CS206574B1 - Complex cultivating substances for plant production and method of their manufacture - Google Patents

Description

(54) Complex nutrients for crop production and production method t

The invention is concerned with complex nutrients for crop production, a process for their simple production based on natural phosphate materials and industrially produced urea phosphates and polyphosphates and other additives commonly produced by the chemical and petrochemical industries.

It is known that urea phosphate alone constitutes a special ballast-free fertilizer, respectively. additive to fertilizers. It is suitable especially for alkaline and together with powdered limestone or dolomite also for other stages.

However, there remains an effort to produce and apply combined fertilizers based on urea phosphate / Táborský J. et al .: Cs. author's certificate. Wherein crystalline urea phosphate is mixed with powdered phosphorous raw material and water or water vapor not exceeding 40 wt. from the urea phosphate charge.

A disadvantage, however, is the need to produce crystalline urea phosphate, which requires a separate production with crystallization and, last but not least, a relatively high proportion of water-insoluble P2O5 in the resulting combined fertilizer.

Other procedures. Brit. pat. 1 211 537 and German Pat. No. 1,934,953) are even more complex and allow for the separation of calcium sulfate.

According to the invention, the complex nutrients for plant production in solution, suspension or solid, based on phosphates, consist of 2 to 70 wt. % of phosphates and / or urea phosphates, 1 to 40 wt. % inorganic phosphates, preferably formed from natural phosphorus raw materials, 0.3 to 20 wt. % of inorganic compounds containing 206574 at least 1 biogenic element with 5 to 20 wt. % of products formed from C 1 -C 4 aliphatic aldehydes by the action of other components and / or starting materials.

The process for the production of complex nutrients for plant production in solution, suspension or solid based on phosphates is carried out by treating the phosphorus raw material in the form of a powder and, under stirring, with an aqueous solution of phosphate or with stirring. urea polyphosphate and / or phosphoric acid, respectively. polyphosphoric and at the same time or subsequent urea, preferably from a urea production plant and at least one inorganic compound containing at least one biogenic element and / or to the system are added aliphatic aldehydes having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in an amount of 0.1 to 0.4 mole per mole of urea applied, wherein after removal of at least a substantial part of the water, the product formed is preferably granulated.

In the case where the starch is first treated with orthophosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acids to produce a practically water-insoluble phosphorus raw material, the formation of so-called phosphoric acid takes place essentially at the beginning. triple superphosphate

2 Ca ₅ F / PO ₄ ./ ₃ + 14 H ₃ PO ₄ + ₂ 10 U 0 = 1OCa / H ₂ PO ₄ / _{second H2} ° ^{+ 2HF} * prebytkotn wherein the polyphosphoric acid or orthophosphoric Orečný the form of urea phosphate, ₃ to ₄ hours as + / NH _2/2 'NH ₂ CONH _second h ₃ after ₄ resp.

£ NH ₂ CONH ₃ } H ₂ PO ₄ or decomposition of an aqueous urea phosphate solution to the phosphorus raw material also decomposes

In contrast to the reaction of an aqueous solution of urea phosphate to the phosphorous raw material, the reaction of the scorers with phosphoric acid and / or phosphoric acid, respectively. After the phosphorus raw material is dissolved in the urea, the P ₂ O ₃ contained in the product formed is practically quantifiable by the plants. Therefore, it is preferable to either form the urea phosphate in situ from the starting materials or to add phosphoric or polyphosphoric acid and then urea, in the form of orthophosphoric acid, respectively. polyphosphoric and aqueous solution respectively. urea suspension, may be obtained from an intermediate urea production plant. In doing so, it does not harm the impurities of NH ₃ , NH ₄ CONH ₂ , biuret, metal salts and other impurities.

The use of pure crystalline urea from a technical and economic point of view is less advantageous (reduction of urea production, heat consumption for thickening and drying, handling costs, etc.).

Among the other compounds of the biogenic elements, magnesium salts are particularly suitable (e.g. dolomite /, boron / sodium tetraborate / and trace amounts of other bioelements. In cases where the additions of aliphatic aldehydes C 1 to C 4 are still applied, it is mainly formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and isobutylraldehyde, since they are mainly the most economically available.

The aim is to slow down the solubility of the formed substances and thereby increase their utilization rate, prevent undesirable rapid flooding from the soil into the streams or other loss of biogenic elements. However, if the aim is to produce liquid combination fertilizers, it is not expedient to use aldehyde additives. In such a case, the advantages of the second variant of production, ie. with dosing of orthophosphoric acid, respectively. polyphosphoric acid after dissolution of the urea phosphorous raw material and other additives. Of the phosphorus raw materials, water-insoluble or totally insoluble phosphorus-containing substances may be used, which may include, in particular, apatite, phosphite, Thomas or blast furnace slag, magnesium-a-3 phosphate, bone or Talbot, and the like. The advantage of the method of production of complex nutrients for vegetable production according to the invention is in particular the technological simplicity, the achievement of a practically quantitative water level of all components, and thus a high coefficient of their utilization in the ground. Possibility of a suitable combination of production urea, phosphoric acid and polyphosphoric acids, with high production and low energy consumption (there is no part of evaporation, centrifugation of urea, its drying, packing, difficult transport and difficult refining stages). Last but not least, the possibility of flexibility in the composition of the product without demanding equipment modifications. Further advantages are apparent from the examples.

EXAMPLE

In a blender equipped with heating and flue gas and vapor, 100 g of finely ground

Colophosphate containing 39.2 7 wt. (= 17.2% P / s pre-prepared urea orthophosphate solution). H2PO4 from 136.1 g H3PO4 (as 100%) as an aqueous solution with conc. 54.7 wt. and 83.3 g of urea in the form of a warm aqueous solution with conc. 76.1 wt. urea and 0.3% NH 3 and 0.8% NH 4 CONH 2 from the urea concentration stage.

After stirring for 2 1/2 hours at 75 ° C and drawing off the vapors of water and fluorinated fumes, the melt was allowed to cool, respectively. immediately ¹ granulated. The dried granules were solid, non-caking, containing 11.3% amide nitrogen; 40.15% wt. total P2 ° 5 / = 17,66% P /, of which 32,2% citric-soluble Ρ ₂ θ5 / 14,17% P / and 31,55% water-soluble (13,88% P).

In a second experiment, in addition to urea orthophosphate, 60 g of the technical mixture were added after the phosphoric acid with conc. 83% wt. / expressed as H ^ PO ^ / ·, with 90% water-soluble in the granules of θ2θ5,

Example 2

100 g of the colophosphate specified in Example 1 were mixed at 70 ° C with 180.7 g of an aqueous solution of H 2 PO 4 with conc. 54.7% / ie 136.1 g of H3PO4) and immediately thereafter 83.3 g of technical urea in the form of a warm aqueous solution of conc. 76.2 wt. directly from the intermediate urea plant. After stirring for 3 hours at 70-75 ° C while removing water vapor and fluorinated exhales, the melt was cooled and granulated 1a. The granules contained 11.4% N;

42.2% of Ρ ₂ θ5 18.48% P /, with 36.3% of ^{the ec} ^ ies itrorozpustného 2θ5 and 2θ5 ^ 34.2% water-soluble.

Example 3

100 g of colophosphate were mixed at 90 ° C with 136.1 g of H 3 PO 4 as an aqueous solution with conc. 54.7% H 2 PO 4. After stirring for 50 min at this temperature, the temperature was then lowered to 72 ° C and 83.3 g of technical urea in the form of an aqueous solution of conc. 76.2% by weight, taken directly from the intermediate stage of the urea plant. After stirring for 70 min at 70-72 ° C, the thickening melt was granulated to obtain granules of this composition (at 7 wt.%):

11.4 N; 42.2 total P2 ° 5> ie. 18.48 P; 41,2 citrorosoluble Ρ ₂ 0 ^, ie. 18.05 P; 37.8 horizontal oz ρ, μ of P2O5, ie. 16,57 P.

Example 4

100 g of commercial powder apatite / 39.2% Ρ ₂ 0 ^; 1.55% SiO ₂ ; 3.73% Fj 42.9% CaO;

6.7 X SrO; 0.11 X MgO; 0.12 7. FejOj; 0.07 7. K ₂ 0; °> ⁰⁵ ° ^{Μη 7} · X 1 1,6.10 ^-4 ASjOj / are mixed with a mixture of orthophosphoric and po1yfosforečnej in an amount of 124.7 g, expressed as H3PO4.

After stirring for 45 min at 90 ° C and after cooling to 70 ° C, an aqueous solution of technical urea taken directly from the intermediate urea production plant at conc. 76.2 wt.%, Urea, 0.3 wt. % ammonia and 0.4 wt. NH 4 CONl 4, 101 g.

After stirring for 10 minutes, an additional 211.7 g of technical urea was added in the form of the aqueous solution specified above, followed by 346.6 g of potassium chloride containing 59.8 wt. K2O (49.8% K). After concentration, the melt was granulated, with dried granules suitable for plant nutrition, having the following composition (in wt.%): 15.0 N; 15.15 total ϊ * 2 ° 5 » ^res P '1 1» 98 P; 13.05 citric soluble F2 ° 5 » ^res P ·» 46 P; 13.0 water-soluble P2 ° 5 * resp. 9.42 P and 23.9 ϊ ^ θ »respectively.

19,9 K.

Example 5

Mixture of polyphosphoric acids directly in their manufacture containing 82% by weight Ρ ₂ θ5 ^is continuously contacted with the crushed transported Colophosphator at a temperature of 85 to 90 ° C with continuous stirring and removal of fluorine exhalates, after a reaction time of 50 min, in addition to contact with a continuously supplied warm aqueous urea solution directly from the intermediate production plant urea, the reaction being carried out at a temperature of about 70 ° C for 5 to 8 minutes and immediately added ground potassium chloride, usually in an amount such that the product has a weight ratio of N: Ρ ₂ θ5 ⁵ ^ 2θ ^{=: a} ^ - ^{e and} J ^ ° a different ratio of the major nutrients, optionally also other additives in macronutrients in the form of oxides or salts of hydroxides, in solid form and this form: aqueous solutions and suspensions. After removal of the water residue, the melt is cooled, granulated or simply crushed. The product is almost completely water-soluble »

Example 6

The procedure is similar to that of Example 5, except that aliphatic aldehydes up to C 4, most often formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, are added at a rate of 0.1 to 0.4 mol per mole of urea simultaneously with potassium chloride, the product obtained being only partially soluble.

Example 7

100 g of colophosphate were mixed with technical H3PO4 in an amount of 124.7 g (as 100%) as an aqueous solution with conc. 44 After stirring at 98-100 ° C for 60 min, the solution was cooled to 50 ° C and 290 g of urea was added as a cold aqueous solution with conc. 32 wt. plus 146 g of potassium chloride in the form of an aqueous solution with a conc. The solution thus obtained having a low (3 Z) suspension content can be applied as a liquid combination fertilizer.

Claims (3)

After stirring for 10 min, an additional 211.7 g of technical urea was added in the form of the above-specified aqueous solution followed by 346.6 g of potassium chloride containing 59.8 wt. K2O / 49.8% K /. After concentration, the melt was agglomerated, with the dried granules suitable for nutritional use, the small composition (in% w / w): 15.0 N; 15.15 total ϊ * 2 ° 5 »resP '1 1» 98 P; 13.05 citrate F2 ° 5 resP · θ, 46 P; 13.0 water-soluble P2 ° 5 »resp. 9.42 P and 23.9% resP * 19.9 K. Example 5 A mixture of polyphosphoric acids directly in their production containing 82% by weight. 2θ5 is continuously contacted with the crushed transported phosphorus at 85-90 ° C with continuous stirring and removal of the fluorine extracts, after which it is further contacted with the continuously fed warm aqueous solution of technical urea after a reaction time of 50 min. direct urea intermediate stage, the reaction being carried out at a temperature of about 70 ° C for 5 to 8 minutes and immediately adding ground potassium chloride, usually in a near sea level, to produce a N: θ 2θ ^ 5 ^ 2θ = weight ratio in the product. Other proportions of major nutrients may be added, or the addition of other biogenic elements in the form of oxides or hydroxides, in solid form or in aqueous solutions and suspensions. After removal of the water residues, the melt is cooled, granulated or simply crushed. The product is almost completely water-soluble. EXAMPLE 6 The procedure is similar to that described in Example 5, except that aliphatic aldehydes to C14, most commonly formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, tetramaldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, are added at 0 at the same time as potassium chloride. 1 to 0.4 moles per 1 mole of urea, the product obtained only partially soluble. EXAMPLE 7 100 g of colophosphate were mixed with technical H3PO4 in an amount of 124.7 g. In the form of an aqueous solution of conc. 44 of mass. After stirring for 60 min at 98-100 ° C, the solution was cooled to 50 ° C and 290 g of urea was added as a cold aqueous solution of conc. 32 wt. and 146 g of potassium chloride in the form of an aqueous solution of conc. The recovered small solution (3%) of the suspension can be applied as a liquid combination fertilizer. SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 1; Complex nutrients for plant production in, solution, suspensions or solid basophosphates, characterized in that they consist of 2 to 70 wt. % phosphates and / or urea polyphosphates, 1 to 40 wt. Of the inorganic phosphates, preferably the natural phosphorous feedstock formed, 0.3 to 20 wt. Of inorganic compounds containing at least one biogenic element and 5 to 20 wt. Of the products formed from aliphatic aldehydes having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by the action of other components and / or starting materials. 2. A process for producing phosphorous-based nutrient-based nutrients according to claim 1, wherein the phosphoric acid is generally in the form of a powder and is mixed with an aqueous phosphate solution, respectively. urea phosphate and / or phosphoric acid, respectively. polyphosphoric and, at the same time, subsequent urea, preferably from an intermediate stage of the urea plant and furthermore by at least one inorganic compound containing at least one biogenic element and / or aliphatic aldehydes having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are added in an amount of 0.1 to 0; 4 moles per mole of applied urea, wherein after removal of at least a substantial part of the water the product formed is preferably granulated. 5 206574 3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the phosphoric feedstock, usually in the form of a powder and with stirring, is treated with the highest salt of phosphoric acid, respectively. polyphosphoric and urea, preferably after dissolving the phosphorous feedstock and in the form of a saturated or unsaturated solution directly from the intermediate stage of the urea plant, optionally with potassium compounds and other water-soluble compounds of biogenic elements. Grafting. n. p ,. race 7. Most