CS225148B2 - The production of dichloroethane - Google Patents
The production of dichloroethane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS225148B2 CS225148B2 CS818682A CS868281A CS225148B2 CS 225148 B2 CS225148 B2 CS 225148B2 CS 818682 A CS818682 A CS 818682A CS 868281 A CS868281 A CS 868281A CS 225148 B2 CS225148 B2 CS 225148B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- dichloroethane
- reaction
- chlorine
- hydrogen chloride
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC=CCl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- -1 1,1-dichloroethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- HFHFGHLXUCOHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1F HFHFGHLXUCOHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHXWDVNBYKJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-nitroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C[N+]([O-])=O RGHXWDVNBYKJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000006494 2-trifluoromethyl benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- BIZOXJNLMAITOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=O)=O.[C]=O.CC Chemical compound C(=O)=O.[C]=O.CC BIZOXJNLMAITOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001342895 Chorus Species 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWTWMANZJMRBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].C=Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound [Cl].C=Cc1ccccc1 MWTWMANZJMRBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HAORKNGNJCEJBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyprodinil Chemical compound N=1C(C)=CC(C2CC2)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 HAORKNGNJCEJBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/013—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens
- C07C17/02—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens to unsaturated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/15—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination
- C07C17/152—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination of hydrocarbons
- C07C17/156—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens with oxygen as auxiliary reagent, e.g. oxychlorination of hydrocarbons of unsaturated hydrocarbons
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803044854 DE3044854A1 (de) | 1980-11-28 | 1980-11-28 | "verfahren zur herstellung von 1,2-dichlorethan" |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS225148B2 true CS225148B2 (en) | 1984-02-13 |
Family
ID=6117807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS818682A CS225148B2 (en) | 1980-11-28 | 1981-11-25 | The production of dichloroethane |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0053335B1 (no) |
| JP (1) | JPS57120536A (no) |
| BR (1) | BR8107730A (no) |
| CS (1) | CS225148B2 (no) |
| DD (1) | DD201138A5 (no) |
| DE (2) | DE3044854A1 (no) |
| ES (1) | ES8205740A1 (no) |
| HU (1) | HU188556B (no) |
| MX (1) | MX158871A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO154547C (no) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3226042A1 (de) * | 1982-07-12 | 1984-01-12 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,2-dichlorethan |
| DE3326090A1 (de) * | 1983-07-20 | 1985-01-31 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Verfahren zur erwaermung von reaktionsluft fuer die oxy-chlorierung von aethylen |
| DE3604968A1 (de) * | 1985-02-19 | 1986-08-21 | Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo K.K., Osaka | Verfahren zur herstellung von dichlorethan |
| US4760207A (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-07-26 | B.F. Goodrich Company | Recovery of ethylene, chlorine and HCl from vented waste gas from direct chlorination reactor |
| RU2149154C1 (ru) * | 1998-03-16 | 2000-05-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Иркутский научно-исследовательский и конструкторский институт химического и нефтяного машиностроения" | Способ получения 1,2-дихлорэтана |
| DE19904836C1 (de) * | 1999-02-06 | 2000-08-31 | Krupp Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,2-Dichlorethan |
| ATE502058T1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2011-04-15 | Solvay | Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,2-dichlorethan |
| EP1831139A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-09-12 | Solvay SA | Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane |
| EA012446B1 (ru) * | 2004-12-23 | 2009-10-30 | Солвей (Сосьете Аноним) | Способ производства 1,2-дихлорэтана |
| AU2005318152B2 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2011-10-13 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane |
| FR2902784B1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 | 2008-09-05 | Solvay | Procede de fabrication de 1,2-dichloroethane |
| CN119059675B (zh) * | 2024-09-02 | 2025-11-04 | 万华化学(福建)异氰酸酯有限公司 | 氯乙烯的生产方法和生产装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL6706807A (no) * | 1967-05-17 | 1967-07-25 | ||
| DE1793051C3 (de) * | 1967-07-31 | 1978-12-07 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung der bei der Herstellung von 1,2-Dichloräthan durch Oxychlorierung von Äthylen anfallenden Umsetzungsgemische |
| DE2400417C3 (de) * | 1974-01-05 | 1979-05-03 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur Beseitigung des luftverschmutzenden Abgases bei der großtechnischen Synthese von Dichloräthan durch Oxychlorierung von Äthylen |
| DE2733502C3 (de) * | 1977-07-25 | 1980-09-25 | Wacker-Chemie Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,2-Dichloräthan aus Äthylen enthaltenden Restgasen, die aus einer Oxychlorierung stammen |
| DE2922375A1 (de) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-11 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von 1,2-dichlorethan |
-
1980
- 1980-11-28 DE DE19803044854 patent/DE3044854A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-11-21 DE DE8181109809T patent/DE3163678D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-11-21 EP EP81109809A patent/EP0053335B1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-11-23 ES ES507379A patent/ES8205740A1/es not_active Expired
- 1981-11-25 CS CS818682A patent/CS225148B2/cs unknown
- 1981-11-26 DD DD81235153A patent/DD201138A5/de unknown
- 1981-11-27 JP JP56189418A patent/JPS57120536A/ja active Pending
- 1981-11-27 MX MX190322A patent/MX158871A/es unknown
- 1981-11-27 HU HU813568A patent/HU188556B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-27 NO NO814047A patent/NO154547C/no unknown
- 1981-11-27 BR BR8107730A patent/BR8107730A/pt unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES507379A0 (es) | 1982-08-16 |
| EP0053335B1 (de) | 1984-05-16 |
| NO154547C (no) | 1986-10-15 |
| BR8107730A (pt) | 1982-08-31 |
| JPS57120536A (en) | 1982-07-27 |
| DD201138A5 (de) | 1983-07-06 |
| NO154547B (no) | 1986-07-07 |
| HU188556B (en) | 1986-04-28 |
| DE3044854A1 (de) | 1982-07-01 |
| NO814047L (no) | 1982-06-01 |
| MX158871A (es) | 1989-03-27 |
| ES8205740A1 (es) | 1982-08-16 |
| EP0053335A1 (de) | 1982-06-09 |
| DE3163678D1 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
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