CS226616B1

CS226616B1 - Method of and apparatus for measuring forces,especially on rotary clamps

Info

Publication number: CS226616B1
Application number: CS88881A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Mikulas Ing Csc Praznovsky
Original assignee: Praznovsky Mikulas
Priority date: 1981-02-06
Filing date: 1981-02-06
Publication date: 1984-04-16

Description

Vynález sa týká spfisobu merania sil najma na rotačných upínačoch a zariadenia na vykonáváni e tohoto spfisobu.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for measuring forces, in particular on rotary fixtures, and to a device for carrying out this method.

Pri meraní upínacích sil na rotačných upínačoch sa registruje ich účinok v smere rovnobežnom s ich smerom. Deformécie pružného člena sa známými spfisobmi mění na elektrický signál, ktorý sa potom vedie cez zariadenie na přenos měrných údajov z rotujúoeho vřetena do meracieho mostíka alebo zosilovača, ktorý potom vytvára signál úměrný meraným silám.When measuring clamping forces on rotary clamps, their effect is registered in a direction parallel to their direction. The deformation of the resilient member is transformed in known ways into an electrical signal, which is then passed through the measuring data transmission device from the rotating spindle to the measuring bridge or amplifier, which then produces a signal proportional to the forces being measured.

Nevýhodou tohoto spfisobu merania je to, že zariadenia pracujúce na tomto principe majú poměrně veTké priečne rozměry, čo sťažuje ich upnutie do čelustí s malou upínacou dížkou. Pri meraní upínacích sil za otáčok je potřebný převodník mechanickej veličiny na elektrické na ktorej přenos z rotujúceho vřetena na áalšie spracovanie sú potřebné přídavné zariadenia Pri dotykovom alebo bezdotykovom přenose elektrického signálu vždy vznikajú určité chyby merania.A disadvantage of this method of measurement is that the devices operating on this principle have relatively large transverse dimensions, making it difficult to clamp them in jaws with a small clamping length. When measuring the clamping forces per revolution, a mechanical-to-electrical converter is required for which transmission from the rotating spindle for further processing requires additional devices. Measurement errors always occur in contact or non-contact transmission of the electrical signal.

Uvedené nevýhody zmiernuje spfisob merania upínacích sil, najma na rotačných upínačoch podl’8 vynélezu, ktorého podstatou je, že sa meria velkost deformécie pružného prvku v smere v podstatě kolmom na směr meranej sily, pričom snímač deformécie je při meraní v statickej polohe.These disadvantages are alleviated by the method of measuring clamping forces, particularly on rotary clamps according to the invention, which is based on measuring the amount of deformation of the resilient element in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force to be measured, with the deformation sensor in static position.

Podstatou zariadenia na vykonanie spdsobu merania je, že deformačně teleso je v styku s aspoň jednou dotykovou plochou s upínacími plochami upínača, pričom deformačně teleso obsahuje prevodnikovú část, ku ktorej je přiložený snímač tak, že jeho směr merania je v podstatě kolmý na směr pfisobenia upínacích sil, pričom snímač deformécie je pri meraní za otáčok v statickej polohe.The device for performing the method of measurement is that the deformation body is in contact with at least one contact surface with the clamping surfaces of the fixture, the deformation body comprising a transducer portion to which the sensor is applied so that its measurement direction is substantially perpendicular to the clamping direction The deformation sensor is in a static position when measured per revolution.

SpSsob merania sil najma na rotačných upínačoch podlá vynálezu má výhodu v tom, že zariadenia pracujúce na tomto principe majú poměrně malé priečne rozměry, čo umožňuje ich upnutie aj do ČeTustí s malou upínacou dížkou. Při meraní za otáčok nie sú potřebné převodníky mechanickéj veličiny na elektrická a zariadenia na Salšie spracovávanie elektrického signálu. Ak sa napriek tomu póužijú takéto převodníky, nie je potřebné přenášet merané veličiny z rotujúceho vřetena, čím nevznikajú z tohto ddvodu chyby v meraní.The method of measuring forces, in particular on rotary clamps according to the invention, has the advantage that the devices operating on this principle have relatively small transverse dimensions, which allows them to be clamped into the clamps with a small clamping length. No mechanical-to-electrical transducers and more advanced electrical signal processing equipment are required for rotational measurements. However, if such transducers are used, it is not necessary to transmit the measured quantities from the rotating spindle, thereby causing no measurement errors.

Na priloženom výkrese sú znázorněné příklady vybudovania vynálezu, kde na obr. 1 je znázorněný najjednoduchá! příklad vybudovania vynálezu, na obr. 2 a obr. 3 sú znázorněné iné příklady vybudovania vynálezu.The attached drawing shows examples of the construction of the invention. 1 is shown in the simplest way! FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 illustrates other embodiments of the invention.

Příkladný spdsob merania sil na rotačných upínačoch je nasledujúci.An exemplary method of measuring forces on rotary clamps is as follows.

Do upínacích čelustí sklučovadla sa upne pružný prvok, ktorý po vyvodení upínacích sil sa deformuje, pričom táto deformácia je obecne priestorová. Kolmo na směr pdsobenia upínacích sil sa k pružnému prvku přiloží snímač dráhy, napr. číselníkový odchylkomer.The elastic element is clamped into the chuck jaws of the chuck, which is deformed when the clamping forces are applied, the deformation being generally spatial. A travel sensor, e.g. a travel sensor, is applied perpendicular to the direction of application of the clamping forces. dial offset.

Snímač dráhy meria velkost deformácie pružného prvku úmernej velkosti meranej upínacej sily. V případe, že snímač dráhy je umiestnený do osi rotácie sklučovadla, mdžeme merať velkost upínacej sily za rotácie bez potřeby zariadenia na přenos meraných veličin.The travel sensor measures the amount of deformation of the resilient member proportional to the size of the clamping force being measured. In the case that the displacement transducer is placed in the axis of rotation of the chuck, we can measure the size of the clamping force during rotation without the need for a device for transmitting the measured quantities.

Najjednoduehšie zariadenie na vykonanie spSsobu pozostáva z deformačného telesa 10 a snímača 20 (obr. 1). Na deformačnom telese £0, ktoré je v tomto případe totožné s prevodníkovou častou 12 sú vytvořené dotykové plochy 11 . ktoré slúžia na přenos meraných sil z upínača 50 na deformačně teleso £0. Při zatažení zariadenia nastáva tak pozdlžna ako aj priečna deformácia deformačného telesa £0, resp. prevodníkovej časti 1 2. Velkost priečnej deformácie, ktorá je úměrná velkosti meranej sily, sa registruje snímačom 2,0. Zariadenie podlá obr. 1 sa m8že použit hlavně na meranie upínacích sil nerotačných upínačov, ale aj rotačných v případe, že snímač 20 je umiestnený v osi rotácie.The simplest device for carrying out the method comprises a deformation body 10 and a sensor 20 (FIG. 1). Contact surfaces 11 are formed on the deformation body 40, which in this case is identical to the converter part 12. which serve to transmit the measured forces from the fixture 50 to the deformation body 60. When the device is retracted, both the longitudinal and transverse deformation of the deformation body 60 and 40 respectively occur. 2. The magnitude of the lateral deformation, which is proportional to the magnitude of the measured force, is registered by the sensor 2.0. The device according to FIG. 1 can be used mainly for measuring the clamping forces of the non-rotary clamps but also of the rotary clamps if the sensor 20 is located in the axis of rotation.

Na obr. 2 je znázorněné zariadenie podlá vynálezu, ktorý pozostáva z týchto častí: deformačného telesa £0, snímača 20 a príruby £0. Na deformačnom telese 10 sú vytvořené dotykové plochy 11 a prevodníková časť 12. V deformačnom telese £0 je pomocou príruby 30 uložený snímač 20 s určitým predpatím voči prevodníkovej časti 12. Pri zatažení zariadenia nastáva deformácia prevodníkovej časti 12 deformačného telesa £0, ktorá pSsobí na snímač 20.In FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention, which comprises the following parts: a deformation body 40, a sensor 20 and a flange 60. On the deformation body 10, the contact surfaces 11 and the transducer part 12 are formed. In the deformation body 20, a sensor 20 is mounted with a flange 30 with a certain bias towards the transducer part 12. When the device is pulled sensor 20.

Pri zatažení zariadenia sa deformácia deformačného telesa 10 prenáša do blízkosti snímače pomocou prevodníkovej časti £2. Na obr. 3a má prevodníková časť 12 tvar páky, ktorá sa od účinku meraných sil nedeformuje. Jej posunutie v axiálnom smere sa registruje snímačom 20.When the device is loaded, the deformation of the deformation body 10 is transmitted to the proximity of the sensor by means of the transducer portion 52. In FIG. 3a, the transducer portion 12 has a lever shape that does not deform from the effect of the measured forces. Its displacement in the axial direction is registered by the sensor 20.

Při meraní upínacích sil za otáčok sa deformačně teleso 10 otáča spolu s upínačom, kým stator 40 spolu so snímačom 20 je zabrzděný. Tým je umožněné odčítanie velkosti meranej sily bez toho, aby bolo potřebné použiť zariadenie na přenos meraných údajov z rotujúceho vřetena.When measuring the clamping forces per revolution, the deformation body 10 rotates together with the clamp, while the stator 40 together with the sensor 20 is braked. This makes it possible to read the magnitude of the measured force without the need to use a device for transmitting the measured data from the rotating spindle.

Zariadenia podlá obr. 3 sa s výhodou póužijú na meranie upínacích sil v prípadoch, kedy sa upínač pri meraní otáča.The apparatus of FIG. 3 is preferably used to measure the clamping forces in cases where the clamp rotates during measurement.

Ako snímač 20 m6že byť použitý číselníkový odohýlkomer, piezoelektrický snímač připadne indukčný snímač.A dial gauge, a piezoelectric sensor or an inductive sensor may be used as the sensor 20.

Claims

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

A method for measuring forces, in particular on rotary clamps, based on the principle of measuring mechanical deformation, characterized in that the deformation amount of the elastic element is measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force being measured, wherein the deformation sensor is in a static position.

Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation body (10) is in contact with at least one contact surface (11) with the clamping surfaces (60) of the fixture, the deformation body (10) comprising a transducer part (12). ), to which the sensor (20) is applied so that its measuring direction is substantially perpendicular to the direction of adaptation of the clamping forces.

Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the contact surfaces (11) and the deformation body (10) are divided.

Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the transducer part (12) is identical to the deformation body (10).

Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the transducer part (12) and the deformation body (10) are divided.

Device according to Claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the deformation body (10) comprises at least one recess (13).

A device according to claim 3, 4, 5 or 6 and 7, characterized in that the transducer part (12) is bounded by at least one concave surface (121) and at least one convex surface (122) of which at least two are substantially parallel.

Device according to Claims 3, 4, 5 or 6 and 7, characterized in that the transducer part (12) is lever-shaped.

Device according to Claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the sensor (20) is mounted in the deformation body (10).

Device according to Claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, 7, 8 or 9 and 10, characterized in that the sensor (20) is rotatably mounted in the deformation body (10).

Device according to Claim 3, 4, 5 or 6, 7, 8 or 9, 10 and 11, characterized in that the sensor (20) is arranged substantially in the axis of rotation of the clamp.