CS220583B1 - Method of checking and controlling processes in reactors for partial fuel oxidation - Google Patents

Description

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K3JioaeHze cymecTBa z3odpeTeHZH - B ochos Η3θόρβτθΗΖΗ nojioseHa 3anaaa pa3padoTKZ nponecca znpzcnocoóJieHZH c πομοηββ κοτορηχ Moshe κοητροληροβθτβ TeMnepaTypab peaKpzoHHofi KaMepe peaKTopa ηθοτζήηογο OKHCJieHZH SojroconepKauiHXranczx zjiz ιπμθβζπηηχ TBepnax toiuizb of XOH peaznzz, zcnojiL3OBaTLnojryneHHHe HPH 3aMepax βθ ^ ιζήζηη hjih ynpaBJíeHza nponeccoM from subtracting πθηζτβ ποοτθτοηηο HJiZTejiBHHe οροκζ cjiysda H3MepzTejiBHoro ycTpoz-CTBa. K3odpeTeHze npe.HHa3HaaeH0 .miz peaKTopoB, peaKnzoHHan KaMe-pa κοτορκχ ozpy &amp; eHa oxjiasHawcM SKpaHOM, nepe3 κοτορηζ npoTezaeToxjia & nannaH cpe.na. - CorzacHO z30dpeTeHzio, nocTaBJíeHHaz 3anaaa pemaeTcn τβκζμ evaporating 3om, hto b e.nzHZny BpeMeHZ ζ3Μθρζβτοη it kojizboctbo those koto-POE nepenaeTcn oxjiaananneá cpe.ne, nzpKyjizpyxmez b OKpyaaraneM peak-nzoHHyB KaMepy oxjiaxnaiomeM 3KpaHe zjiz b o.hhoS Z3 ero aacTeži zhto b hundred KOJiznecTBO those e.nzHzny BpeMeHZ zcnojEb3yeTCH κβκ Mepa - 4 - HJifl H3MepeHHS cpe.UHeft TeMnepaTypu b peaKUHOHHofí: KaMepe hjih b oh-ee 3oh HOS H3, KOTopofi cooTBeTCTByeT HacTL oxnaHnaranero SKpaHah / hhh HcnojH »3yeTc.H .huh ynpaBJíeHHH nponeccoM, b nacTHocTH HHH-yn paBJíeHHH TeMnepaTypož b peaKUHOHHot KaMepe ιιγτβΜ ζ3ΜβΗβΗΗΗ COOt HomeHHH no.naBaeMHx b peaKTop KOJnreecTB cBodo.HHoro KHCJiopo.ua the H-JIHBa e.KHHHHy ΒρβΜβΗΗ η b / HJIH HCH0JIB3yeTCH HJIH HO.HKJimeHHH CHCl-MU aBapH0HOrO OTKJWHSHHH. . H3oópeTeHHe Haxo.HHT πρΗΜβΗβΗΗβ npeHMymecTBeHHO b peaKTopax, y ko-TOpux OKpysaniee peaKiHOHHyio KaMepy oxxa & naniftó ar.paH Tpyd-naTyio KOHCTp yKHHio, cocTOjnuyB H3 o.HHoft ηηη hockojibehx napajuieJiLHOBKJECraeHHHX TpytíOUpOBO.KHHX HHTOK, HaHOJIHeHHHX ΒΟβΟΖ., ^ ΠρθΗΜ βΟΤ-ΒΘΗΗΟ HaHOpHOfi BO.HOS B ΚβΗβΟΤΒβ OXJiaKna «S Cpe.HH, ΠρΗΊβΜ MaKCHMa-jiBHaH TeMnepaTypa bo.hh nonnepjKHBaeTCH HHae TeMnepaTypu κηηθηηη npncymecTByroineM b TpydonpoBonHoft ηητκθ naBJieHHH. B θτομ cjiynae kojih-necTBO bo.hu, nonaBaeMoe b Ty hjih HHyio HHTKy oxjia &amp; b Nawka Tpyd .e.nHHHiiy ΒρβΜβΗΗ, H3MepseTCH Η3ΒβοτΗΗΜΗ MeTO.naMH and B TeMnepaTypaBO.HU OXJiasmanneá Tpyde Η3ΜβρΗβΤ0Η B HeCKOJIBKHX, KaK mhhhmjtm bHByx MecTax, pacnpenejieHHHX no flJiHHe oxjiaayiaiaqet Tpyd. Upn 3tomnpoH3Beij; ehhe πο, ΠΒβπβΗΗοΐΌ b e.nHHimy ΒρβΜβΗΗ KOjmnecTBa bo.hu hpa3HočTH TeMnepaTyp HanopHofi bo.hu HcnojiL3yeTCH Kaz Mepa cpe.nHeSTeMnepaTypu Ha HaxonHiqeMCH Mew sthmh τοήκθμη 3auepH TeMnepaTy-pu ynacTKe peaKixnoHHoá KaMepu h / hjih πρΗΜβΗΗβτοη .Our ynpaBJíeHHHnponeccoM h / hjih .hjih no.HKjnoneHHH cncTeMU aBapH & ioro οτκμήθηηη.

CorJiaCHO Η300ρβΤβΗΗΚ) ΒρβΜΗ CpaóaTUBaHHH- npHCnOCOÓJieHHH πρη Η3ΜΘ-ηθηηηχ cyinecTByrmeH b peaKHHOHHoS KaMepe TeMnepaTypu ynHBHTejiL-ho κοροτκοβ KOJieóJieTCH · h b is about HHana30He, HTO e .hjih cxeM τβρ Monapo-b nonoÓHux peaKTopax, padoTasninx Ha npaKTircecKH de330JiLHUxra300Ópa3Hux. hjih jehhkhx TomiHBax, Jípyroe npeHMymecTBO nponeccacorjiacHO H3odpeTeHHB 3aKjnoHaeTCH b that HTO cHTHaJi, nojiynaeMuS bHnana30He upencTaBJíjnoniHX τβΧΗΗΗβοκΗδ ΗΗτβρβο TeMnepaTyp peak-UHOhhož KaMepu npeBumaicQiHX TeMnepaTypu iuiaBJíeHHH tohjihbhoé 3ojiu, 3HaHHTejIBH0 paCTHHyT Η T3KHM 0dpa30M BeCLMa HyBCTBHTeJieH K-H3Me ηθηηημ b npoTeKaHHH npoiíecca. - 5 - ΗβΟΜΟΤρΗ Ha TOs HTO CHOCOÓ Η3ΜβρβΗΗΗ, COIUiaCHO Η3Ο0ρβΤβΗΗΚ) Ηθ.HaeT B03M0HH0CTH onpe.HejieHHH aócojnoTHHX 3HaneHHfi TeMnepaTyp bpeaKiízoHHofi KaMepe, NPN ποοτοηηηοη xapaKTepzcTHKe miaBJíeHHH τοπ-jihrhož 30Jm, BCE cymecTByeT nocTaTO ^ mo ynoBJíeTBopHTejiLHaH κορ-pejiHUHOHHaH CBH3B Mexny cnrHaJiOM h cpe.UHeTaTaTaTaT bBotCot-BeTCTBynneS 30He peaKnnoHHon KaMepa.

Ecjih h3mshh6Tch TeMnepaTypa miaBJíeHHH tohjihbhoS: 3ojm, a b-NPEN CTaBJDwmeM HHTepec .hjih Be.neHHH nponecca .nzana3OHe TeMnepaTyppeaKUHH BHme TeMnepaTypa nztaBJíeHHH tohjihbhoh 3ojih οτηθοθηηθη konpe.nejieHHOMy ypoBHE nojiyneHHoro cHraaJia adcojwTHaH TeMnepaTypab peaKiiHOHHOž KaMepe cMemaeTCH b ate it HanpaBJíeHHH η npndJiH3HTe-jt &amp; him Ha Ty se BejnmHHy, ητο η Η3ΜβΗβΗΗβ TeMnepaTypa miaBJíeHHHTommBHoft 3ojih. Tako HOBe.neHHe OóycjiOBJíeHO τθμ, ητο HanpHMep, NPN noBanieHHn TeMnepaTypa miaBJíeHHH 3ojih npmmnaniiaH κ oxjiamiaiomeMy SKpaiiy nutaKOBan κορκ3 οτθηοβητοη Tojnqe h o.wiaKOBoe kojih-necTBO Temna dyneT b τθκομ cjiynae nepe.naBaTLcn oxjiaamanqeH CPE not JfflfflB NPN ycjioBHH noBameHHH TeMnepaTypa b peaKnnoHHon KaMepe .3το ηθ ΗΒΛΗβτοΗ Ηβ.ηοοτθτκοΜ. JlonycTHMaH .hjih de3ynpenHoS sKcmiya- “Tainm MHHHMaJiBHaH TeMnepaTypa b peaKixnoHHoÉ KaMepe, kbk npaBHJio, οπρβ.ηθΛΗθτοη TeMnepaTypoS 3aTBepneBaHHH pacmtaBJiKKHHx nwaKOB.

Ecjih TeMnepaTypa miaBJíeHHH ποβηοητοη, to Heodxo.nzMO b οοοτΒβτοτ-Bynqež Mepe yBejmoTL TeMnepaTypes b peaKBHOHHoS KaMepe. B odonxcJiynaHX, o.nHaKO, nojiyneHHan corjiacHO HacTonmeMy H3odpeTeHHW cht-Haji ocTaHeTca οιϊηηθκοβημ. Ero Moxhe, tskhm odpa3OM, HcnojiL3OBaTBh npn MeHHianHXCH xapaKTepncTHKax miaBJíeHHH tohjihbhoh 3ojih henna-cpencTBeHHo juih ynpaBJíeflHH nponeccoM b nacTHOCTH IYW ycTaHOBJíe-hhh h cooTHomeHHH KHCJiopo.ua TomiHBa, KOTopoe 0Ka3HBaeT Peinado-mee BJiHHHHe Ha TeMnepaTypHaS pexHM b peaKBHOHHoS KaMepe. IlpnynpaBjíenHH nponeccoM rivet Henocpe.ncTBeHHoro H3MepeHHH TeMnepa-Typa peaKBHOHHoS KaMepa cjie.noBajio da nonojiHHTejiBHO odecnenHBaTBTeKymnH KOHTpojn, xapaKTepHCTHKH miaBJíeHHH 3ojih .hjih τογο, HTodaHe nonycTHTL 3aMep3aHHH peaKTopa 3acTHBinHM nuiaKOM b cjiynae H3 ΜβΗβΗΗΗ XapaKTepHCTHKH miaBJíeHHH 30JIH. - 6 -

Ocodoe npeHMymecTBO Z30dpeTeHZH b 3aKJEDHaeTCH flow HTO rtpH COOt BeTCTBynueM ΟφορΚΜΘΗΖΖ OHO He TOJIBKO HO3BOJIH6T KOHTpOJIEpOBaTL · cpe.uHno BejnmzHy TeMnepaTypu peaKixnoHHoÉ KaMepu him from πο3βοληθτonpesejiHTB TeMnepaTypy OT.nejiLHHx ee 3OH Nyree oT.nejn> Horo z3MepeHZHkojizhsctb Tenna nepe.naBaeMHX Ha pa3JiznHHe ynacTKZ oxjiaHsannero3KpaHa. IÍ3odpeTeHze Haxo.nzr npezMymeoTBeHHoe npzMeHeHze cbh3z b-c peaKTO paMZ, peaKHHOHHaH zaMepa κοτορπχ OKpyseHa oxHaxuaxmzM SKpaHOM bbot TpyónaTOÉ KOHCTpyKiw, cocToameš H3 oshož zjiz HecKOJiLKZxnapa.uiejii> HHX TpydHHX hztok, one hundred tons npzneM oxHassaioozHÉ aicpaH padoTa-βτ on Bone npezMymecTBeHHO Hanopnož Bo.ne , MaKCZMajiBHaH TeMnepa-Typa kotopo no.nnepsHBaeTCH ξζηθ τοήκζ κζπθηζη. -

Hazdojiee ynanHoe .kjih peaKTopa .naHHoro Tzna zcnojmeHze Z3OÓpeTe ~ hzh OTJnreaeTCH cjie.nynuzMH npz3HaKaMz:

Ho Kpatez Mepe oima Z3 napa je jee> hhx, cbzthx b MHoro3axQ £ Hyio cnz-pajn> jrpyd cHadaeHa ycTpoScTBOM. .kjih z3MepeHZH pacxosa-zaiopHOH-BOjm, npoTeKaBe biejomzny BpeMeHH. B xoponio .nocTynnoM MecTe

KaK zpaBHJio, βηθ Kopnyca peaKTopa nepe3 npzro.AHHe, z3BecTHHeΓβρΜΘΤΖΉΗΗβ npOXO.HH BCTaBJLHDTCH ΤβρΜΟΠθρΗ pa3JIZHH0ft JtOZHH, Πρβ-b HMymecTBeHHO BZfle tohkhx TepMOnap nexjiaMz c, b c cooTBeTCTBym ^ pDTpydy Takhte pacneTOM, .htoóh odecneHZBanuze TemroBoe HanpHseHzeMecTa cnazKH ηθχοεοηοβ b pa3MemeHHoz BHyTpz of peaKTopa ajpapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapapaOMOMOMOMZZpaZZZZZZZZZ. B οοοτβθτοτβζζ c H3odpeTeHzeM, ynoMHHyTHe TepMonapnMoryT dHTB BBe.neHH b cooTBeTc.TByEmyio Tpydy what οτοροΗΗ Bxo.na, bh-xo.na zjiz c odezx οτοροΗ. Hazdojiee y.nanHo zcnojmenze TepMO the viewing-b until a pH CBH3HBaioTCH nynoK npznoMomz rzdnofi npoBOJioKZ zjiz κ3Η8τζκ3, npzneM zpoBOJiona zjiz κθηθτηκ oxBaTHBaET BCD .ujmHy Tpyda of nocjieΟΤΚρΗΒβΗΖΗ ΓβρΜβΤΖΉΗΗΧ ΠρΟΧΟβΟΒ Ήβρβ3 CTeHKy TpydH MOiyT CJiyHZTLthtobhm KanaTZKOM .ujih odecneneHZH dncTpoĚ ομθηη Nynke TepMOnap, npzneM OTna ^ AET Heotíxo .uzMOCTB οτκρΗΒ3ΗΖΗ peaKTopa b ijejioM. - 7 -

TepMonapa Ballad óhtl H3bccthhm 0Ópa30M no.munneHH .npyr κ apyryTaK, HTO OTflaBaeMoe οοοτβθτοτβθηηο HanpnxeHEe ηβεηθτοη Meponpa3H0CTH TeMnepaTypu HanopHoz βολή marginal οοοτβθτοτβθηηο λβ ^ γμητοηκθμε 3aMepa, npezMymecTBeHHo Me &amp; NY .UByMH οοοθλξημε μθοτθμε 3aMepa. TH TH. M TH TH m TH TH M M M M M M BH BH BH BH BH BH BH BH 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Εληηηε CET-amino Grove KpaáHež Mepe οληογο ynacTKa TpyÓH ιιολοβηθη κ npnóopy che THBaHHH-H / OH κ οεοτθμθ ynpaBJíeHEH MRA ycTaHOBJíeHEH οοοτηοπιθηηηKHCJiopo n, and ε e TomiEBa / εηε κ οεοτθμθ aBapEĚHoro οτκλέηθηεη.

HCHOjmeHEH Π3Ο0ρβΤβΗΕβ HOHCHH6TCH Ha ΟΛΘ, ΠΤΚΕξΗΧ ΠρΕΠβρβΧ ECHOJEH6HEH E EJMS> -CTpEpyeTCH Ha pEcyHKax 1-5, rne pne. I: H0Ka3HBaeT cxeMy ycTaHOBKH H3MepHTejn> H0Ě annapaTypnmis peaKTopa, oxjiamxaw ^ axpaH κοτσροec coctoet E3HecKOjr &amp; 2: noKa3HBaeT oójnmoBKy TpyóHOĚ οτθηκε η30εβηοη Maccon nnuraKOM, pne. 3: noKa3imaeT CBH3L TeMnepaTypn b peaKHEOHHOH naMepe c ot-H0CET6JE & HHM 3Η3ΗβΗΕβΜ Ηρ0Ε3Ββ.ΛβΗΕΗ HOΕΗβΟΤΒΘ HaHOpHOHBO. 4: ιιοκ33ΗΒ3βτ cxeMy Ε3ΜβρΕΤβπΒΗ0Ε annapaTypa mra peaKTopa, oxnaamawcH 3KpaH κοτοροΓΟ ΕΜββτ $ opMy μηογοβθχο.ληοκcmípajiH E3 HecKOJn> KHX napajraejn 5: Π0Κ33ΗΒ3βΤ £ eTaJE> CX6MH ρ33ΜβϋξβΗΕΗ TepMOEap COTJiaCHOPEC.4. - 8 -

ΠρΕeβρ ECnOJIHeHHH I

PeaKTop ycTaHOBKE jyis nacTEHHoro oKECJieHEH dypoyrojiLHot muinTexHiraecKHM kecjiopo.hom npn naHJHHHH 4 MHa corjiacHO pne. I coc-toet H3 Hapysmoro cocy.ua βηοοκογο naBJíeHEH I, b κοτοροΜ pacnojio-ηθηη npyr Han npyroM ηθοκολβκο nnjiHHnpHHecKH cbethx 3μθθβηκοβ2, πρΗΗθΜ, K3K noKastmaeT pne. 2, Tpyda Ha οτοροΗβ, odpameHHoSκ oce peaKTopa, CHadateHa oraeynopHoS HatíEBHoS waccoí 3. CTajn> -Hue πΐΗΠΗ 4 Ha ποΒβρχΗοοτη Tpyda nojweposHBaDT HaÓEBHyio Maccy. CHadΗβΗΗΗβ HaÓEBHOÍi Maccož 3ΜββΒΕΚΕ OKpy &amp; ABT COdCTBeHHO peaKHEOHHyiDKaMepy 5 β κοτοροϋ npn bhcokoe TeMnepaType ocymecTBJíHeTCH npeB-panjeHEe ποηβοπεμηχ nepe3 ropejncy 6 CPE # - dypoyrojiLHofi nam TezHEHecKoro icECJiopo.ua (b Hedojr &amp; MOM KOJuraecTBe) e βοηηηογο napa.TonjmBHaH 30Jia pacwiaBJíHeTCH β ρθθκεηοηηοε KaMepe. HacTK hehkoě3ojih 3aKpemiHeTCH Ha odpa3OBaHHofi 3aMypoBaHHHME 3μθθβεκ3με 2-οτβ ηθ peaKimoHHOE KaMepa e odpa3yeT nuiaKOByio Kopka 7 .upyran nacTBodpasyeT Tenynyio nuiaKOBys oemey 8 Ha κορκβ 7 cTeicajanyro bhe3 enonanaiamys) BMEC O BapadoTaHHHM CAPA ra30M nepe3 βηχοπηοθ OT-ΒβροτΕθ 9 E3 peaKTopa e no. HKJnrceHHae y3jm οχηθ &amp; ηθηεη e ohectke.JUh OZJiazneHEH 3MeeBHICE HaHOJIHfflOTCH BOflOfi, KOJIEHeCTBO κοτοροί YC-TaHaBjfflBaeTCH so HTOda MaKCEMajiLHaff TeMnepaTypa bo.hh ocTaBajiacBHrne Tohko κεπθηεη npn cymecTBywM b Tpyde naBJíeHEE. Pacxo.no-MepOM ΙΟ Ε3ΜθρΗΘΤ0Η ΠρθΤβΚ3ΚίΠβθ B e.HEHEIiy ΒρθΜΘΗΕ KOJIEffeCTBO βο-ΠΗ - Ha pne. I θτο ποκ333Ηο us οπηογο oxjiasnaioiiiero 3MeeBmca.

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Ka. HHHHyTa BnpaBO Ha 200 K. ΠρΗΜθρ HCnOJIHeHHH 2 Πρπ .npyroM, ποκ333ηηομ Ha pne. 4 BHne HcnojrHeHHH oxjiasnaeMoroHanopnoH bo.hož peaKTopa, HecKOJiLKO napajuiejiLHO no.HBe.neHHHX Tpyd22 CBHTH MH0r03aX0.HHyK B) IHLKHHHpHHeCKyE) CHHpaJIL, pacnojioseHHyio - ΙΟ - β HapyjKHOM cocy.ne βηοοζογο jxaBJíeHZH I odMypoBaHHyio Ha-odpameH ηοζ from OCZ peazTopa οτοροΗβ oraeynopHoS HadzBHOÉ MaccoS of odpasyio-myio odojionzy peaznzoHHoft zaMepn fifth ítaize of BepxHze zoheh OTjxejiL HHX-Tpytí repMeTHHHO bhbqhhtch naTpydzaMZ 23 .2510 nepe3 of zpnnizy cocyna βηοοζογο .naBJíeHHH odpa3yBT πρζτοζ I from II in otbo # 12 οοοτβθτ-CTBywS TpydH.

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Pop MecTa cnafizz 26 θτζχ TepMonap on paBHOMepHHx paccTOHHZHXpacnpejxejreHH no Bceft HaxoaameScH BHyTpz peazTopa jyizHe οοοτβθτοτ-BywS TpydH. Pa3H0CTB TewioBHX HanpazeHzS οοοτβθτοτβθηηο otxcoce.nHzx TepMonap nepeftaeTCH to ycTpožcTBO JMA npeodpa3OBaHzaΗ3Μ6ρθΗΗΗΧ ΒβΖΖΗΖΗ 15th OcTaJEbHaH ΟΧβΜΘ COOTBeTCTByeT HpHMepy ZC-nojníeHHH I. This CAWO othocztch η to cbh3z TeMnepaTypa peaz b-c uzohhož zaMepe οτηοοζτθ, πβηημ 3HaneHzeM nojiyHeHHoro b ycTpozcT-Be JMA npeodpa3OBaHHH z3MepeHHHX BezzazH 15 czTHajia zaz npoz3-βθλθηζη pacxo.na HanopHofi bo.hh β e.nzHzny BpeMgHz of pa3H0CTZ τθμ-nepaTypa.

Kaz bzse ZJ pzc. 5 TepMonapH b Hexzax 25 coe.nzHeHH bnyzoK HPH zomodíz TOHKoro cTajiBHoro Tpoczza 27 czod 31st CTajn »-Hofi τροοζζ pacnojrozeH well BCES jyizHe TpydH ZB xopomo .nocTynHOMμθοτθ 3azpemieH sepaaTejie Ha 29 Ha 28 b naTpydze BepxHeM zoHneTpydu 22 BHS cocy.ua βηοοζογο .naBJíeHZH peazTopa I. IlaTpydoz 28c jxepsaTejieM 3azpHT zpmuzoz 30. Coe.zzHeHze b nynoz tohzzx Tep-Monap β do not wash it. I mm z ct3Jibhoz τροοζζ oóecnenzBaiOTaocTaTOHHyx) MexaHzneczyio ycTOZHZBOCTB cxeMH from Harpy3zaM, BH3H-BaeMHM TeneHzeM HanopHofi bo.hh β Tpyóe. Cpoz cnysdH cxeMH Tep-Monap HBJiaeTCH ynoBJiTBopHTejiLHHM. O.UHOBpeMeHHO cTaJiBHOÉ cpncTBOM npz MOHTaze znz 3aMeHenyaza TepMonap.

ΦΟΡΙΜΑ Η30ΕΡΕΤΕΗΚΗ I. Μβτο.ΐξ κοητρολη η ynpaBJíeHHH xo.hom nponecca b peaKTO-pax iyiff ηθοτηηηογο OKHCJieHHH 3OJioco.sepnainHX toilheb b κοτορηχpeaKiXHOHHas KaMepa OKpyseHa oxziannanííHM SKpaHOM b Buse TpyónaToS; KOHCTpyKijHH, cocTOHnen H3 oshoS MRA ηθοκολέκηχ napajiňejiLHKxTpyÓHHX ηητοκ, npiraeM 3T0T oxjiansaiairaS 3KpaH paóoTaeT C bokož, npeHMymecTBeHHo c HanopHoS boaoS h MaKCHMajrEHaH TeMnepaTypa bo ~ £ H nosseparaBaeTCfl HHne TeMnepaTypa κηπθηηη, oTJiHHaniraScH τθμ, ητο but £ BO £ HMoe no Kpatož Mepe no Osho ηητκθ oxjiassaianero SNPA-Ha b esHHzny BpeMeHH KOjranecTBo Bosa Η3ΜβρπβτοΗ jedóhm ysoÓHHM μθtosom, hto TeMnepaTypa βο.κη H3MepseTCH Ηβοκοπ Ha &amp; κζχ, but KpafiHežMepe SByx pacnpe.neJieHHHX but we TpyÓHon hhtkh MecTax, ητοonpesejiaeTCH npoH3BeseHHe ηολβο.κημογο b esmrany BpeMeHH kojih-necTBa Bosa h pa3H0CTH TeMnepaTypa BO.sa, 3aMepeHHož Ha £ Byx, npenMym eoTBeHHo SByx coce.SHHX MecTax 3aMepa TeMnepaTypa saHHofíTpyÓHon hhtkh h hto 3to προΗ3Ββ θΗΗβ £ £ HcnojiB3yeTCH K3K Mepa ΗΗcpezjieH TeMnepaTypa Ha ynacTKe peaKiraoHHoS KaMepa, οτηθοθηηομk ynacTKy TpyÓHoS hhtkh Mensa cooTBeTCTByHmEMH MecTaMH 3aMepaTeMnepaTypa h / hjih Hcnojn »3yeTCH .mra ynpaBJíeHHH nponec.coM, B -cthocth MRA ynpaBJíeHHH TeMnepaTypofi b peaKHHOHHofi KaMepe nyreM0Κ333ΗΗΗ Β03 Ha £ βΗ0ΤΒΗΗ COOTHOmeHHe ΠΟ ΒΟ £ £ ΗΜΗΧ peaKTOpy K b β £ Η-HHny BpeMeHH KOjranecTB cBOóo.nHoro KHCJioposa TomraBa h h / hjihjuh nepexosa Ha cncTeMy aBapnfiHoro OTKjmneHHH.

! Second HpHcnocoóJieHHe MRA ocynecTBJíeHHH MeTo.na corjiacHO nyHKTa peaKTopax I Ha, peaKiíHOHHaH KaMepa κοτορηχ oKpyseHa ox ~ jiansaianHM eapaHOM b BHse TpyónaTofi KOHCTpyKinra, cocTomnefi H3o.shož MRA HecKOJE &amp; KHX napajniejiLHHX TpytíHax ηητοκ h MaKCHMajiBHaflTeMnepaTypa βο.κη b κοτορηχ nossepnHBaeTCH mane TeMnepaTypa Kzne -hhh, OTjranaKHneecH τθμ, ητο TpyÓHaH ηητκβ MRA napaJuiejiLHae Tpyó-Hae hhtkh cbhtk b MHoro3axo £ Hye cirapajiL, HTO Tpyóamra no Kpafi H H € Mepe o.KHa H3 napajraeJiBHO βκπκηθηηηχ Tpyó cHaóneHa H3MepHTe-jibhhm ycTpožcTBOM sjih · 3aMepa npoTeKannero b esmrany BpeMeHHnepen Tpyóy KOjranecTBa bo.sh, HTO b xopomo socTynHOM μθοτθ, κβκnpaBmio, βηθ Kopnyca peaKTopa nepe3 H3BecTHafi b npHHirane repMe-thhhhh npoxo.sb cooTBeTCTBynnyio Tpyóy BBeseHH τοηκηθ TepMonapa, -1Z - npeHMymecTBeHHo β εζηθ τοηκηχ TepMonap β nexjie, pa3jmHHo2 λςεηηη, πρζηβΜ jyiHHa TepMonap paccnzTaHa Τ3Κ, ητ MECT cnatei, odecne-qHBannHe τθεηοβοθ HanpHseHze, pacnpe.nejieHH no ynacTKy οοοτβθτοτ-Byramez Tpyďn, HaxoímmeMy Βίψτρζ peaKTopa, HTO jeehhh bhxoíhhxcHTHajiOB H3MepHTejcbHoro ycTpoficTBa jyia KOJnraecTBa fight h Kpaz amino-Hee Mepe £ Byx TepMonap pa3JiznHoS jphhh coe.UHHeHK c ycTpoHCTBOMjyin npeoópa3OBaHHH H3MepeHHux BejnrazH , HanpHMep c JiorznecKoficxeMož, odBe.nHHmomefi; nocTynaunze CHTHajni τθκ, HTO nojiynasT ojiehHJffl HeCKOJE &amp; CO ΒΗΧΟβΗΗΧ CHTHaJIOB ΠρΟΠΟρΠΗΟΗΘΛΒΗΟ ΠρθΗ3Β6 £ ΘΗΗΚnpoTeKannero b ejjzHHny ΒρθΜβΗΗ KOjmnecTBa fight h pasHOc.TH τβιυιο-BHX HanpsseHHS οοοτΒθτοτΒβΗΗΟ ojíhoS Napa TepMonap h HTO jehhhh (™ jehhhh) bhxoshkx cHraaJiOB ynoMHHyToro ycTpoScTBa juih npeodpa-30B3HHH Η3ΜθρθΗΗΗΧ H JEHHHH ΟΟβΣζΗΗΘΗΗ C Η0Κ33ΗΒ3ΗΙΙξΠΜ HpHCnOCOdJie-ηηθμ h / hhh cHCTeMofi ynpaBJieHHH nponeccoM h / hhh czcTeMoS and Bapzz-HOTO OTKJimeHHH. *

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Claims (2)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION A process for controlling and controlling a process in reactors for the partial oxidation of ash-containing fuels in which the reaction space is surrounded by a tubular structure cooling jacket consisting of one or more parallel tubes, wherein the cooling jacket uses water as cooling fluid, preferably pressure water, and the maximum water temperature being kept below the boiling temperature, characterized in that the amount of water supplied per unit of time by any suitable method is measured in at least one coolant tube, the temperature of the water being measured at several, at least two locations located along the length of the tube, the amount of water supplied per unit of time and the difference in water temperature measured at two, preferably two adjacent, temperature measurement points on the specified tube is determined, and this product is used as the mean temperature value in the reaction space portion associated with part of the pipe between the respective and / or used to control the process, in particular to control the temperature in the reaction space by varying the amount of free oxygen and fuel supplied to the reactor per unit of time and / or used in the transition to an emergency protection system. An apparatus for carrying out the process according to item 1 in reactors whose reaction space is surrounded by a cooling jacket tube structure formed by one or more parallel tubes, in which the maximum temperature is lower than the boiling temperature, characterized in that the tube or parallel tubes are wound into a multi-threaded spiral, that the tube or at least one of the parallel tubes is equipped with a measuring device for measuring the amount of water flowing through the tube at a time, in a well-accessible place, routed into a tubular thermocouple in a known manner through a hermetic passage preferably thin ter the shells in the sheath, the thermocouples are of different lengths, the length of the thermocouples being selected such that the brazing points providing temperature stress are distributed over a portion of the tube inside the reactor so that the output signals of the measuring device for the amount of water and at least two cells of different length are connected to the device for transforming the measured variables, for example with a logic circuit connecting the input signals, to obtain one or more output signals proportional to the product of the amount of water flowing through the unit of time and the difference in thermal voltage corresponding to one pair of thermocouples and that the initial signals of said device for transforming the measured quantities are connected with an appropriate value indicator and / or process control system and / or emergency protection system · 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermocouples are connected to a bundle located inside the tube by a flexible wire or wire, wherein the elastic wire or cable extends along the entire length of the tube and is fixed to the accessible location. preferably in closed nozzles located at the inlet and outlet of the respective tube, usually an off-reactor 5 Recognized by the invention based on the results of the expert review by the Office of Invention and Patenting, Berlin, DD