CS206351B1 - Method of maing the construction panels including the moulded bricks and panels - Google Patents

Description

(54) Method of manufacturing building components, including fittings and panels

The invention relates to a process for the production of building components, including fittings and waste material panels, such as lump slag and waste power fly ash, without the addition of cement or other binder, by use. of the residual fuel.

Sources that have a negative impact on the environment and environmental degradation include high heaps of lumps of Hrudkovenská slag and large amounts of waste fly ash, which is constantly increasing.

Hrudkovenská slag is the remnant of the former treatment of poor iron ores, the last part of which was the crushing of the lumps to a nominal size of 20 mm, followed by magnetic separation to obtain pure iron and very acidic slag to be disposed of. In fact, this acidic slag still contained iron residues and, in particular, a relatively large part of the residual fuel, which was finely ground coke. This crushed slag was weighed on high heaps and, since it also contains particles much finer and smaller than 20 mm, it contaminates the environment in winds and significantly degrades the environment in a wide area.

Existing use of lump slag is very limited. It is just a road spread in winter and exceptionally in construction as an additive to concrete, mortar and cement blocks. In this case, however, the defect is both high acidity, high weight (mainly due to residual iron), relatively low strength (caused by residual fuel content, the elimination of which is economically disadvantageous), secondly high thermal conductivity and low insulating ability.

In recent years it has been patented (art. No. 148 444) the method of production of building components so that this production should occur by sintering lump slag with the addition of fly ash and other fillers. The produced blocks were not only heavy, but due to the uneven character of the clustered distribution of the components, especially the residual fuel, its uneven combustion and hence the burning of the whole mass. The blocks produced were inhomogeneous and exhibited porous, unburned and insufficiently fired areas and cavities.

The second such source causing serious problems, both hygienic and economical, is the waste power fly ash, which permanently disrupts the health of the population in areas with concentrated emissions and causes enormous damage to agricultural and forestry crops. At the same time, the constant increase of these wastes, which occupy more and more areas of agricultural land and often endanger the quality of groundwater with their toxic substances, is a serious problem. These fly ash power plants are so fine-grained to dust that, in any processing, they clog the gaps between the mandrels and the entire material becomes airtight.

All of these disadvantages and difficulties are overcome by the present invention, which uses both these nominal raw materials-wastes for components, including fittings and panels, to be treated in a certain way and mixed together and homogenized.

The previously crushed lumpy slag to a nominal size of 20 mm, as found on the waste dumps, must first be crushed to a maximum of about 2 to 6 mm in order to be able to distribute well by further mixing and homogenization and almost evenly distributed throughout the mass components. This is especially true of residual fuel, which only in this form and distribution can guarantee a good and uniform firing, agglomeration of the entire mass.

The second condition for successful agglomeration of the whole mass is the adjustment of the residual fuel content. The composition of the fly ash of fly ash must also be taken into account for two fundamental reasons. One is the residual fuel content - about 4 to 8% - and the Fe ₂ O ₃ content, which is about 5 to 30%, depending on the type and origin of the fly ash, and which also affects the ultimate achievable strength of the agglomerated product. With a lower Fe ₂ O ₃ content (near 10%), the final strength of the agglomerated product will also be lower, and a lower total residual fuel content (just over 8.5 to 9%) will also suffice. With a higher Fe ₂ O ₃ content (for example 20%), the agglomerated product will also have higher strength and will also require more agglomeration of the residual fuel (over 9 and 10%) to be successful.

It goes without saying that the 'tel quel' waste ashes can not be used as it occurs, since its fineness would block all pores and gaps between the grains and would not cause proper agglomeration. It is therefore absolutely necessary to test the waste electric fly ash first in granules.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT Method for producing components, including fittings and panels, by agglomeration in the form of lump slag and fly ash, which are metered in such a proportion that the combustible content of 2 to 6 mm is added to the newly ground slag. The thus formed mixture of both raw materials-waste is mixed well and homogenized and this mixture is filled with molds on the sintering belt and agglomerated. After agglomeration and partial cooling, the block is removed from the agglomeration form, which can be reused. Example 1 About 30 kg of lump slag with a residual fuel content of 16% and a nominal grain size of 20 mm (from the heap) is first ground to a maximum size of 6 mm. About 80 kg of treated power fly ash to a size of 2 to 6 mm with a residual fuel content of 6% and about 10% Fe ₂ O ₃ is used to mix and homogenize with said lumpy Etruscan in a proportion such that the total residual fuel content is a little · Over 8.5% - ie about 1 part, lump slag to 2.5 parts of power fly ash. This mixture was filled into agglomeration forms on an agglomeration belt, ignited and agglomerated in the usual manner. The agglomerated blocks produced exhibited a compressive strength of 1960 kPa, a density of 1650 kg.m &^lt; ³ > and a thermal conductivity of 0.25 kcal / m, h, [deg.] C. Example 2 About 30 kg of lump slag with a residual fuel content of 16% and a nominal grain size of 20 mm (from the heap) was first ground to a maximum grain size of 6 mm. About 50 kg of treated power plant fly ash of 2 to 6 mm in size with a residual fuel content of 6% and about 25 Fe ₂ O 3 was used to mix and homogenize with lump slag in a ratio such that the total residual fuel content was about 10%. The agglomeration was again carried out in the usual manner. The blocks produced exhibited a compressive strength of about 2540 kPa, a bulk density of 1750 kg.m &^lt; ³ > and a thermal conductivity of 0.38 kcal / m, h, [deg.] C. The advantage of the components thus produced is that they do not require any binders to be produced, but that they are sufficient to be binder-based on their own residual fuel. The invention in the mixture was 8 to 11%, characterized in that the lump slag is crushed to a maximum grain size of 2 to 6 mm and thoroughly mixed and homogenized with granular fly ash of a grain size of 2 to 6 mm.