CN2502006Y - Floor type multi-cable pumping unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multi-cable oil pumping machine of a floor type, which belongs to the field of oil extraction machines, and the multi-cable oil pumping machine is composed of a machine frame, a main shaft device, a dynamic force and driving braking device, a steel rope, a connection balancing device, a well repairing abdication mechanism and a balancing device, wherein a main guide wheel 9 is arranged below the machine frame 33, and a front guide wheel 16 and a back head sheave 17 which both add wheel linings 18, 18' are arranged above the machine frame. The positive and negative rotation of the main guide wheel 9 is controlled by a reversible motor 2 through a speed reduction device, and an inner rope 23 and an outer rope 10 of the steel rope are respectively hung over an inner rope balancing wheel 24 and an outer rope balancing wheel 27 which are arranged above a balancing weight 31 by winding the front guide wheel 16, the main guide wheel 9 and a back guide wheel 17. The rope end of the steel rope is connected with a pump hang 1 through spiraling tensioning devices 13, 13' and a suspension rod beam 11, and the inner rope balancing wheel 24 and the outer rope balancing wheel 27 are connected with the balancing weight 31 through the connection balancing device.

Description

Ground-type multi-cable pumping unit

Technical field

Ground-type multi-cable pumping unit belongs to oil exploitation machinery.

Technical background

At present, the oil machine is adopted and is generally being used beam pumping unit both at home and abroad, advantages such as it is simple in structure, reliability and durability and easy to operate that though it has, it is low and the oil recovery overall efficiency is low, the degree of balance is poor, power consumption is big, body is overweight and the stroke lengthening critical defect that is difficult for overcoming such as limited also to exist mechanical efficiency.The root of its shortcoming is the crank-link mechanism of transmission system.Therefore, emerge the multiple new pumping units such as chain type, orthoscopic, chain rope formula, chain commutation type and friction commutation type of being completely free of crank-link mechanism in recent years.

Chain making machine is because drive mechanism is undesirable, and pass chain spare is stressed bad, and chain is easily broken, and operation is steady and pneumatic equalizer is not too reliable, stops production.The chain of chain reversing machine and sprocket wheel not only transmission but also load-bearing, over-burden, and the life-span is not long, more be not suitable for big type (it is big that pitch is big, polygon effect seriously reaches reverse impact), do not see popularization so far.Straight line machine I type circulation link chain is external toothing, and chain and sprocket wheel (tooth) life-span is short, and needs telephone-moving during well workover, and operation inconvenience is wasted time and energy, and is replaced by straight line machine II type.Straight line machine II type number of patent application is 971181411, and the suspender of this machine be many plates lifting chain entirely, is difficult for lubricated frame outside and sealing, so that many plates chain weares and teares at the head sheave place of leading is very fast, and the time adhesion is arranged, and many plates chain price is more expensive again; Though the head sheave of straight line machine II type is faced upward the well workover of the bowing mechanism that steps down and is moved than complete machine improvement is arranged greatly, but the directive wheel pillar of mechanism needs quite height again, certainly will influence stability, the core of this machine is a commutation operating mechanism, and its mechanism's key component is reversing shaft and associated part, and this part is complicated and stressed bad, if insufficient lubrication, then easy seize, inconvenience assembling and maintenance again, therefore also stopping production.

New in recent years come out and close with this machine be chain rope formula oil pumper and friction-type oil pumper.(as application number: suspender 01241508.1) is that many plates chain and wire rope are combined to chain rope formula oil pumper.The effect of its land wheel only is guiding, and the reciprocating motion that pump is hung realizes that by endless-chain and lift shaft its structure is relatively complicated, because the many plates chain that adopts, price is higher relatively.The friction-type oil pumper is (as the patent No.: 97217513x), the part because its structure still has some deficits, as dominating the top (going up transmission) that friction pulley main shaft device and power and transmission device all are arranged in derrick, installation, maintenance and maintenance are inconvenient, the machine gravity height, poor stability; Well workover needs complete machine displacement etc.

Technology contents

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of existing oil pumper, provide a kind of operate steadily reliable, energy-efficient, easily realize long stroke, well workover easy, the easy-operating oil pumper of stepping down.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that accompanying drawings is as follows:

Ground-type multi-cable pumping unit, by frame, main shaft device, power and biography check mechanism, wire rope and connection balancer thereof, the well workover mechanism that steps down, bascule is formed, capstan 9 is equipped with in the below of frame 33, front jockey wheel 16 and back directive wheel 17 are equipped with in the top, all be added with wheel lining 18 on it, 18 ', capstan 9 is controlled its positive and negative rotation by reversing motor 2 by deceleration device, the inner rope 23 of wire rope and outer rope 10 pile warp front jockey wheels 16, capstan 9, back directive wheel 17 is hung on respectively on the inner rope dancing pulley 24 and outer rope dancing pulley 27 of balance weight 31 tops, the fag end of wire rope is by spiral tensioning apparatus 13,13 ' to hang 1 with hanging stick beam 11 and pump to link to each other, inner rope dancing pulley 24 links to each other with balance weight 31 by being connected balancer with outer rope dancing pulley 27.

All be added with on the wheel rim of capstan 9, front jockey wheel 16 and back directive wheel 17 elastic insert 18,18 ', this liner is fixed on the wheel rim by voussoir 21 extruding.

Step down mechanism 15 of well workover adopts pinion and racks, process respectively at the bolster two ends of front jockey wheel 16 joint shaft gear 37,37 ', its outer end processes flat or square spanner, and joint shaft gear is fixed on tooth bar 38,38 on the conjuncted mounting 14 of frame top ' be meshed below it.

Consult Fig. 1: there is conjuncted mounting 14 top of frame 33, well workovers step down mechanism 15, front jockey wheel 16 and back directive wheel 17 are installed above the conjuncted mounting 14, and there are reversing motor 2 (this motor can adopt the switching magnetic-resistance reversing motor), joint group narrow V belt transmission 3, rectifier 4, check mechanism 5, main shaft 6, shaft coupling 7, driving key 8 and capstan 9 in the below of frame.The outer rope dancing pulley 27 of balance weight 31 tops in the balanced hoisting system is being hitched outer rope 10, inner rope dancing pulley 24 is being hitched inner rope 23, two wire rope 10, four fag ends of 23 lead through back directive wheel 17 earlier up, again below through capstan 9, again through top front jockey wheel 16 guiding, by spiral tensioning apparatus 13,13 ', bearing pin 12 is connected pump and hangs 1 with hanging stick beam 11, reversing motor 2 is by joint group narrow V belt transmission 3, reducer 4, shaft coupling 6, when main shaft 7 and driving key 8 order about capstan 9 counterclockwise runnings, static friction by rope and lining is passed to rope 10 and 23 with power, this moment, rope drew front jockey wheel 16 to clockwise rotate, just lift pump hangs 1, carry out oil pumping process, in this simultaneously, balance weight 31 depends on deadweight to fall.

When pump extension 1 closes on top dead centre (balance weight is closed on lower dead center), the reversing motor 2 instantaneous parking that reduces speed now, oppositely quicken again to start at the uniform velocity (maximum), this moment, capstan 9 turned round clockwise, also make rope draw back guiding can 17 to rotate counterclockwise by lining and static friction between the rope, will promote balance weight 31 and rise, while pump extension 1 depends on gravity to fall, close on stop again, slow down again, stop in wink, oppositely accelerate at the uniform velocity.So go round and begin again and then realized the reciprocating motion that pump is hung, carry out oil producing operation.

Consult Fig. 7 and 8: well workover step down mechanism 15 be process at the axle two ends of front jockey wheel 16 joint shaft gear 37,37 ', the tooth bar 38,38 ' be meshed of this gear and its below, formation pinion and rack.During well workover, take off the anchor nut 40 and the bolt 41 of the shaft stool 39 of front jockey wheel 16, at spanner place, axle two ends cover upper handle 42, clockwise spanner handle, 16 of front jockey wheels roll with axial back and abdicate the well workover requisite space, after the well workover, reverse spanner handle, the preceding and then return of front jockey wheel.

The utility model is compared with the walking beam machine has following advantage.

(1) easily realize long stroke, improve system synthesis efficient, after the stroke of walking beam machine reached 5.0m, machine weighed and installed capacity all will significantly increase, and this machine only increases bracket height and suspension element length gets final product.As be all 12 type oil pumpers, be compared as follows table:

Type	Suspended load Fx (KN)	Stroke S (m)	Jig frequency nc (min-1)	Motor power (output) P (kw)	Complete machine mass M (kg)
						The walking beam machine	120	3.6-4.8	8，6，4	55.0	31500
The ground-type multi-cable machine	120	5.0-8.0	5.0-2.4	37.0 or 45.0	20000

Under the identical condition of pump hanging wire speed, but the long stroke low jig frequency, and the coefficient of impact is little, and (coefficient of impact is Sn ²C/1440), it is little that pump is hung equivalent quality, can take out relatively deeply, and jig frequency is hanged down also favourable machine, bar, pump and pipe network steady operation, increases the service life.

(2) this machine adopts weights formula symmetrical balance mode, and the degree of balance can reach more than 95%, and the electric current during stroke is bordering on equally up and down, avoids low load with strong power, reduces idle power consumption.

(3) drive path is short, and the mechanical efficiency height adds the stroke utilization rate height of long stroke again, and coefficient of fullness is big, pump efficiency is high, so system synthesis efficient height.

(4) dragging of this machine controlled the device advanced person, switching magnetic-resistance reversing motor and regulation device starting, and the performance of break-in and speed governing is all very superior, and when a dynamic loading was rated load 150%, starting current only was 30% of a rated current, favourable Fraquent start; But magnetic resistance switch speed-adjustable system stepless speed regulation transfers jig frequency extremely convenient, and the uplink and downlink speed that pump is hung is inequality, is more suitable for thickened oil recovery on fast down slowly.And can alleviate the eccentric wear of rod collar and oil pipe.

(5) adjust parameter conveniently.The rotational speed regulation scope of motor is 50-1000rpm, and be adjustable intact jig frequency several as required seconds.Rise and take out and stop and manually to control, start in the oil producing operation, slow down, stop to be control automatically with break-in, automatically the signal of control has relay and takes from some proximity signaling switches in the kinematic system, and the installation site that changes switch has just changed stroke, and a few minutes just can be finished and be transferred the journey operation.

(6) powerfactorcos that drags the control system=1 of this machine can greatly reduce the no kinetic power at power supply networking, thereby reduces the electricity charge.

This machine is compared with the friction-type oil pumper:

(1) the friction-type oil pumper adopts and goes up transmission, and this machine is the console mode underdrive, so center of gravity is low, complete machine stability is good, also is convenient to Maintenance and Repair, has avoided work high above the ground, generally can not need hoisting hook.

(2) balance weight of friction-type oil pumper is in frame, and pump hangs up when rising the complete machine barycenter and far is partial to the hanging stick side, and eccentric throw is big, poor stability.In other direction, power and transmission device all cantilever have additional bending moment to frame outside the frame profile, also influence stability, and this machine all belongs to symmetrical balance in direction in length and breadth and arranges, power and transmission device below, independent mounting and basis are arranged, so frame is stressed good, complete machine stability is good.

(3) friction-type oil pumper.Need the complete machine displacement during well workover, if take to allow the displacement capstan, difficulty will be very big.At first be to need the capstan suspension point away from mounting and frame, balance weight also needs to follow toward this direction to move thereupon, and complete machine stability will be poorer.Next is only to move the wheel clutch that need disintegrate, and is pretty troublesome.If power moves with transmission device and wastes time and energy, and this machine adopts the rack-and-pinion well workover mechanism that steps down, and simple being suitable for is easy to operate.

(4) the friction-type oil pumper adopts single rope sheave lining.The wheel rim broad, dynamic moment of inertia is big, and this machine adopts duplex type sheave lining, and the wheel rim of same capabilities can greatly subtract narrow, favourable frequent commutation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: the general structure schematic diagram of ground mounted multi rope winder;

The lateral view of Fig. 2: Fig. 1;

Fig. 3: power and transmission device schematic diagram;

Fig. 4: the structure chart of capstan;

Fig. 5: the balanced wheels schematic diagram of the connection of balance weight;

The lateral view of Fig. 6: Fig. 5;

Fig. 7: the well workover structural scheme of mechanism of stepping down;

The lateral view of Fig. 8: Fig. 7;

The partial top view of Fig. 9: Fig. 8.

1. pumps are hung 2. reversing motors, 3. joint group narrow V belt transmissions, 4. reducers, 5. check mechanism, 6. shaft couplings, 7. main shafts, 8. driving keys, 9. capstans, 10. outer rope 11. hanging stick beams 12. bearing pins 13 among the figure, 13 '. tensioning apparatus 14. conjuncted mounting 15. well workovers step down mechanism's 16. front jockey wheels 16 '. front jockey wheel axle 17. back directive wheels 18,18 '. bearing pin 29. outer connecting plate 30. big bearing pin 31. balance weights 32. main seat frames 33. frames 34. big cottor pin 35. split shed pins 36. little cottor pins 37 in the connecting plate 27. outer rope dancing pulleys 28. in wheel lining 19. nuts 20. bolts 21. voussoirs 22. plate squeezings 23. inner ropes 24. inner rope dancing pulleys 25. small clevis pin with head 26., 37 ' joint shaft gear 38,38 '. the tooth bar 39. shaft stools 40. anchor nuts 41. stone bolt 42. handles 43. nuts 44. tooth bar stone bolt 45. tooth bars bolt that hoists

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment, further specify details of the present utility model.

There is conjuncted mounting 14 top that general structure scheme of the present utility model is a frame 33, well workover step down machine 15, front jockey wheel 16 and back directive wheel 17 are installed above the conjuncted mounting 14, there is main seat frame 32 below of frame 33 so that capstan 9 to be installed, and the reversing motor 2 of below can be just by joint group narrow V belt transmission 3, reducer 4, shaft coupling 6, main shaft 7 and driving key 8, driving capstan 9 or backward rotation.Therefore, claim console mode (underdrive).By the frictional drive principle, wire rope 10,23 passed to power again by capstan 9, and wire rope is through front jockey wheel 16 and back guiding 17 guiding, constituted symmetrical balance power by linkage again and has been, just can alternately promote the pump extension 1 in the place ahead or the balance weight 31 at rear, to realize oil producing operation.

Core of the present utility model is the capstan 9 of transferring power, to large-scale the oil pumper ((stroke≤4000mm) can adopt the takeup type capstan that diameter 〉=1600mm) and stroke are long.This programme has adopted friction pulley, and the key component of friction pulley is a wheel lining, the requirement of wheel lining is had withstand voltage (P 〉=2.0Mpa), friction factor big (μ 〉=0.22) are wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant and ageing-resistant.Material can be used polyvinyl chloride (PVC), synthetic rubber or polyurethane, and the former price is the most cheap, but application life is the shortest, and the latter is opposite, and this programme has been selected synthetic rubber placed in the middle for use.

The heavy burden rope number of multi-cable pumping unit, available 2,4,6 and 8, it is many more to restrict, and the diameter of rope and wheel is more little, is beneficial to frequent commutation more, but also will make wheel lining fixing and the tensioning balancer is complicated, and common four ropes are most widely used general.

To large-scale oil pumper stroke long again adopt on single rope sheave (taking wheel as the leading factor) transmission and the last well workover mechanism that steps down.12 types and following oil pumper thereof should adopt console mode (underdrive and last well workover step down mechanism).

Should adopt planetary cycloidal pin gear reducer to middle-size and small-size oil pumper,, be beneficial to frequent commutation, and the above required this big type speed reducer source of goods difficulty of oil pumper of 12 types should adopt two circular arc secondarys or tertiary gear reducer because its dynamic moment of inertia is little.

Since this machine drag the control system very advanced, it is convenient not only to adjust parameter, and when being used for heavy oil wells, the speed of service that pump is hung be set at fast down slowly on, guaranteeing not slack rope, and improve the production fluid amount.

Should abdicate crane or elevator dead man during well workover or manage required space.Therefore, this machine is provided with the rack-and-pinion well workover mechanism that steps down, consult Fig. 7,8 and 9: promptly all process joint shaft gear 37 respectively at the bolster two ends of front jockey wheel 16,37 ', with the tooth bar 38 under it, 38 ' be meshed, the shaft gear outer end processes flat or square spanner, when facing well workover, take off the anchor nut 40 and the bolt 41 of axle bed 39, set up the handle 42 of corresponding flat or square spanner mouth, when pulling handle backward, gear 37,37 ' and front jockey wheel 16 together along tooth bar 38,38 ' backward roll, just abdicate the well workover requisite space, after well workover finishes, oppositely pull handle 42 again, front jockey wheel just can reset, and very easily satisfies the requirement of suspension point projection.On the conjuncted mounting 14 of tooth bar 38,38 ' be fixed on nut 43 and stone bolt 44 frame top (consulting Fig. 1), install for convenience, stone bolt 44 adopts rectangular via holes (consulting Fig. 8 and 9).Tooth bar 38,38 ' on screw, in order to when the mobile front jockey wheel 16, with bolt 45 with front jockey wheel axle 16 ' lift slightly together with axle bed 39, thereby slip resistance is become resistance to rolling, make rapid operation.

Claims (3)

1. ground-type multi-cable pumping unit, by frame, main shaft device, power and biography check mechanism, wire rope and connection balancer thereof, the well workover mechanism that steps down, bascule is formed, capstan (9) is equipped with in the below that it is characterized in that frame (33), front jockey wheel (16) and back directive wheel (17) are equipped with in the top, all be added with wheel lining (18) on it, (18 '), capstan (9) is controlled its positive and negative rotation by reversing motor (2) by deceleration device, the inner rope of wire rope (23) and outer rope (10) pile warp front jockey wheel (16), capstan (9), back directive wheel (17) is hung on respectively on the inner rope dancing pulley (24) and outer rope dancing pulley (27) of balance weight (31) top, the fag end of wire rope is by spiral tensioning apparatus (13), (13 ') hang (1) with hanging stick beam (11) and pump and link to each other, and inner rope dancing pulley (24) links to each other with balance weight (31) by being connected balancer with outer rope dancing pulley (27).

2. according to the described ground-type multi-cable pumping unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that all being added with elastic insert (18), (18 ') on the wheel rim of said capstan (9), front jockey wheel (16) and back directive wheel (17), this liner is fixed on the wheel rim by voussoir (21) extruding.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described ground-type multi-cable pumping units, it is characterized in that the said well workover mechanism (15) that steps down adopts pinion and rack, process joint shaft gear (37), (37 ') respectively at the bolster two ends of front jockey wheel (16), its outer end processes flat or square spanner, and tooth bar (38), (38 ') that joint shaft gear is fixed on below it on conjuncted mounting (14) of frame top are meshed.

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