CS201864B1 - Lubricant for high and super high pressure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a lubricant for rubbing metal surfaces below high ai. extremely high pressure. It contains as main ingredients organic compounds of sulfur, phosphorus, sulfur and phosphorus as high pressure additives and oil-soluble sulfonate as detergent dispersant.

Extremely high pressures are most prevalent in gears such as in particular hypoid gears in cars, in worm gears, on metal cutting tools and the like. The highly escalated performance of automotive engines creates very difficult gear lubrication conditions that transmit engine power to the wheels.

A very high pressure lubricant must provide a sufficiently strong lubricating film that can withstand, without breaking, the heavy increased and impact loads of gear teeth or other components, while being sufficiently resistant to high temperatures in terms of component decomposition and degradation. The operating temperatures of the automotive transmission oil charge induced by frictional heat reach in most cases 70 to 120 ° C, but in some cases may be even higher up to about 150 ° C,

High-pressure additives prevent abrasion and scuffing of the rubbing surfaces either by forming a physical lubricating film which, however, is only resistant to temperatures of about 120 ° C, or by forming a chemical / monomolecular / layer or alloy with lubricated rubbing £ 01 864

281884 surface. It is very difficult to create! such a lubricant, the additives of which would be able to form or produce with sufficient speed; to restore a satisfactory chemical film on the lubricated surfaces under all even very severe maneuvering conditions of the lubrication process, such as at impact loads and high speeds, or at high torque and relatively low speeds of the lubricated surfaces. For example, a carefully balanced lubricant for high speed operating conditions as well as for high torque and relatively slow speeds may not be effective enough even under severe impact loads at high speeds as well as at high rotational forces at relatively high speeds. low speed. High-pressure additives with a high reaction rate of chemical film formation on rubbing surfaces, suitable for impact loading conditions, tend to be less thermally stable and are more susceptible to corrosion to lubricated materials.

The tendency and increase in working temperatures of transmission oils, especially in automotive oils, resulting from the desire to design increasingly efficient transmission devices while minimizing oil volume in order to save space, necessitates the development of new oils with higher lubrication efficiency and thermal stability.

The present invention is directed to a lubricant suitable for apparatuses that operate at extremely high pressures, impact loads, high speeds, high torques, and various oil operating temperatures, reaching values above 120 ° C to about 150 ° C.

We have found that a lubricant meeting these high demands can be prepared on the basis of a suitable base lubricating oil or plastic lubricant that is suitable for the intended use and based on the following main ingredients; organic sulfur compounds, organic compounds containing sulfur and phosphorus in the molecule, oil-soluble sulfonates and organic phosphorus compounds. The latter type of additives may not always be present in the lubricant. The oil-soluble sulfonate has, in addition to the main detergency-dispersing effect, an anti-corrosion and non-corrosion effect.

In addition to the aforementioned main ingredients, the lubricant of the present invention may contain other known and used ingredients such as e.g. antifoam additives, additives which improve the viscosity index of oils, reduce the pour point, modify the odor or color of lubricants, biocides and

other.

As the base lubricating oil, petroleum oils, synthetic hydrocarbon oils, synthetic ester oils, or mixtures of said oils, optionally with the addition of vegetable or animal oils, may be used. Base oil must comply with viscosity, viscosity index, pour point and other properties for the specified climatic and operating conditions of the lubricant.

The high to extremely high pressure lubricant of the present invention consists of 50-99% by weight of a base component which is either a grease / grease / or a lubricating oil which may be of petroleum origin, synthetic hydrocarbon oil, synthetic ester oil or any mixtures of these oils, the base oil may contain as components also oils of vegetable and animal origin and from 1 to 50% by weight of the additives, the resulting lubricant containing 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of sulfur coming from sulfur organic compounds such as dibenzyl disulphide, dibenzyl polysulphide, butylene phenyl disulphide, butyl phenyl polysulphide, xanthogenetrasulphide, phenylethyl polysulphide, phenyl propyl disulphide, phenylpropyl polysulphide, sulphurous oil, sulphurized hydrocarbons, , talc, rapeseed, sunflower, corn, 0.1 to 16% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight, of organic compounds containing sulfur and phosphorus in the molecule as neutral and / or basic metal salts, except for alkali metal salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acids wherein the term alkyl refers to the radicals of alcohols, phenols, mono- and polyalkylphenols having a carbon number of 3 to 30, wherein the individual alkyls in the dithiophosphoric salt molecule may be different, 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10%. 5% by weight of petroleum and / or synthetic neutral and / or basic oil-soluble alkaline and / or alkaline earth metal sulphonates, in particular Ca, Ba, Ug, prepared on the basis of monosulio acids having an average molecular weight of at least 250, preferably 400 to 500. The present invention may contain 0.1 to 12% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 6% by weight, of organic phosphorus compounds such as phosphates and phosphides, in particular triethyl, triphenyl, tricresyl phosphide and phosphate.

The bristles prepared according to the present invention have been shown in the field tests of known and internationally used methodologies, in contrast to a lubricant prepared on the basis of a reputable commercial high-pressure additive (see Examples 1 and 2), compared to lubricants prepared according to US. U.S. Pat. 97 202, 97 203 (see Example 3) and no. 103,474 (see Example 4) and as opposed to commonly used raw oils (Example 5).

The main difference in the quality of the lubricants of the present invention over the known lubricants in Examples 1, 3 and 4 is that, in addition to the very good lubricating effect which protects the surfaces from scuffing and galling at severe to extremely high pressures, stability resulting from the combination of ingredients of the present invention. This allows the preparation of lubricants suitable for operating temperatures in the region of about 150 [deg.] C., where the additives do not decompose yet. In addition to reducing the concentration of the additives in the lubricant, the decomposition of the additives generally also results in an unacceptable high corrosion rate and the aggressiveness of the lubricant towards the surfaces in contact with the lubricant.

The following are non-limiting examples.

Example 1

Base oil / kinematic viscosity 134.4 at 50 ° C and 19.1 mm @ 3 * at

100 ° C, VI 91.0, flash point 234 ° C and pour point -19.0 ° C / consisting of

O »1

98.8% by weight of petroleum selective raffinate (kinematic viscosity 124.8 mm s at 50 ° C and 17.65 mm% ^ at 100 ° C, VI 85.3, flash point 234 ® C and pour point -8 ° C) and 1.2% by weight of polymotacrylate additive improving the viscosity index and lowering the oil breakdown point were added 6.75% by weight, calculated on the resulting oil, of a reputable commercial sulfur-phosphorus-based additive for automotive (hypoid) gear oils.

201BB4

The prepared oil showed the following results in the tests:

1. Anti-abrasion and anti-galling properties:

1.1. False value on a four-ball apparatus: 380/400 kg

1.2. Test on Niemann gearbox (FZG-teet), method A / 20 / 16,6 / 90 / accelerated running / j

- unsatisfactory driving degree i

- total wheel wear: 23 mg

2. Thermal stability (maximum temperature at which no deposit has yet formed in the oil for 100 hours): 140 ° C.

3. Corrosion test on medium according to ASTM D-130-65 (4 h, 120 ° C), degree of corrosion: 2.

/ Note: corrosion levels 1 to 3 indicate a non-corrosive product, grade 4 indicates a corrosive product./

Example 2

Oo of the base oil as in Example 1, 1.1% by weight of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate / containing 7.3% by weight Al ⁴ W, 9% wt S /, 1.7% by weight dibenzyldisuliidu Sheets and 3.5% by weight, 32% Low molecular weight petroleum sulphonate oil concentrate of low molecular weight 918. All ingredients are calculated on the resulting oil.

The oil obtained in the tests, as in Example 1, showed the following values:

1. Anti-abrasion and anti-galling properties:

1.1. False value on a four-ball apparatus; 300/320 kg.

1.2. Test for Niemann gearbox:

unsatisfactory degree of loading: above 12

- total wheel wear: 18 mg

2. Thermal stability: above 180 ° C

3. Medium corrosion test, degree of corrosion: 1.

Example 3

Based on the base oil, as in Example 1, the following additive oils were prepared:

a / plej according to MS. No. 5,940,516; 97 202:

5% by weight of chlorinated hard petroleum paraffin with a chlorine content of 42% by weight and 1.25% by weight of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate as in Example 2 was added to the base oil, the additions being calculated on the resulting oil.

The prepared oil showed the following results in functional tests as in Example 1:

- on a four-ball apparatus, the hind value: 340/360 kg

- thermal stability; 130 [deg.] C

- corrosion test on medium, degree of corrosion; 3, b / oil according to MS. U.S. Patent No. 5,768,549; 97 203:

to the base oil was added 3% by weight (calculated on the resulting oil mixture) of the zinc salt prepared based on non-chlorinated dialkyldithioic phosphoric acid to a chlorine content of 30% by weight. The dialkyldithiophosphoric acid was identical to the zinc dithiophosphate shown in Example 2.

The prepared oil showed the following results in the functional tests, as in Example 1;

- on the four-ball apparatus, the punch value; 340/360 kg

- thermal stability i 125 ° C

- corrosion test on medium, degree of corrosion 2.

The oils a / and b) showed a substantially lower thermal stability and a higher degree of corrosion than the oil according to the invention given in Example 2.

Example 4

A grease corresponding to the product 2 mentioned in the art. U.S. Patent No. 5,768,516; 103,474 showed a punch value of 200/210 kg on a four-ball apparatus.

This plastic lubricant after additivation with 0.5% by weight of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, as in Example 2, 0.5% by weight of tricresyl phosphide, 1.5% by weight of dibenzyl disulfide and 2.0% by weight of calcium sulfonate, as in Example 2, showed a higher pore value. on a four-ball machine, 260/280 kg.

Example 5

The following additives were added to a base oil consisting of 80% by weight of petroleum selective raffinate having a kinematic viscosity of 28 mm ² s @ -1 at 50 ° C and 20% by weight of ester oil (di-2-ethylhexyl dodecanedioate): 0.8% by weight of dialkyldithiophosphate of zinc as in Example 2, 5.0% by weight of the sulfurized olefins ^c ^ ^c ^ q ~ 3 ⁸ bound sulfur content of 20.1% by weight, 3.0% by weight, 32% of calcium sulfonate oil concentrate as in Examples 2 and 0, 6% by weight of triphenylliosite calculated on the resulting oil.

The prepared oil showed the following results during the test:

1. Frotioder and anti-glare properties:

1.1. False value on a four-ball apparatus; 320/330 kg

2. Thermal stability: above 180 ° C

3. Medium corrosion test, degree of corrosion: 1

4. Used as a coolant lubricant in turning steel workpieces, it has been possible to increase the cutting speed by 30% while maintaining the same surface quality of the workpiece and reducing the degree of wear of the cutting tool compared to a commercially used commercial fat.

Claims (4)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 1. A lubricant for high and extremely high pressures consisting of 50 to 98% by weight of a basic component which is a plastic lubricant or lubricating oil, which may be an oil of petroleum origin, a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, a synthetic ester oil or a mixture thereof. contain, as components, oils of vegetable and animal origin, characterized in that they contain organic sulfur compounds in an amount such that their sulfur content in the lubricant is 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, compounds containing 0.1 to 16% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight, of sulfur and sulfur in the molecule, calculated on the resulting lubricant, oil-soluble sulfonates of petroleum and / or synthetic, neutral and / or basic metals of alkali and / or alkaline earths, especially Ca, Ba, Mg, prepared on the basis of monesulioacid with an average molecular weight of 250, preferably 400 to 500, in an amount of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, calculated on the resulting lubricant. 2. High and extremely high pressure lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains organic sulfur compounds such as dibenzyl disulphide, dibenzyl polysulide, butylphenyl disulphide, butyllenyl polysulphide, xanthogenetetrasuifide, phenylethyl disulphide, phenylethylpolysulphide, phenylsulpidyl sulphide, of vegetable or animal origin, such as sperm, pine, talc, rapeseed, pork, fish. 3. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains organic sulfur and phosphorus compounds, such as neutral and / or basic metal salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acids, the term alkyl being understood as radicals of alcohols, phenols, mono- and polyalkylphenols having carbon numbers in alkyl 3 to 30, wherein the individual alkyls in the dithiophosphoric salt molecule may be different. 4. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 0.1 to 12% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 6% by weight, of organic phosphates and / or phosphides such as triethyl, triphenyl, tricresyl phosphide and phosphate.