CS218087B1 - Liquid fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

Liquid fertilizer suitable especially for foliar plant nutrition, containing magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen and optionally also potassium, calcium, trace elements, vitamins, growth regulators and dye, containing in 100 parts by weight of the final product: 2.5 to 24.9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 to 24.9 parts by weight of urea.

Description

The present invention relates to a liquid fertilizer suitable, in particular, for extracorporeal foliar nutrition of plants containing magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen and optionally also potassium, calcium, trace elements, vitamins, growth regulators and a colorant.

One of the important ways of increasing the yields of cultivated agricultural crops is to use the ability of plants to take up nutrients through their above-ground parts, but mainly through the slats.

Plants are capable of absorbing virtually all basic and secondary nutrients as well as trace elements, although the rate of absorption of these nutrients and other biologically active substances varies considerably.

Wittwer, S. H. of Depart. of Horticulture, Michigan State University (technical information from Aglukon) and from our authors also Hudska G. (Agrochemia 16, 5, 144 (1976)) gives the following values for the rate of sorption of some plant nutrients and trace elements:

_. Time 50%

Plant Nutrient Sorbents Amide Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Calcium, Zinc, Magnesium Iron, Molybdenum Sulfur

0.5 - 2 hours 5 - 10 days 10 - 24 days 2 - 5 hours 1 - 2 days 10 - 20 days 5 - days

Jurgens G. (Der Erwerbs-Gärtner No. 17 (26) - April 1972) states that magnesium is the most important nutrient from the point of view of extra-root foliar plant nutrition along with nitrogen (especially in the amidic form).

At present, a number of special liquid fertilizers have been produced abroad and in Czechoslovakia, which were recommended by their manufacturers especially for off-root application.

Among foreign products are for example FOLIFERTIL, WUXAL, KAMASOL BLAU, PLANTAN, BLATTDUNGER 34, BAYFOLAN, CVETAL, COMPLESAL, NUTRI-FLO, MULTI-GREEN, FOLLOW THRU, NA-CHURS FOLIAR FEEDING, CLAW-ELO, MULTIPLEX next.

Commercially produced liquid fertilizers produced in Czechoslovakia include: HARMAVIT, VEGAFLOR, PHYTOVIT, FLORAN, FOLIKOMPLEX-SPECIAL, FOLIKOMPLEX-MICRO and some others.

The above-mentioned types of liquid fertilizers, with the exception of the nitrogen fertilizer BLATTDUNGER 34, have a universal character in terms of use. foliar fertilizers with relatively high levels of basic nutrients (N, P ₂ O ₅ , K ₂ O). Most of these fertilizers also contain trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Mo, B), growth promoters, possibly B-group vitamins, but the content of secondary plant nutrients (Ca, Mg, S) present is usually very low.

In addition to the aforementioned foliar fertilizers, some of the already widely produced nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers have proved to be suitable for out-root fertilization of some agriculturally important crops.

Of the nitrogen liquid fertilizers, solution-based fertilizers based on urea and ammonium nitrate are of particular importance. In patent application no. 5808-75 as well as in the original work (Agrochemistry 16 (12), 344 (1976)) Teren J., Nádvorník R. and Kotvas F. report that based on liquid nitrogen fertilizer of this type (DAM-390) and concentrated aqueous nitrate solution For example, magnesium-magnesium liquid-type liquid fertilizers can be prepared with adjustable and relatively broadly variable nitrogen to magnesium ratios.

Very good results have been achieved with liquid nitrogen-magnesium fertilizers of this type. On the other hand, these fertilizers have the disadvantage that they did not contain nitrogen bound exclusively in the amidic form which is most rapidly absorbed by the plant leaves. A disadvantage has also been shown that, in addition to nitrogen, magnesium and a small proportion of calcium, the fertilizers prepared by mixing the basic nitrogen solution with a concentrated aqueous Mg (NO ₃ ) _{2 solution} did not contain any other biologically active substances at a higher concentration.

Due to the ever-increasing production and consumption of concentrated phosphate fertilizers based on triple superphosphate and ammonium phosphates (Amofos, basic NP liquid fertilizers of type 8-24-0, 10-34-0 and the like), it is becoming an increasingly urgent requirement to provide sufficient assimilable sulfur as an indispensable secondary plant nutrient, especially in the cultivation of oil plants such as soybeans, sunflower, peanuts and the like, but also in the cultivation of legumes and many other agriculturally important crops. Practically all the above problems can be solved using liquid fertilizers according to MS. of the author's certificate no. 200,677, which contain at least 25 and at most 40 parts by weight of urea and at least 5 and at most 25 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate in 100 parts by weight of the final preparation. Although the use of preparations within the meaning of the aforementioned MS. In most specified cases, it appeared appropriate to use fertilizers with a lower nitrogen content due to the assimilable magnesium content for the foliar application of fertilizers by the foliar application of the fertilizer.

It has now been found that some of these deficiencies can be overcome by the use of a liquid fertilizer intended, in particular, for extra-root foliar nutrition of plants containing magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen and possibly also potassium, calcium, trace elements, vitamins, growth regulators and dye. According to the invention, the fertilizer in 100 parts by weight of the final product contains 2.5 to 24.9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate and 0.5 to 24.9 parts by weight of urea. It has been found that on the basis of the ternary system MgSO ₄ - CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ - water it is possible to prepare liquid N - Mg - S fertilizers of solution type with a high content of plant nutrients even with a lower proportion of nitrogen component. temperatures. It was also found that at constant temperature the dry matter content of the mixed N-Mg-S solution was higher than the dry matter content of the saturated aqueous magnesium sulfate solution. This can be documented by the data in the table that characterizes the composition of the liquid phase of the MgSO /, - CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ - water system at 0 ° C.

Folder resp. parameter % By weight of anhydrous components Urea (NH _{2) 2,} magnesium sulfate, MgSO ,; Water H ₂ O Dry matter MgSO ₄ : CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ratio: Content - nitrogen (% N) - magnesium (% MgO) - sulfur (% S) Weight ratio N: MgO 40.3 59.7 40.3 18.8 21.31 78.69 21.31 7.14 5.68 20.69 21.29 58.02 41.98 1.03 9.65 7.13 5.67 1.35 10.57 21.19 68.24 31.76 2.00 4.93 7.10 5.65 0.69 7.98 21.65 70,37 29,63 2.71 3.72 7.25 5.77 0.51 2.68 21.73 75.59 24.41 8.11 1.25 7.28 5.79 0.17

It has further been found that the addition of certain chelates or organic complexes of iron, media, manganese, zinc and cobalt to the prepared Mg-S-N solution according to the invention allows the preparation of liquid type fertilizers characterized by a significant high concentration of nutrients. It has been experimentally confirmed that the concentration of metal cations added in said complex forms is sufficiently high even for the curative elimination of deficiencies of any of the secondary or trace plant nutrients.

It has also been shown that vitamins (mainly group B, usually thiamine or aneurine), growth promoters (auxins, gibberellins, kinins, etc.) can be added to fertilizers prepared on the basis of Mg-S-N solution, magnesium sulfate and urea. .) and also some dyes, preferably food grade.

It has also been experimentally confirmed that the liquid fertilizer-basic Mg-S-N solution can be relatively easily prepared by decomposing a suitable magnesium-containing raw material (magnesite, technical so-called soft-burned magnesium oxide, trapped magnesite furnace and the like) with sulfuric acid and subsequent adjustment. the desired ratio between magnesium and amide nitrogen, by the addition of urea.

The following examples illustrate but do not limit the invention.

Example 1

The liquid fertilizer of the invention was prepared under laboratory conditions by this procedure. In a 2500 cm ³ sulfonation flask equipped with a stirrer, an in-line cooler, a dropping funnel and a thermometer (0 - 150 ° C), 1607.75 g of so-called technical magnesium oxide were added. brick meal. Then 500.5 g of industrial sulfuric acid containing 96.9% MH - H ₂ SO _{4 were} successively fed with cooling and condensation of the released water vapor through the condenser. The feed rate of the sulfuric acid was controlled by the temperature of the reaction mixture so as to maintain it in the range of 98-105 ° C. The average rate of acid addition was 9.1 g. min ^-1 . After all the acid was added, the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Next, 36 g of granular urea was added to the reaction mixture and, after dissolution, 25.5 g of a 1% aqueous Separan flocculant solution.

After the addition of the flocculant, the reaction mixture was stirred for a further 2 minutes and then allowed to settle freely. After an hour of free sedimentation, the clarified Mg-S-N solution forming the upper layer was withdrawn by means of a vacuum pump.

In this way, about 2000 g of liquid fertilizer of the solution type was prepared, characterized as follows:

- magnesium content: 7.96% MgO - sulfur content: 6.34% S - amide content. nitrogen: 0.67% N - specific gravity at 25 ° C: 1280.8 kg. m ^-3

-pH (25 ° C): 8.5 - stability of the fertilizer at low temperature - clearing point: - 4.9 ° C.

The liquid Mg-S-N fertilizer prepared as described above was used for foliar fertilization of agricultural crops.

Claims (2)

Liquid fertilizer suitable, in particular, for off-root - foliar plant nutrition, containing magnesium, sulfur, nitrogen and, where appropriate, potassium, calcium, trace elements, vitamins, growth regulators and coloring agent, characterized in that it contains in 100 parts by weight of the final product: 2.5 to 24.9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 to 24.9 parts by weight of urea.