CN222190868U - Battery diagnostic equipment and battery system - Google Patents

Battery diagnostic equipment and battery system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN222190868U
CN222190868U CN202290000688.1U CN202290000688U CN222190868U CN 222190868 U CN222190868 U CN 222190868U CN 202290000688 U CN202290000688 U CN 202290000688U CN 222190868 U CN222190868 U CN 222190868U
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battery
current
charging
cell
bms
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Chinese (zh)
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朴亭昱
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

电池诊断设备以及电池系统。本实用新型涉及一种用于诊断电池的缺陷的方法、提供该方法的电池诊断设备以及提供该方法的电池系统。本实用新型的电池系统包括：电池，该电池包括多个电池单元；电流传感器，该电流传感器每隔预定周期测量作为在电池中流动的电流的电池电流；以及电池管理系统(BMS)，该电池管理系统在充电循环期间，在对电池进行充电同时作为电池的两端的电压的电池电压为恒定的恒定电压模式下，计算在多个周期当中的两个相邻周期测量的两个电池电流之间的电流变化量，并且基于电流变化量诊断电池的缺陷。

Battery diagnostic device and battery system. The utility model relates to a method for diagnosing defects of a battery, a battery diagnostic device providing the method, and a battery system providing the method. The battery system of the utility model comprises: a battery, the battery comprising a plurality of battery cells; a current sensor, the current sensor measuring a battery current as a current flowing in the battery at predetermined intervals; and a battery management system (BMS), which during a charging cycle, in a constant voltage mode in which the battery is charged while the battery voltage as a voltage across the battery is constant, calculates a current change amount between two battery currents measured in two adjacent cycles among a plurality of cycles, and diagnoses a defect of the battery based on the current change amount.

Description

Battery diagnosis device and battery system
Cross Reference to Related Applications
The present application claims priority and benefit from korean patent application No.10-2021-0159978 filed in the korean intellectual property office on day 11 and 19 of 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The present utility model relates to a method for diagnosing (or testing) a defect of a battery during a charging process of the battery, a battery diagnosis apparatus providing the method, and a battery system providing the method.
Background
A constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method is a method for charging a lead storage battery, a lithium ion battery, or the like. Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining a change in battery voltage and a change in battery current during a conventional constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging.
Referring to fig. 6, in a charge start step, a charger charges a battery in a Constant Current (CC) mode. When the Constant Current (CC) mode is continued, the voltage of the battery gradually increases. The Constant Current (CC) mode is a method in which a charger applies a Constant Current (CC) to a battery to charge the battery. Even if the battery voltage reaches the reference voltage (charge upper limit voltage) when the battery is charged, the battery does not reach the fully charged state (100% charged state). Therefore, when the battery voltage reaches the reference voltage (charge upper limit voltage), the charger charges the battery in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode. When the Constant Voltage (CV) mode is continued, the battery current gradually decreases. When the current decreases to near zero, the charger ends charging the battery.
If the battery is continuously charged in a Constant Current (CC) mode, the battery voltage continues to rise, and eventually problems such as battery explosion may occur. Therefore, when the battery voltage reaches the charge upper limit voltage, the charger switches from the Constant Current (CC) mode to the Constant Voltage (CV) mode to charge the battery. The battery may then be safely charged to a fully charged state (100% charged state). That is, since the capacity of the battery is limited, the battery voltage can be constantly maintained only when the charging current is reduced in the interval in which the battery is charged in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode.
On the other hand, conventionally, there have been many methods of diagnosing (detecting) an abnormal battery based on the amount of change (Δv) in the battery voltage. However, there is no method of diagnosing an abnormal battery based on the amount of change (Δi) of the battery current (e.g., the charging current).
Disclosure of utility model
Technical problem
The present utility model is to provide a defect diagnosis method for a battery, a battery diagnosis apparatus providing the defect diagnosis method for a battery, and a battery system providing the defect diagnosis method for a battery to diagnose a defect of a battery in the process of charging the battery using a constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method.
Technical proposal
The battery system according to one aspect of the present utility model includes a battery including a plurality of battery cells, a current sensor measuring a battery current as a current flowing through the battery every predetermined period, and a Battery Management System (BMS) calculating a current variation between two battery currents measured in two adjacent periods among a plurality of periods in a constant voltage mode of a charging cycle in which the battery is charged so that a battery voltage, which is a voltage at both ends of the battery, is constant, and diagnosing a defect of the battery based on the current variation.
The BMS may calculate the current variation in the constant voltage mode in each charging cycle by subtracting the value of the (N-1) th battery current measured in the (N-1) th period from the value of the nth battery current measured in the nth period, and when the current variation is zero or more occurs at least once in a charging cycle, the BMS may determine that an event occurs in the charging cycle to increment a count by 1, and the BMS may diagnose a defect of the battery based on the accumulated counts of a plurality of charging cycles.
The BMS may diagnose that the battery is defective when the accumulated count exceeds a predetermined reference value.
The BMS may diagnose the battery as defective when the events continuously occur in the charging cycle and an accumulated count corresponding to the continuously occurring events exceeds a predetermined reference value.
The battery diagnosis apparatus according to another aspect of the present utility model includes a charger that charges a battery cell according to a predetermined charging method, a current sensor that measures a cell current as a current flowing through the battery cell in a predetermined period, and a controller that calculates a current variation between two cell currents measured in two adjacent periods among a plurality of periods in a constant voltage mode of a charging cycle in which the battery cell is charged so that a cell voltage, which is a voltage at both ends of the battery cell, is constant, and diagnoses a defect of the battery cell based on the current variation.
The controller may calculate the current variation amount in the constant voltage mode of each charging cycle by subtracting the value of the (N-1) th cell current measured in the (N-1) th period from the value of the nth cell current measured in the nth period, the controller may determine that an event occurs in the charging cycle when the current variation amount is zero or more occurs at least once in the charging cycle, to increment a count by 1, and the controller may diagnose a defect of the battery cell based on the accumulated counts of a plurality of charging cycles.
The controller may diagnose that the battery cell is defective when the accumulated count exceeds a predetermined reference value.
The controller may diagnose that the battery cell is defective when the event continuously occurs in the charging cycle and an accumulated count corresponding to the continuously occurring event exceeds a predetermined reference value.
A defect diagnosis method for a battery according to another aspect of the present utility model measures a battery current, which is a current flowing through a battery, every predetermined period and diagnoses a defect in the battery based on the battery current, and includes the steps of performing a constant voltage mode of a charging cycle in which the battery is charged so that a battery voltage, which is a voltage at both ends of the battery, is constant, and calculating a current variation between two battery currents measured in two adjacent periods among a plurality of periods in the constant voltage mode and diagnosing a defect in the battery based on the current variation.
The step of diagnosing the defect in the battery may include the steps of calculating the current variation in the constant voltage mode by subtracting the value of the (N-1) th battery current measured in the (N-1) th period from the value of the nth battery current measured in the nth period, determining that an event occurs in the charging cycle to increment a count by 1 when the current variation is zero or more occurs at least once in the charging cycle, and diagnosing the defect in the battery based on the accumulated counts of a plurality of charging cycles.
The step of diagnosing a defect in the battery based on the accumulated count of the charging cycles may include diagnosing that the battery is defective when the accumulated count exceeds a predetermined reference value.
The diagnosing of the defect in the battery based on the accumulated count of the charging cycles may include diagnosing the defect of the battery when the event continuously occurs in the charging cycles and the accumulated count corresponding to the event continuously occurring exceeds a predetermined reference value.
Advantageous effects
The present utility model has the effect of diagnosing the defects of the battery in a simple manner during the process of charging the battery.
The present utility model has an effect of providing diversity in a method of diagnosing a defect of a battery by diagnosing a defect of the battery based on a variation amount of current of the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram for describing a battery system for diagnosing a defect of a battery connected to an external device (e.g., a vehicle, etc.) according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a battery diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing defects of battery cells according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 and 4 are diagrams showing changes in cell current during the process of charging a predetermined defective battery cell using a constant current/constant voltage charging method.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for diagnosing a defect of a battery according to an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a diagram for describing a change in battery voltage and a change in battery current during a conventional constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging process.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments disclosed in the present specification will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in the present specification, the same or similar constituent elements will be denoted by the same or similar reference numerals, and redundant description thereof will be omitted. The terms "module" and/or "unit, portion or component" used in the following description to denote constituent elements are only used to make the present specification easier to understand, and thus, these terms do not have a meaning or effect of distinguishing themselves from each other. In addition, in describing the embodiments of the present specification, detailed description of known techniques associated with the present utility model will be omitted when it is determined that it may obscure the gist of the present utility model. Furthermore, the drawings are provided solely for allowing an easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification and should not be construed as limiting the spirit disclosed in the present specification, and it should be understood that the present utility model includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives without departing from the scope and spirit of the utility model.
Terms including ordinal numbers such as first, second, etc., will be used only to describe various constituent elements and should not be construed as limiting the constituent elements. The term is used merely to distinguish one constituent element from other constituent elements.
It will be understood that when one constituent element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another constituent element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other constituent element or may be connected or coupled to the other constituent element with still another constituent element interposed therebetween. In contrast, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "directly coupled" or "directly connected" to another element, there are no other elements between the element and the other element.
In the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "has" or "having" are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.
Fig. 1 is a diagram for describing a battery system for diagnosing a defect of a battery connected to an external device (e.g., a vehicle, etc.) according to an embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1, a battery system a includes a battery 10, a relay 20, a current sensor (or current sensor) 30, and a battery management system (hereinafter, BMS) 40.
The battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells Cell1-Celln electrically connected in series and parallel. In an embodiment, the battery cell may be a rechargeable secondary battery. A predetermined number of battery cells may be connected in series to form a battery module, a predetermined number of battery modules may be connected in series to form a battery pack, and a predetermined number of battery packs may be connected in parallel to form a battery bank (battery bank) such that the battery bank supplies desired power.
Although fig. 1 shows the battery 10 in which three battery cells Cell1-Cell3 are connected in series, the present utility model is not limited thereto, and the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells Cell1-Cell n connected in series and/or in parallel. In an embodiment, at least one of the three battery cells Cell1-Cell3 shown in fig. 1 may be a defective abnormal Cell. Hereinafter, a battery cell that satisfies a predetermined criterion is defined as a normal cell, and a defective battery cell that does not satisfy the predetermined criterion is defined as an abnormal cell. Further, the battery 10 including at least one abnormal unit is defined as a defective battery 10 or an abnormal battery 10.
In fig. 1, a battery 10 includes a plurality of battery cells Cell1-Cell3 connected in series, and is connected between two output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 of a battery system a. The relay 20 is connected between the positive electrode of the battery system a and the first output terminal OUT1, and the current sensor 30 is connected between the negative electrode of the battery system a and the second output terminal OUT 2. The components shown in fig. 1 and the connection relationship between the components are examples, and the present utility model is not limited thereto.
The relay 20 controls the electrical connection between the battery system a and an external device. When the relay 20 is turned on, the battery system a and the external device are electrically connected to perform charging or discharging, and when the relay 20 is turned off, the battery system a and the external device are electrically separated. In this case, the external device may be a charger that supplies power (or electric power) to the battery 10 to charge the battery 10 in a charging cycle, and may be a load to which the battery 10 discharges in a discharging cycle.
The current sensor 30 is connected in series to a current path between the battery 10 and an external device. The current sensor 30 may measure a battery current (i.e., a charge current and a discharge current) flowing through the battery 10, and may transmit the measurement results to the BMS 40.
In an embodiment, the current sensor 30 may measure a battery current (i.e., a charging current) at a predetermined period in a charging cycle in which the battery 10 is charged by power of an external device, and may transmit the measurement result to the BMS 40.
The BMS 40 is electrically connected to each of the battery cells Cell1-Cell3 through wires. The BMS 40 may collect and analyze various information about the battery cells (including information about the battery cells Cell1-Cell 3) such that the BMS controls the charging, discharging, protecting operation, etc. of the battery cells and the operation of the relay 20.
According to an embodiment, the BMS 40 may control the charging of the battery 10 using a constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method, and may diagnose a defect of the battery based on the amount of change in current of the battery in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode.
The charging cycle to be described below may represent an interval from the time when the battery 10 starts to be charged to the time when the battery 10 reaches a fully charged state by charging. In the charging cycle, the charging mode may include a Constant Current (CC) mode and a Constant Voltage (CV) mode. In this case, the full charge state of the battery does not indicate that the state of charge (SOC) of the battery becomes 100%, and the full charge state may be set to a charge state (e.g., 80% or 85%) in which the battery is safely used without being overcharged.
For example, the BMS 40 may receive a current value of the battery current (hereinafter, referred to as a battery current value) from the current sensor 30 at a predetermined period for each charging cycle. In the Constant Voltage (CV) mode, the BMS 40 counts events (Δi=i N-IN-1 ≡0) (hereinafter referred to as current increasing events) corresponding to the case where the nth battery current value (I N) received in the nth period is greater than or equal to the (N-1) th battery current value (I N-1) received in the (N-1) th period. In this case, even when an event occurs multiple times in one charging cycle, the BMS 40 may increase the number of counts per charging cycle. That is, even though the current increase event occurs three times in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode of the first charging cycle and the current increase event occurs twice in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode of the second charging cycle, the BMS 40 may determine that the current increase event occurs twice in total by occurring once in each of the first charging cycle and the second charging cycle.
Further, when the sum of the counts in the plurality of charging cycles exceeds a predetermined reference value (e.g., 5 times), the BMS 40 may diagnose that a defective battery cell exists in the battery 10. That is, the BMS 40 may diagnose the battery 10 as an abnormal battery. In this case, the abnormal battery may be the battery 10 including the defective battery cell. A more detailed description will be provided below with reference to fig. 5.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a battery diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing defects of battery cells according to an embodiment.
Referring to fig. 2, the battery diagnosis apparatus B includes a relay 200, a current sensor 300, a charger 400, and a controller (or control unit) 500.
The battery diagnosis device B may be a device for diagnosing a defect in the battery cell 100. For example, the battery diagnosis device B may be a device for diagnosing a defect of the battery cell 100 in the final step of the manufacturing process of the battery cell 100. In this case, the battery cell 100 may be a rechargeable secondary battery. That is, the battery Cell 100 may correspond to each of the battery cells Cell1-Cell3 included in the battery 10 shown in fig. 1. Further, the battery cell 100 may include a lead storage battery (12V) for supplying power to various electronic devices included in the battery system a.
The relay 200 controls the electrical connection between the battery unit 100 and the charger 400. When the relay 200 is turned on, the battery unit 100 and the charger 400 are electrically connected, thereby performing charging. When the relay 200 is opened, the battery cell 100 and the charger 400 are electrically separated.
The current sensor 300 may be connected in series between the battery cell 100 and the charger 400 to measure a current (hereinafter, referred to as a cell current) flowing in the battery cell 100, and may transmit the measurement result to the controller 500. According to an embodiment, the current sensor 300 may measure a cell current at a predetermined period in a charging cycle in which the battery cell 100 is charged by the power of the charger 400, and may transmit the measurement result to the controller 500.
The controller 500 may control the relay 200 and the charger 400 to diagnose defects in the battery cell 100 while charging the battery cell 100. According to an embodiment, the controller 500 may diagnose a defect of the battery cell 100 based on the amount of change in the cell current in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode while charging the battery cell 100 a plurality of times using a constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method.
For example, the controller 500 may receive a current value of the cell current (hereinafter referred to as a cell current value) from the current sensor 300 at a predetermined period in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode of each charging cycle. The controller 500 counts an event (Δi=i N-IN-1 +_0) (hereinafter referred to as a current increase event) corresponding to a case where the nth cell current value (I N) received in the nth period is greater than or equal to the (N-1) th cell current value (I N-1) received in the (N-1) th period. In this case, the controller 500 may increase the number of counts per charging cycle even when an event occurs a plurality of times in one charging cycle. That is, even though the current increase event occurs three times in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode of the first charging cycle and the current increase event occurs twice in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode of the second charging cycle, the controller 500 may count (or determine) that the current increase event occurs twice in total by occurring once in each of the first charging cycle and the second charging cycle. Further, when the sum of the counts in the plurality of charging cycles exceeds a predetermined reference value (e.g., 5 times), the controller 500 may diagnose the presence of defective battery cells in the battery cells 100. That is, the controller 500 may diagnose the battery cell 100 as an abnormal unit.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of an experiment for observing a change in current when an abnormal unit is charged by a constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method after an abnormal unit in which an anode tap is not in contact with a lead wire is artificially manufactured.
Referring to fig. 3, for example, the charger 400 may charge the battery cell 100 in a Constant Current (CC) mode in the interval a1, and when the cell voltage reaches the charge upper limit voltage, the charger 400 may charge the battery cell 100 in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode in the interval a 2.
Referring to fig. 3, when a defective battery cell is charged in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode, a cell current jump phenomenon may occur. In this case, the phenomenon of the cell current jump is a phenomenon corresponding to the above-described current increase event (Δi=i N-IN-1 +.0). As a result of the experiment, the phenomenon shown in fig. 3 was confirmed in the 144 th charging cycle of the total 200 charging cycles, and the average value of the increase in cell current (Δi) was 4.5mA. In this case, the cell temperature and the cell voltage show variations within a normal range. That is, according to the experimental result of fig. 3, abnormal cells can be distinguished by the amount of change in cell current in a Constant Voltage (CV) interval.
Fig. 4 is another example diagram of an experiment for observing a change in current when an abnormal unit is charged by a constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method after an abnormal unit in which an anode tap is not in contact with a lead is artificially manufactured.
Referring to fig. 4, for example, the charger 400 may charge the battery cell 100 in a Constant Current (CC) mode in the interval b1, and when the cell voltage reaches the charge upper limit voltage, the charger 400 may charge the battery cell 100 in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode in the interval b 2.
Referring to fig. 4, when a defective battery cell is charged in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode, a cell current jump phenomenon may occur. In this case, the phenomenon of the cell current jump is a phenomenon corresponding to the above-described current increase event (Δi=i N-IN-1 +.0). As a result of the experiment, the phenomenon shown in fig. 4 was confirmed in the 164 th charging cycle among a total of 200 charging cycles, and the average value of the increase in cell current (Δi) was 1.5mA. In this case, the cell temperature and the cell voltage show variations within a normal range. That is, according to the experimental result of fig. 4, abnormal cells can be distinguished by the amount of change in cell current in a Constant Voltage (CV) interval.
Based on these experimental results, a defect diagnosis method for a battery, a battery diagnosis apparatus providing the defect diagnosis method for a battery, and a battery system providing the defect diagnosis method for a battery will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1, 2, and 5. Further, a battery diagnosis apparatus B for diagnosing an abnormal battery and a battery system a for diagnosing a defect in the battery 10 including at least one abnormal battery are described together based on fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for diagnosing a defect of a battery according to an embodiment.
First, according to an embodiment, the BMS 40 turns on the relay 20 to electrically connect the external device to the battery 10 and communicates with the external device such that the battery 10 is charged in a Constant Current (CC) mode (S110).
The Constant Current (CC) mode is a mode in which an external device (e.g., a charger) applies a current having a predetermined constant current value (i.e., a constant current CC) to the battery 10 to charge the battery 10. As the Constant Current (CC) mode continues, the voltage across the battery 10 (hereinafter referred to as battery voltage) gradually increases.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the controller 500 turns on the relay 200 and controls the charger 400 to charge the battery cell 100 in a Constant Current (CC) mode (S110).
Next, when the battery voltage reaches the charge upper limit voltage (yes in S130), which is a predetermined reference voltage, the BMS 40 communicates with an external device such that the battery 10 is charged in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode (S150).
Even if the battery voltage reaches the reference voltage (charge upper limit voltage) when the battery 10 is charged, the battery does not reach the fully charged state. Accordingly, when the battery voltage reaches the reference voltage (charge upper limit voltage), the BMS 40 may communicate with an external device to charge the battery 10 in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode.
The Constant Voltage (CV) mode is a mode in which an external device (e.g., a charger) charges the battery 10 while maintaining a constant battery voltage. In this case, the external device may receive the battery voltage value from the BMS 40, or may check the voltage value of both ends of a link capacitor (not shown) connected in parallel with the battery 10 to check whether the battery voltage remains constant. In the Constant Voltage (CV) mode, the battery voltage value is constant, but as the Constant Voltage (CV) mode continues, the charging current gradually decreases. When the charging current decreases to almost zero (0A), the external device ends charging the battery 10.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 5, when the cell voltage reaches the charge upper limit voltage (yes in S130), which is a predetermined reference voltage, the controller 500 controls the charger 400 to charge the battery cell 100 in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode (S150).
Next, the BMS 40 diagnoses a defect in the battery 10 based on the current variation between the charging currents measured in two adjacent cycles in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode (S170).
The current sensor 30 may measure the charging current at every predetermined period and may transmit the measurement result to the BMS 40. Based on the measurement result, the BMS 40 may calculate a current variation between charging currents measured in two adjacent cycles in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode.
In step S170, the BMS 40 determines whether the variation (ΔI) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (ΔI.gtoreq.0) (S171).
The BMS 40 receives a charging current value (battery current value) from the current sensor 30 at a predetermined period in a Constant Voltage (CV) mode. Each time the BMS 40 receives the charging current value, the BMS 40 calculates a variation amount (Δi=i N-IN-1 Σ0) of the charging current as a difference value between the currently received charging current value (I N) and the previously received charging current value (I N-1). In addition, the BMS 40 determines whether the variation amount of the charging current (Δi=i N-IN-1) is equal to or greater than zero (Δi=i N-IN-1 Σ0). That is, the case where the variation amount (ΔI) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (ΔI. Gtoreq.0) may correspond to the case where the N-th battery current value (I N) received at the N-th period is greater than or equal to the (N-1) -th battery current value (I N-1) received at the (N-1) -th period.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the case where the variation amount (Δi) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (Δi Σ0) may correspond to a phenomenon where the cell current jumps in the Constant Voltage (CV) interval. The phenomenon that the cell current jumps in the Constant Voltage (CV) interval may indicate that an abnormal battery is included in the battery 10.
Since the Constant Voltage (CV) mode is a charging method of charging the battery 10 while maintaining the battery voltage, the external device can supply the battery 10 with a charging current in a stable state. Therefore, when a predetermined defective battery Cell (hereinafter referred to as an abnormal Cell) exists among the battery cells Cell1-Cell3, a change in Cell current (current jump phenomenon) due to the abnormal Cell may also affect the battery current flowing through the battery Cell (i.e., the battery 10).
In step S170, if a case in which the variation amount of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero does not occur as a result of the determination (no in S171), the BMS 40 waits until a charging current value (battery current value) corresponding to the next cycle is received (S172). When the next cycle is reached, the BMS 40 repeats step S171.
In step S170, if it is determined that the variation amount of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (yes in S171), the BMS 40 increases the count by 1 (S173).
According to an embodiment, when the case where the variation (Δi) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (Δi Σ0) occurs at least once in the nth charging cycle, the BMS 40 increments the count by 1.
Even when the event occurs a plurality of times in the nth charging cycle, the BMS 40 may increase the counted number of each nth charging cycle. For example, even if the case where the variation (Δi) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (Δi Σ0) occurs three times in the 10 th charging cycle, the BMS 40 may count the number of times the event occurs in the 10 th charging cycle as 1 time. For another example, even if the case where the variation (Δi) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (Δi Σ0) occurs three times in the 10 th charging cycle and the case where the variation (Δi) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (Δi Σ0) occurs twice in the 11 th charging cycle, the BMS 40 may count the number of times the event occurs during the first charging cycle to the 11 th charging cycle as a total of two events that the event occurs by occurring once in each of the 10 th charging cycle and the 11 th charging cycle.
In step S170, the BMS 40 diagnoses a defect in the battery 10 based on the accumulated count (or the accumulated count number) as a result of performing the charging up to the nth charging cycle (S174 and S175).
According to an embodiment, the BMS 40 may diagnose that the battery 10 is defective when the accumulated count exceeds a predetermined reference value. For example, a total of 12 charging cycles are repeated, and when it is determined that the cumulative count (e.g., 6 times) exceeds the reference value (e.g., 5 times) in the 12 th charging cycle, the battery 10 may be diagnosed as an abnormal battery.
According to another embodiment, if an event in which the variation amount (Δi) of the charging current is equal to or greater than zero (Δi Σ0) continuously occurs in a plurality of charging cycles and the accumulated count corresponding to the event exceeds a predetermined reference value, the BMS 40 may diagnose that the battery 10 is defective.
For example, assume that an event occurs in the 15 th to 20 th charging cycles while a total of 20 charging cycles are performed. Since the BMS 40 determines that 6 events continuously occur in the 15 th to 20 th charging cycles and the cumulative count (e.g., 6 times) exceeds the reference value (e.g., 5 times), the BMS 40 may diagnose the battery 10 as an abnormal battery.
In step S170, if the accumulated count up to the nth charging cycle as a result of performing the charging does not exceed the reference value (no in S174), the BMS 40 may repeat the method for diagnosing the defect of the battery from step S171 until the charging is completed (S176).
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the controller 500 calculates the amount of change in the charge current (cell current) every predetermined period in the Constant Voltage (CV) mode, and diagnoses the defect of the battery cell 100 based on the amount of change in the charge current (S170). That is, the controller 500 may diagnose the defect of the battery cell 100 by performing the above-described steps S171 to S176.
While the utility model has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical embodiments, it is to be understood that the utility model is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1.一种电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池系统包括：1. A battery system, characterized in that the battery system comprises: 电池，所述电池包括多个电池单元；A battery, the battery comprising a plurality of battery cells; 电流传感器，所述电流传感器每隔预定周期测量作为流过所述电池的电流的电池电流；以及a current sensor that measures a battery current as a current flowing through the battery at every predetermined period; and 电池管理系统BMS，所述BMS计算在充电循环的恒定电压模式下在多个周期当中的两个相邻周期中测量的两个电池电流之间的电流变化量，并且基于所述电流变化量诊断所述电池的缺陷，在所述恒定电压模式中，对所述电池进行充电以使作为所述电池的两端处的电压的电池电压是恒定的，a battery management system BMS that calculates a current variation amount between two battery currents measured in two adjacent cycles among a plurality of cycles in a constant voltage mode of a charging cycle in which the battery is charged so that a battery voltage that is a voltage at both ends of the battery is constant, and diagnoses a defect of the battery based on the current variation amount, 其中，对于每个充电循环，所述BMS以预定周期从所述电流传感器接收所述电池电流的值。Wherein, for each charging cycle, the BMS receives the value of the battery current from the current sensor at a predetermined period. 2.根据权利要求1所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述BMS通过从在第N周期中测量的第N电池电流的值减去在第(N-1)周期中测量的第(N-1)电池电流的值来计算在每个充电循环的所述恒定电压模式下的所述电流变化量，2. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that the BMS calculates the current variation in the constant voltage mode in each charging cycle by subtracting the value of the (N-1)th battery current measured in the (N-1)th cycle from the value of the Nth battery current measured in the Nth cycle, 其中，当所述电流变化量为零或更大的情况在充电循环中发生至少一次时，所述BMS确定在所述充电循环中发生事件，以使计数加1，并且Wherein, when the current variation is zero or greater occurs at least once in a charging cycle, the BMS determines that an event occurs in the charging cycle so that the count is increased by 1, and 其中，所述BMS基于多个充电循环的累积计数来诊断所述电池的缺陷。The BMS diagnoses defects of the battery based on a cumulative count of a plurality of charging cycles. 3.根据权利要求2所述的电池系统，其特征在于，当所述累积计数超过预定参考值时，所述BMS诊断出所述电池有缺陷。3 . The battery system according to claim 2 , wherein when the cumulative count exceeds a predetermined reference value, the BMS diagnoses that the battery is defective. 4.根据权利要求2所述的电池系统，其特征在于，当所述事件在所述充电循环中连续发生并且与连续发生的所述事件相对应的累积计数超过预定参考值时，所述BMS诊断出所述电池有缺陷。4. The battery system according to claim 2, wherein the BMS diagnoses that the battery is defective when the event occurs continuously in the charging cycle and a cumulative count corresponding to the continuously occurring event exceeds a predetermined reference value. 5.一种电池诊断设备，其特征在于，所述电池诊断设备包括：5. A battery diagnostic device, characterized in that the battery diagnostic device comprises: 充电器，所述充电器根据预定充电方法对电池单元进行充电；A charger, wherein the charger charges the battery unit according to a predetermined charging method; 电流传感器，所述电流传感器以预定周期测量作为流过所述电池单元的电流的单元电流；以及a current sensor that measures a cell current as a current flowing through the battery cell at a predetermined cycle; and 控制器，所述控制器计算在充电循环的恒定电压模式下在多个周期当中的两个相邻周期中测量的两个单元电流之间的电流变化量，并且基于所述电流变化量诊断所述电池单元的缺陷，在所述恒定电压模式中，对所述电池单元进行充电以使作为所述电池单元的两端处的电压的单元电压是恒定的，a controller that calculates a current variation amount between two cell currents measured in two adjacent cycles among a plurality of cycles in a constant voltage mode of a charging cycle in which the battery cell is charged so that a cell voltage that is a voltage at both ends of the battery cell is constant, and diagnoses a defect of the battery cell based on the current variation amount, 其中，对于每个充电循环，所述控制器以预定周期从所述电流传感器接收所述单元电流的值。Wherein, for each charging cycle, the controller receives the value of the cell current from the current sensor at a predetermined period. 6.根据权利要求5所述的电池诊断设备，其特征在于，所述控制器通过从在第N周期中测量的第N单元电流的值减去在第(N-1)周期中测量的第(N-1)单元电流的值来计算在每个充电循环的所述恒定电压模式下的所述电流变化量，6. The battery diagnostic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller calculates the current variation amount in the constant voltage mode in each charging cycle by subtracting the value of the (N-1)th cell current measured in the (N-1)th cycle from the value of the Nth cell current measured in the Nth cycle, 其中，当在充电循环中所述电流变化量为零或更大的情况发生至少一次时，所述控制器确定在所述充电循环中发生事件，以使计数加1，并且Wherein, when the current variation is zero or greater at least once in a charging cycle, the controller determines that an event occurs in the charging cycle so that the count is increased by 1, and 其中，所述控制器基于多个充电循环的累积计数来诊断所述电池单元的缺陷。The controller diagnoses a defect of the battery cell based on an accumulated count of a plurality of charging cycles. 7.根据权利要求6所述的电池诊断设备，其特征在于，当所述累积计数超过预定参考值时，所述控制器诊断出所述电池单元有缺陷。7 . The battery diagnosis apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the controller diagnoses that the battery cell is defective when the cumulative count exceeds a predetermined reference value. 8.根据权利要求6所述的电池诊断设备，其特征在于，当所述事件在所述充电循环中连续发生并且与连续发生的所述事件相对应的累积计数超过预定参考值时，所述控制器诊断出所述电池单元有缺陷。8 . The battery diagnosis apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein when the event occurs continuously in the charging cycle and a cumulative count corresponding to the continuously occurring event exceeds a predetermined reference value, the controller diagnoses that the battery cell is defective.
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