson platform is added to increase the overall caisson platform Strength: The support reinforcement block is formed by superimposing multiple blocks, and there are vertical ribs in the support reinforcement block.

The two side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the caisson platform are the connection end surfaces of the caisson platform, one end of the connection end surface is a protruding connection part that protrudes outward, and the other end is a concave connection part that is concave inward. When the caisson platform is connected, it is convex. The outgoing connection part is inserted into the concave connection part, and the mutual insertion connection makes the caisson platform tightly connected, which can better resist the impact of waves.

There are drag rings for dragging the caisson on both sides in the width direction of the caisson.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the caisson platform is suitable for constructing seaport wharfs on soft soil foundations, with small investment, low cost, good economic benefits, high construction safety and efficiency, and short construction period, and is also suitable for enclosing sea dikes and breakwaters. building.

Description of drawings

1. Fig. 1 is the front view of the caisson platform that builds wharf usefulness.

2. Fig. 2 is the plan view of the caisson platform that builds wharf usefulness.

3. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Figure 1 .

4. Fig. 4 shows the side sectional view of the caisson platform of building the sea reclamation dam on the soft soil foundation.

In the picture:

1. Caisson platform 2. Ribs

3. Hollow thin-walled pile 4. Support reinforcement block

5. Wharf concrete platform 6. Land reclamation

7. The bottom of the harbor basin 8. Sea level

9. Protruding connection part 10. Recessed connection part

11. Partitions 12. Filling with stones and sand

13. Air vent 14. Moisture barrier

15. Sea-friendly platform 16. Railing

17. Drag ring

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is described in further detail: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are the first kind of embodiment of the present invention, and the first kind of embodiment is used for building harbor wharf.

Fig. 1 is the front view of constructing the caisson platform of the harbor wharf on the soft soil foundation. Fig. 2 is the top view of building the caisson platform of the harbor wharf on the soft soil foundation. Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 1 .

As can be seen from Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the caisson platform 1 is a rectangular reinforced concrete box surrounded by four vertical sides and a horizontal bottom, and the two sides of the caisson platform in the length direction are the sides of the caisson platform. Connecting the end face, the two sides in the width direction of the caisson platform, one is the side facing the sea and the other is the side facing the land; inside the caisson platform, there are multiple ribs 2 in the vertical direction to increase the strength of the caisson platform; the ribs separate the caisson platform into a plurality of rectangles or square vertical space. The seaside side and the inner side of the landside side of the caisson platform have a plurality of vertical column pile holes for placing hollow thin-walled piles with a columnar super large section.

The caisson platform is produced on land or on the floating dock box by mass flow production. The manufacturing process is carried out on land as much as possible, and the offshore construction is minimized, which can improve production efficiency, reduce costs, and make production safer.

The modern shipbuilding technology is applied to the caisson platform similar to the ship, and the caisson platform is designed and manufactured as large and heavy as possible. The larger and heavier the caisson platform, the more stable it is fixed at sea, and the production efficiency of the caisson platform is high.

The caisson platform can be launched into the water and floated to a predetermined position on the sea. There are drag rings 17 for hauling the caisson on both sides in the width direction of the caisson. The weight of the sand or support stiffeners sinks the caisson platforms to the sea floor and connects them into harbor pilings.

The original seabed is not treated before the caisson platform sinks, and basic treatment work such as riprap and sand filling is eliminated, saving time, money and effort.

The caisson platform supported by the seabed can be used as a construction platform, and the construction machinery is placed and constructed according to the land construction method, so as to minimize the offshore construction of ships and reduce the construction cost.

In order to support the caisson platform, a super-large-section hollow thin-walled pile 3 is inserted into the column pile hole of the caisson platform. The super-large-section hollow thin-walled pile is a thin-walled hollow long column, and there are vertical reinforcing ribs inside the hollow thin-walled pile , the shape of the hollow thin-walled pile is consistent with the shape of the pile hole of the caisson platform, and the hollow thin-walled pile is inserted into the seabed by the pile hole of the caisson platform to reach the design depth.

The gap between the hollow thin-walled pile and the vertical wall of the pile hole of the caisson platform is filled with cast-in-place concrete, so that the hollow thin-walled pile and the caisson platform form a whole, and the hollow thin-walled pile bears the weight of the caisson platform.

A plurality of annular grooves are made on the outer side of the upper part of the hollow thin-walled pile and the inner side of the pile hole of the caisson platform. The caisson forms a stronger whole.

The hollow thin-walled pile with super large section is inserted deep into the seabed and has a large cross-section, and has a large contact area with the surrounding foundation soil. The carrying capacity and stability of the port also improves the carrying capacity and stability of the harbor terminal.

The methods of inserting super-large-section hollow thin-walled piles into the seabed in the pile holes of the caisson platform include:

(1). The upper part of the hollow thin-walled pile is filled with sand and stones or loaded with heavy objects. The weight of the sand and stones loaded with heavy objects and the hollow thin-walled pile makes the hollow thin-walled pile sink to the shallow layer of the soft soil foundation on the seabed ; This method is applicable to wharves with shallow water depth.

(2). Insert the hollow thin-walled pile into the seabed with a pile driver.

Use a pile driver to apply load to the hollow thin-walled pile, and press the hollow thin-walled pile into the seabed to make the hollow thin-walled pile reach the design depth; the pile driver can be placed on the caisson platform or on the ship.

(3). Dig out the sediment in the hollow thin-walled pile to sink the pile.

The seabed sediment in the hollow thin-walled pile is dug out, and the hollow thin-walled pile is settled downward, so that the hollow thin-walled pile reaches the design depth.

(4). Vacuum the upper part of the hollow thin-walled pile and sink to the design depth.

Vacuum is drawn on the upper part of the hollow thin-walled pile to form a negative pressure and sink to the design depth. The above can choose different methods according to needs.

(5). Drive the hollow thin-walled pile into the seabed with a general-purpose pile driver, so that the hollow thin-walled pile reaches the design depth, and is used for hollow thin-walled piles with small cross-sections.

The pile holes of the caisson platform are located on the seaside and landside sides of the caisson platform. After the hollow thin-walled piles with super large cross-section are inserted into the pile holes of the caisson platform, the thickness of the reinforced concrete on the seaside and landside sides is the wall of the pile hole, the hollow The sum of the thin-walled pile walls, the strength is multiplied, enough to withstand the impact of the largest storm surge. In this way, the thickness and weight of the caisson platform wall can be reduced when designing and manufacturing the caisson platform, and the volume of the caisson platform can be increased as far as possible without increasing the total weight of the caisson platform, and the strength requirement of the caisson platform can also be maintained.

Build the wharf concrete platform 5 on the top of the caisson platform to make it a flat harbor wharf. The concrete platform of the wharf closes the hollow thin-walled piles at the top, and the sediment and the weight of the concrete platform of the harbor wharf further sink the caisson platform and the hollow thin-walled piles.

Loading heavy objects on the concrete platform of the harbor wharf is to preload the caisson platform. The weight of the loaded heavy objects should exceed the maximum load capacity of the harbor wharf and have double the insurance amount. Hollow thin-walled piles are also When the maximum load is reached, the caisson platform is further lowered to the design height, and the load is removed after the load is added.

Land is blown and filled in the land-facing side of the harbor terminal to form the land hinterland of the harbor terminal. The foundation of the seaport should be treated with soft foundation reinforcement, and plastic drainage boards should be installed. The harbor basin is dug deep outside the seaside side of the harbor wharf to reach the designed depth of the harbor basin and complete the construction of the port.

The characteristics of this caisson platform are:

1. The seaport wharf is not supported on the seabed surface, but on hollow thin-walled piles, so there is no need to carry out a large amount of basic treatment such as riprap and sand filling on the seabed surface, saving time, materials, and labor.

2. The caisson platform inserts hollow thin-walled piles with super large cross-sections in the pile holes on it, and connects the hollow thin-walled piles and the caisson platform with convenient casting concrete to form a whole. The stability is good. Different from the general caisson wharf structure, the caisson platform is not used for support, and it is also different from the construction method of the seaport wharf with high-piled beam-slab structure.

3. The caisson platform can be used as a construction platform, which can arrange construction operations and minimize offshore operations, which is safe and low in cost.

4. The caisson platform is an ultra-large, super-heavy, light and thin shell member of reinforced concrete. It can be manufactured, launched, and towed by using similar shipbuilding technology, and it is produced in a factory-like flow production method.

5. After the caisson platform sinks to the bottom of the sea, internal supports such as support reinforcement blocks and hollow thin-walled piles are installed in the light and thin shell of the caisson platform, and the gaps are poured with concrete to make it a whole, and the wall thickness and strength of the caisson platform are also integrated. multiplied.

6. It is not necessary to build the enclosure first to construct the seaport wharf directly in the shallow sea, which saves the cost of constructing the enclosure.

Inserting super-large-section hollow thin-walled piles into the seabed in the pile holes of the caisson platform is a key step to fix the caisson platform at sea. It is necessary to complete the insertion of super-large-section hollow thin-walled piles as soon as possible under good sea conditions.

As can be seen from the embodiments of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, there is a dividing plate 11 in the middle part of the hollow thin-walled pile, and the upper part of the dividing plate is filled with silt and stones 12 or loaded with heavy objects, silt and stones, The weight of the load and the hollow thin-walled pile makes the hollow thin-walled pile sink to the shallow layer of the soft soil foundation on the seabed; when the hollow thin-walled pile sinks, the seabed sediment enters the hollow part of the hollow thin-walled pile, and the air in the hollow part , water, and mud are discharged from the ventilation hole 13 at the hollow thin-walled pile partition. The sinking of hollow thin-walled piles in this method is relatively shallow, and it is suitable for wharfs with shallow water depths in ports.

When adopting other methods of inserting the hollow thin-walled pile of super large section to the seabed, there is no dividing plate 11 in the hollow thin-walled pile, and the hollow hole of the hollow thin-walled pile is straight up and down.

The support reinforcement block 4 is a thin-walled hollow short cylinder, which is placed in a plurality of rectangular or square vertical spaces separated by the caisson platform. The shape of the space is consistent; the gap between the support reinforcement block and the vertical wall of the caisson platform is filled with concrete, so that the support reinforcement block and the caisson platform form a whole, and the wall thickness of the support reinforcement block and the caisson platform is added to increase the overall strength of the caisson platform; The support reinforcement block is formed by stacking multiple blocks, and there are vertical ribs in the support reinforcement block.

The two sides in the length direction of the caisson platform are the connection end surfaces of the caisson platform, one end of the connection end surface is a protruding connection part 9 protruding outward, and the other end is a concave connection part 10 concave inward, which protrudes when the caisson platform is connected. The connecting part is inserted into the concave connecting part, and the connection method of inserting each other makes the caisson platform tightly connected, which can better resist the impact of waves.

Fig. 4 is the second type of embodiment of the utility model, and the second type of embodiment is used for constructing the dike and dam for enclosing the sea. Fig. 4 shows the side sectional view of the caisson platform for constructing the sea enclosing dam on the soft soil foundation.

When constructing sea-enclosing dams, caisson platforms and hollow thin-walled piles of the same structure are also used, because the sea-enclosing dams are only used to block sea water, and no harbor basins are excavated outside the sea-facing caisson platform, so the stability of the caisson platform is better . For stopping the impact of storm surge, the upper part of the caisson platform sets up a higher tide-retaining wall 14, and the height of the tide-retaining wall 14 should exceed the storm surge once in a hundred years. There is a pro-sea platform 15 with a lower height near the sea on the upper part of the caisson platform. The pro-sea platform 15 is convenient for tourists to visit. The pro-sea platform 15 has railings 16 to protect the safety of tourists. The height of the pro-sea platform is higher than the annual average high tide level. For example, the annual average high tide level of the Bohai Sea is +3.74 meters, and the height of the pro-sea platform can be set to +4 meters.

A third type of embodiment of the invention is used for building breakwaters. The structure for constructing the seaport wharf of the present invention can be directly used to construct the breakwater, without excavating the harbor basin, and without filling the sea on the other side to make land, and separating the two sides of the seawater with the caisson platform, which is the breakwater.

Item number 8 in the figure represents sea level.

The utility model has the advantages that: the caisson platform is supported by hollow thin-walled piles with a super large section, the hollow thin-walled piles are inserted deep into the seabed and have a large section, the contact area with the surrounding foundation soil is large, the wall of the hollow thin-walled piles and the soil body The side frictional resistance and the large cross-sectional area moment improve the bearing capacity and stability, and can support the caisson platform very well. The caisson platform has good stability and is suitable for the construction of harbor wharfs, sea reclamation dams and breakwaters on soft soil foundations. Small investment, low cost, good economic benefits, high construction safety and efficiency, and short construction period.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of caisson platform that builds wharf usefulness is characterized in that: caisson platform is the rectangular reinforced concrete casing that is surrounded by the side of four vertical directions and the bottom surface of horizontal direction, and the both sides of caisson platform length direction are the sides of caisson platform Connecting end faces, two sides in the width direction of the caisson platform, one is the side facing the sea and the other is the side facing the land; there are multiple ribs in the vertical direction to increase the strength of the caisson platform in the caisson platform; the ribs separate the caisson platform into a plurality of rectangles or Square vertical space; the vertical space is filled with sand and stones or support reinforcement blocks, and the weight of the sand and stone blocks or support reinforcement blocks makes the caisson platform sink to the seabed and connects to the seaside pile platform of the harbor wharf; the seaside side of the caisson platform and On the inner side of the side facing the land, there are a plurality of vertical pile holes for placing hollow thin-walled piles with super-large cross-section; hollow thin-walled piles with super-large cross-section are inserted into the pile holes, and the hollow thin-walled piles with super-large cross-section are thin-walled piles. Hollow long column, the hollow thin-walled pile has a vertical reinforcement plate, the shape of the hollow thin-walled pile is consistent with the shape of the pile hole of the caisson platform, the hollow thin-walled pile is inserted into the seabed by the pile hole of the caisson platform, the hollow thin-walled pile In the gap between the pile and the vertical wall of the caisson platform column pile hole, there is filled concrete that makes the hollow thin-walled pile and the caisson platform form an integral body; The interior of the landside side is filled with land to form the land hinterland of the harbor wharf; the harbor basin is dug deep outside the seaside side of the caisson platform to complete the construction of the port. 2. The caisson platform for building a wharf according to claim 1, characterized in that: there is a hollow thin-walled pile and the caisson to form a more solid whole on the outside of the hollow thin-walled pile top and the inboard of the caisson platform pile hole. A plurality of annular grooves. 3. The caisson platform for building wharves according to claim 1, characterized in that: the support reinforcement block is a thin-walled hollow short cylinder, placed in a plurality of rectangular or square vertical spaces separated by the caisson platform, and the support reinforcement The shape of the block is consistent with the shape of the plurality of rectangular or square spaces divided into the caisson platform; the gap between the support reinforcement block and the vertical wall of the caisson platform is filled with concrete, so that the support reinforcement block and the caisson platform form a whole. The wall thickness of the support reinforcement block and the caisson platform is added to increase the overall strength of the caisson platform; the support reinforcement block is formed by stacking multiple blocks, and there are vertical ribs in the support reinforcement block. 4. The caisson platform for building a wharf according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two sides in the longitudinal direction of the caisson platform are the connecting end faces of the caisson platform, and one end of the connecting end face is a protruding connecting portion protruding outwards, and the other One end is a concave connecting part that is concave inward. When the caisson platform is connected, the protruding connecting part is inserted into the concave connecting part. The mutual insertion connection makes the caisson platform tightly connected and can better resist the impact of waves. 5. The caisson platform for building a wharf according to claim 1, characterized in that: there are drag rings for dragging the caisson on both sides in the width direction of the caisson.

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