CN218090713U - A scour-resistant ecological dike structure for extreme conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological dams, in particular to an anti-scouring ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions, comprising several concrete structural units, the top surface of the concrete structural units is provided with a plant growth structure, and plants are planted in the plant growth structure. The wave-absorbing surface of the concrete structural unit is provided with a wave-dissipating structure, and the wave-dissipating structure is connected with the plant growth structure. There are several horizontally arranged secondary fishways on the side wall of the concrete structural unit, and the secondary fishways are along the length direction of the concrete structural unit. The concrete structural units are arranged and run through, and the second-level fishways on two adjacent concrete structural units are connected, and the second-level fishways are connected with the wave dissipation structure and the plant growth structure. The utility model can achieve the purpose of coping with extreme marine disaster weather, filtering pollutants in water to improve water quality, providing habitats for wild animals and plants, increasing the number and types of fish and wild animals, and improving coastal ecological functions.

Description

A scour-resistant ecological dike structure for extreme conditions

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological dams, in particular to an anti-scouring ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions.

Background technique

Near shorelines, hard structures are often used to absorb and dampen wave energy. As the main structural form, breakwaters are used for protection along coastlines and areas, such as slope embankments, floating embankments, etc., which effectively reduce coastline erosion, but most of them are very expensive, and are not suitable for extreme wave conditions (such as tsunamis, storms, etc.) tidal) coastal protection is insufficient. In recent decades, many researchers have studied different types of new shoreline protection devices. These devices include suspended pipe breakwaters, jagged seawalls, underwater inclined pipe breakwaters, etc. installed on the frame. These breakwaters achieve wave reduction and energy dissipation through diffraction. May experience greater wave heights than before, impacting not only the shoreline but native ecosystems as well.

For these reasons, breakwaters should be designed to maximize attenuated wave energy (as opposed to diffraction) while minimizing environmental and economic costs. Although some designs allow waves to partially dissipate through these permeable structures, such as perforated breakwaters, through breakup on rough slopes and/or turbulent losses within these structures, there is still no way to eliminate scour at the toe of the embankment on the wave-facing side, And the ability to deal with extreme marine disaster weather is weak.

Coastal plants absorb wave energy and reduce flooding during hurricanes and storms, reducing the likelihood of shoreline erosion problems. At the same time, coastal plants improve water quality by filtering pollutants in water, provide habitats for wild animals and plants, increase the number and types of fish and wild animals, and improve coastal ecological functions. However, compared with the rigid wave-dissipating structure, plant cultivation is difficult, the growth cycle is long, and the anti-scouring ability is limited. Therefore, an anti-scouring ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions is urgently needed to solve the problem.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide an anti-scouring ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions, to solve the above-mentioned problems of wave dissipation and energy reduction, reduce scour at the foot of the embankment, and improve the coastal ecological environment, so as to deal with extreme marine disaster weather and filter water. Pollutants to improve water quality, provide habitat for wildlife, increase the number and variety of fish and wildlife, and enhance coastal ecological function purposes.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following scheme:

An anti-scouring ecological dike structure suitable for extreme conditions, including several concrete structural units, the top surface of the concrete structural unit is provided with a plant growth structure, and plants are planted in the plant growth structure, and the head-on wave of the concrete structural unit A wave-dissipating structure is arranged on the surface, and the wave-dissipating structure is connected with the plant growth structure. There are several horizontally arranged secondary fishways on the side wall of the concrete structure unit, and the secondary fishways are parallel to the concrete structure. The top surface and the wave facing surface of the structural unit run through the concrete structural unit, and the secondary fishways on two adjacent concrete structural units are connected, and the secondary fishway is connected to the wave-dissipating structure and the The plant growth structures are connected.

Preferably, the wave-dissipating structure includes several side U-shaped wave-dissipating channels opened on the wave-facing surface of the concrete structure unit, and several of the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channels are arranged in sequence at intervals, and two adjacent side U-shaped wave-dissipating channels A linear wave-dissipating channel is provided between the wave-dissipating channels, and the linear wave-dissipating channel is opened on the concrete structural unit, and the linear wave-dissipating channel communicates with the secondary fishway, and the side U-shaped The wave-dissipating channel is connected with an energy-dissipating hole, and the energy-dissipating hole is set on the top surface of the concrete structural unit, and the energy-dissipating hole is vertically arranged and passes through the top surface of the concrete structural unit, and the side U The wave-dissipating channel and the linear wave-dissipating channel communicate with the plant growth structure respectively.

Preferably, the plant growth structure includes several plant growth holes, the bottom of the plant growth holes is connected with a water vapor channel, and the front parts of the two water vapor channels adjacent to the left and right are connected with the side U-shaped wave dissipation channel and the water vapor channel respectively. The linear wave-dissipating channel is connected, and the rear parts of the two water vapor channels adjacent to the left and right are connected with the secondary fishway. A plant seedling cultivator is arranged in the plant growth hole, and a plant seedling cultivator is planted in the plant seedling cultivator. There are said plants.

Preferably, the water vapor channel includes several first water vapor channels and several second water vapor channels arranged vertically, the first water vapor channel is close to the wave surface of the concrete structural unit, and two adjacent first water vapor channels communicate with the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel and the linear wave-dissipating channel respectively, the length of the first water vapor channel is smaller than the second water vapor channel, and the second water vapor channel communicates with the secondary fishway .

Preferably, the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel is connected with a first-level fishway arranged horizontally, the first-level fishway is opened in the concrete structural unit, and the first-level fishway is perpendicular to the second-level fishway , the first-level fishway communicates with the second-level fishway, and the first-level fishway communicates with the second water vapor channel.

Preferably, the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel includes two wave-dissipating holes arranged up and down opposite to each other. The two wave-dissipating holes are connected through a U-shaped wave-dissipating channel, and the U-shaped wave-dissipating channel is opened in the concrete structural unit.

The utility model has the following technical effects:

The utility model adopts an anti-scouring ecological dike structure suitable for extreme conditions, which can effectively use the wave-dissipating structure on the front wave surface to reduce wave energy and reduce the erosion of eddy currents on the foot of the embankment;

The plant growth structure above the concrete structural unit can make the waves above the dam flow into the structure along the channel, and finally flow into the ocean, reducing the amount of waves behind the embankment;

The plants above the concrete structural unit can effectively attenuate the energy of extreme waves, greatly reducing the damage to the coast behind the embankment and the safety and property of residents;

Concrete structural unit plants can effectively improve the ecological function of the coastal zone, and at the same time achieve the function of sequestering carbon and increasing sinks, and enhance the carbon neutrality of my country's coastal zone;

The structure utilizes prefabricated, self-contained modular structural units for easy transport and installation, and can be disassembled and reused to reduce or eliminate the need for heavy equipment, even in remote shallow water environments. The application of the structure of the utility model will effectively improve the coastal protection capability and ecological function, and provide scientific basis for coastal disaster prevention and mitigation and coastal construction.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only the present invention. For some embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without paying creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is the utility model structural unit schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the utility model A-A sectional schematic diagram;

Fig. 3 is the utility model B-B sectional schematic diagram;

Fig. 4 is the utility model C-C sectional schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model under the action of conventional waves;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model under the action of extreme waves;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of multiple structural units of the present invention under the action of conventional waves.

Among them, 1. Plant growth hole; 2. Energy dissipation hole; 3. Side U-shaped wave dissipation channel; 4. Straight line wave dissipation channel; 5. Second-level fishway; 6. Water vapor channel; 7. First-level fishway; 8. Plant; 9. Plant seedling cultivator; 10. Concrete structure unit; 301. Wave-dissipating hole; 302. U-shaped wave-dissipating channel; 601. First water vapor channel; 602. Second water vapor channel.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. example. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present utility model.

In order to make the above purpose, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to Figures 1-7, the utility model provides an anti-scouring ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions, including several concrete structural units 10, the top surface of the concrete structural units 10 is provided with a plant growth structure, and plants 8 are planted in the plant growth structure , the wave-absorbing surface of the concrete structural unit 10 is provided with a wave-dissipating structure, and the wave-dissipating structure is connected with the plant growth structure. On the side wall of the concrete structural unit 10, there are several secondary fishways 5 arranged horizontally, and the secondary fishways 5 are parallel to The top surface and the frontal surface of the concrete structural unit 10 run through the concrete structural unit 10, and the second-level fishways 5 on two adjacent concrete structural units 10 are connected, and the second-level fishway 5 is connected with the wave-dissipating structure and the plant growth structure .

The utility model adopts an anti-scouring ecological dyke structure suitable for extreme conditions, which can effectively use the wave dissipation structure on the front wave surface to reduce wave energy and reduce the erosion of eddy currents on the foot of the embankment; The structure can make the waves above the embankment flow into the structure along the channel, and finally flow into the ocean, reducing the amount of waves behind the embankment. The secondary fishway 5 runs through the entire structural unit, ensuring the vitality of the water body in the structural unit.

To further optimize the plan, the wave-dissipating structure includes several side U-shaped wave-dissipating channels 3 set on the wave-facing surface of the concrete structural unit 10, and several side U-shaped wave-dissipating channels 3 are arranged in sequence at intervals, and the U-shaped wave-dissipating channels 3 on adjacent sides There is a linear wave-dissipating channel 4 between them. The linear wave-dissipating channel 4 is opened on the concrete structural unit 10. The linear wave-dissipating channel 4 communicates with the secondary fishway 5. The side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 communicates with energy dissipation. Hole 2, the energy dissipation hole 2 is opened on the top surface of the concrete structural unit 10, the energy dissipation hole 2 is vertically arranged and passes through the top surface of the concrete structural unit 10, the side U-shaped wave dissipation channel 3 and the linear wave dissipation channel 4 respectively connected with the plant growth structure.

The wave propagates toward the shore, and after reaching the wave-facing surface of the embankment, it enters the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 and moves upward along the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3. Continue to propagate upwards, spray out the top of the embankment, form a landscape fountain, and supply water to the plant 8; another part of the wave continues to propagate forward, and at this time the kinetic energy of the wave is converted into potential energy. With the decrease of kinetic energy and the increase of potential energy, The waves are broken above the pipeline, and then flow out from the other end outlet of the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 and enter the ocean. The existence of the energy dissipation hole 2 causes the turbulent dissipation of the wave, reduces the wave energy, and finally reduces the wave energy rushing out from the side U-shaped channel, reducing the possibility of scour in front of the embankment;

After the waves propagate to the linear wave-dissipating channel 4, part of the waves enter the linear wave-dissipating channel 4, resulting in turbulent flow dissipation, which reduces the wave energy, reduces the impact of waves on the wave-facing surface of the embankment, and increases the water flow in the structure The exchange improves the water body activity and provides a healthy habitat for coastal organisms.

To further optimize the scheme, the plant growth structure includes several plant growth holes 1, the bottom of the plant growth holes 1 is connected with a water vapor channel 6, and the front parts of the two water vapor channels 6 adjacent to the left and right are respectively connected with the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 and the linear wave-dissipating channel 3. The wave channel 4 is connected, and the left and right adjacent two water vapor channels 6 rear parts are connected with the secondary fishway 5, and the plant growth hole 1 is provided with a plant seedling cultivator 9, and a plant 8 is planted in the plant seedling cultivator 9.

The plant seedling cultivator 9 is made of degradable plant fibers. The plant 8 can adapt to the salinity of the high water mark and coastal water quality, and can grow in poor nutrition and harsh water deposition conditions. The seedlings of the plant 8 are cultivated by absorbing the plant seedlings. The organic matter in the device 9 grows, and the material in the plant seedling cultivation device 9 begins to degrade along with the passage of time of use. The plants 8 absorb water vapor through the water vapor channel 6 below, and grow from the inside to the outside. The roots will extend outward along the channel, and eventually intertwine with each other, go deep into the seabed, and gradually become part of the seawall, playing the role of stabilizing the dam.

In a further optimization scheme, the water vapor channel 6 includes several first water vapor channels 601 and several second water vapor channels 602 arranged vertically, the first water vapor channel 601 is close to the wave-facing surface of the concrete structural unit 10, and the adjacent two first water vapor channels 601 are respectively It communicates with the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 and the linear wave-dissipating channel 4 , the length of the first water vapor channel 601 is smaller than that of the second water vapor channel 602 , and the second water vapor channel 602 communicates with the secondary fishway 5 .

To further optimize the scheme, the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 is connected with a horizontally arranged first-level fishway 7, the first-level fishway 7 is set in the concrete structural unit 10, the first-level fishway 7 is perpendicular to the second-level fishway 5, and the first-level fishway 7 is vertical to the second-level fishway 5. The fishway 7 communicates with the second-level fishway 5 , and the first-level fishway 7 communicates with the second water vapor passage 602 .

The energy dissipation hole 2, the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3, the linear wave-dissipating channel 4, the secondary fishway 5 and the water vapor channel 6 are interconnected, and fish can enter the concrete structural unit 10 through the linear wave-dissipating channel 4, and pass through two Level fishway 5 swims out, also can enter concrete structural unit 10 through first-level fishway 7, swims out through linear wave-dissipating channel 4 or secondary fishway 5, this interconnected structure provides a stable and The vigorous habitat promotes the development of coastal biodiversity protection. At the same time, the first-level fishway 7 increases the turbulent dissipation of water flow and reduces wave energy to a certain extent.

To further optimize the scheme, the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 includes two wave-dissipating holes 301 arranged up and down oppositely. The wave-dissipating holes 301 communicate with each other through a U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 302 , and the U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 302 is opened in the concrete structural unit 10 .

The side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 adopts a diversion structure on the wave-facing surface, and the diversion angle is 40° to 50°. scour.

The working process of this embodiment is as follows:

When conventional waves act, the interaction process between waves and ecological dams is shown in Figure 5. The wave propagates toward the shore, and after reaching the wave-facing surface of the embankment, it enters the side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel 3 and moves upward along the channel. At this time, the kinetic energy of the wave is converted into potential energy. The top is broken, and then flows out from the other end of the side U-shaped wave dissipation channel 3, and enters the ocean; compared with the traditional vertical breakwater, it greatly reduces the erosion of the foot of the embankment by the eddy current formed after the wave hits the wave surface, protecting It improves the safety of the embankment and increases the stability and safety of the whole life cycle. At the same time, the first-level fishway 7 increases the turbulent dissipation of the water flow and reduces the wave energy to a certain extent;

When extreme waves act, the interaction process between waves and ecological dams is shown in Figure 6. When extreme wave weather occurs, the water level rises and even submerges the top surface of the embankment. At this time, the lower part of the embankment mainly plays the role of blocking water. At this time, the plants 8 above the embankment start to play an important role in reducing the wave energy. When the wave passes through the plant 8, the wave generates turbulent dissipation, and the energy is gradually attenuated along with the breakage. After passing through multiple rows of plants 8, the impact effect is weakened, so that the wave energy behind the embankment is greatly reduced; at the same time, the overtop wave can pass through the concrete structure. The water vapor channel above the unit 10 flows back into the concrete structure unit 10 and returns to the ocean, which reduces the amount of surge behind the embankment, and greatly reduces the damage to the beach behind the embankment, people's safety and property caused by the surge under extreme conditions.

The dam of the utility model adopts an assembled structural unit, as shown in FIG. 7 , which is a combination of two concrete structural units 10 . According to the length of the shoreline, it can be assembled to build dike continuums of different lengths. This prefabricated structure is easy to transport and install, and can be disassembled and reused even in remote shallow water environments, reducing or eliminating the need for heavy equipment, saving money and increasing project economic benefits.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical" , "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and other indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the utility model, rather than Any indication or implication that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The above-mentioned embodiment is only to describe the preferred mode of the present utility model, not to limit the scope of the present utility model. The various deformations and improvements mentioned above should all fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present utility model.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides an ecological dykes and dams structure of scour prevention suitable for extreme condition which characterized in that: the concrete structure unit is characterized by comprising a plurality of dry-mixed structure units (10), wherein a plant growth structure is arranged on the top surface of each concrete structure unit (10), plants (8) are planted in the plant growth structure, a wave dissipation structure is arranged on the wave-facing surface of each concrete structure unit (10), the wave dissipation structure is communicated with the plant growth structure, a plurality of horizontally arranged secondary fishways (5) are arranged on the side wall of each concrete structure unit (10), the secondary fishways (5) are parallel to the top surface and the wave-facing surface of each concrete structure unit (10) and penetrate through the concrete structure units (10), the secondary fishways (5) on the adjacent concrete structure units (10) are communicated, and the secondary fishways (5) are communicated with the wave dissipation structure and the plant growth structure.

2. An erosion-resistant ecological embankment structure suitable for extreme conditions, according to claim 1, wherein said wave-breaking structure comprises a plurality of side U-shaped wave-breaking channels (3) provided on the wave-facing side of said concrete structural unit (10), said side U-shaped wave-breaking channels (3) are sequentially arranged at intervals, a linear wave-breaking channel (4) is provided between two adjacent side U-shaped wave-breaking channels (3), said linear wave-breaking channel (4) is provided on said concrete structural unit (10), said linear wave-breaking channel (4) is communicated with said secondary fishway (5), said side U-shaped wave-breaking channel (3) is communicated with an energy-dissipating hole (2), said energy-dissipating hole (2) is provided on the top surface of said concrete structural unit (10), said energy-dissipating hole (2) is vertically provided and penetrates out of the top surface of said concrete structural unit (10), said side U-shaped wave-breaking channels (3) and said linear wave-breaking channel (4) are respectively communicated with said plant growth structure.

3. An erosion-preventing ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein said vegetation structure comprises a plurality of vegetation holes (1), the bottom ends of said vegetation holes (1) are connected with water vapor channels (6), the front side parts of two water vapor channels (6) adjacent to each other on left and right are respectively connected with said U-shaped wave-dissipating channel (3) and said linear wave-dissipating channel (4), the rear side parts of two water vapor channels (6) adjacent to each other on left and right are connected with said secondary fishway (5), said vegetation holes (1) are internally provided with seedling culture devices (9), and said plants (8) are planted in said seedling culture devices (9).

4. An erosion prevention ecological embankment structure suitable for extreme conditions according to claim 3, wherein said water vapor channel (6) comprises a plurality of first water vapor channels (601) and a plurality of second water vapor channels (602) vertically arranged, said first water vapor channels (601) are close to the wave-facing side of said concrete structural unit (10), two adjacent first water vapor channels (601) are respectively communicated with said side U-shaped wave-dissipating channel (3) and said linear wave-dissipating channel (4), the length of said first water vapor channel (601) is less than said second water vapor channels (602), said second water vapor channels (602) are communicated with said second-stage fishway (5).

5. An erosion prevention ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions, according to claim 4, characterized in that said side U-shaped wave-breaking channel (3) is connected with a horizontally arranged primary fishway (7), said primary fishway (7) is opened in said concrete structural unit (10), said primary fishway (7) is perpendicular to said secondary fishway (5), said primary fishway (7) is connected with said second water vapor channel (602).

6. An erosion-preventing ecological dam structure suitable for extreme conditions according to claim 2, wherein said side U-shaped wave-breaking channel (3) comprises two wave-breaking holes (301) oppositely arranged up and down, both wave-breaking holes (301) are opened on the wave-facing surface of said concrete structural unit (10), said wave-breaking holes (301) are round platform structures, two wave-breaking holes (301) are communicated with each other through U-shaped wave-breaking channel (302), said U-shaped wave-breaking channel (302) is opened in said concrete structural unit (10), and the small end of said wave-breaking hole (301) is communicated with both ends of said U-shaped wave-breaking channel (302).

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