CS205566B1 - Method of agricultural cultures maintenance prolongation by means of expanded silicates - Google Patents

Description

The present invention provides a simple and effective method of extending the shelf life of agricultural crops (fruits, vegetables, potatoes, beet, etc.), which creates conditions for controlling the microclimate and biological processes when stored using granular expanded silicates, optionally treated.

The natural preservability of crops is limited by the losses and damages that occur during storage by wilting, overheating of the binders, overturning, bursting, freezing, microbial decomposition and activity of rodents. Simple ways to extend durability such as grave, cellar storage and unattended storage are not efficient enough and do not protect against loss and damage , equipped with smoothing machines, humicators, absorbers and oxygen converters is economically unavailable and largely unusable for many types of crops. Removal of volatile exhaust gases, which shorten the shelf life, is not solved at all in simple ways, and in terms of efficiency, the efficiency of special air filters is disproportionate to the investment cost.

Expanded silicates are used for ioh low thermal conductivity as the building material 205 566

However, a suitable treated mixture of expanded silicates also has a complex effect on stored agricultural products and prolongs their shelf life. The proposed method uses the mechanical, absorbent, heat-insulating properties of expanded silicates to create an environment that slows down the undesirable biological processes of stored crops · The insulating ability of silicates heats up against temperature fluctuations and frost, water absorption ensures water vapor volatile substances slows down the course of maturation and fungistatiocular abilities impregnated with the silllate edema before the spread of pathogens. Loose mixture of silicates allows the necessary active ventilation of crops. Water evaporation from a large specific surface of silicates reduces the temperature of crops. By suitable treatment of the expanded sills, various conditions can be ensured according to the requirements of the individual crop types with the aim of extending the high-quality preservability.

By utilizing the aforementioned properties of the silicates with a large active surface, a simple procedure comprehensively achieves the desired effects on the microclimatic and biological conditions of the post-harvest physiology of agricultural crops and a significant prolongation and preservability in fresh state. The preliminary tests extend the shelf life by 10 to 25% while reducing wilting losses by 20 to 40% and microbial deterioration by 10 to 50% compared to samples under the same conditions. The consumption, nutritional and technological quality of the crops is better preserved.

Low bulk density of expanded silicates allows for full mechanized handling (bulk material conveyors, pneumatic transfer, exhaustion) when used in bulk. · Material is not degraded by use, minimizing material costs.

For removal, the expanded silicates are separated from the crops on the corn conveyor and water scrubber so that they do not pass into further processing. Compared with previous methods, the proposed method has a higher efficiency, requires lower construction and insulation costs by 50 55 and lower energy consumption by 75% ·

The method of extending the shelf-life of agricultural crops with expanded silicates will be used to expand storage capacities in simple warehouses, to improve storage conditions in existing warehouses and specialized cold stores. The application allows for full meohanization and a reduction in the power consumption under large-scale production conditions. It allows the common storage of crops with different environmental requirements. The method is also suitable for storage in small, especially in less suitable and dry space. It will be used for railway and automobile transport of pre-polished crops and for temporary storage in container. The expanded slate mixture can be applied by directly depositing the crops therein, filling the crops, or using the sills in any air filter to regulate its composition and moisture in the storage, storage and storage atmosphere, and the conditioned atmosphere.

In the proposed epidemiology, crops are stored in closed pockets in piles

205 56 with bottom ventilation or in treated pallets, they are poured over with expanded liquids and a continuous even layer is formed on the surface. Crucially, silicates are systematically moistened and ventilated during storage to maintain the desired moisture and temperature. By higher evaporation of water from silicates, the temperature can be reduced by 1 to 5 ° C and the dissipation of exhaled heat can be intensified.

Claims (1)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The method of extending the shelf life of agricultural crops, in particular fruits and vegetables by using grained expanded silicates of a size fraction above 0.3 mm, is characterized in that the crops stored in piles, in treated corrugated pallets and the like are appropriately moistened with expanded silicates systematically aerated in an amount of 200 to 300 np.t ^ .h ^"1, whereupon the temperature and humidity of silicates crops maintained at the necessary level and the humidifying ventilation.