CS231675B1 - A method of treating vegetable feed containing feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention solves the problem of better utilization of nitrogenous substances in feed for monogastric animals, which contains vegetable proteins, thereby contributing both to the expansion of the use of vegetable proteins in this type of animals and to feed savings in relation to the increases in the live weight of these animals. Feeds in which one component containing vegetable proteins is represented by the application of up to 20% wheat gluten and whose natural amino acids, which determine the use of nitrogenous substances in the feed, i.e. lysine and/or methionine, are not represented in either the optimal amount or in the appropriate ratio, are modified by the addition of at least one of these crucial amino acids in synthetic form, which is homogenized with the other feed components while still dry, and only then is the feed prepared for feeding. In relation to the weight of wheat gluten, synthetic amino acids are added in the range of 1% to 10% by weight.

Description

Method of preparing feed containing vegetable proteins

The invention solves the problem of better utilization of nitrogenous substances in feed for monogastric animals, which contains vegetable proteins, thereby contributing both to the expansion of the use of vegetable proteins in this type of animals and to feed savings in relation to the increases in the live weight of these animals. Feeds in which one component containing vegetable proteins is represented by the application of up to 20% wheat gluten and whose natural amino acids, which determine the use of nitrogenous substances in the feed, i.e. lysine and/or methionine, are not represented in either the optimal amount or in the appropriate ratio, are modified by the addition of at least one of these crucial amino acids in synthetic form, which is homogenized with the other feed components while still dry, and only then is the feed prepared for feeding. In relation to the weight of wheat gluten, synthetic amino acids are added in the range of 1% to 10% by weight.

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The invention relates to a method of treating feed containing proteins, especially of plant origin, intended for animals with a single stomach, especially pigs and poultry. More specifically, this method of treatment is focused on the content of essential amino acids represented in the nitrogenous and especially protein component of these feeds.

Plant protein components of feed for monogastric livestock can to some extent replace more expensive animal proteins, but it is necessary to enrich them mainly with the so-called glutens, which are formed during the production of starch from cereals or corn as a usable by-product. Given the nutritional requirements of monogastrics, glutens, as a relatively rich source of plant protein, are used in feed for such animals because they contain very valuable essential amino acids, but their mutual ratios are not balanced. Partial balancing of the content of essential amino acids can be achieved by including protein components of animal origin, but even in these cases, lysine, and sometimes methionine, usually remains deficient.

It is known that in animals with a single stomach, the utilization of nitrogenous substances, consisting largely of amino acids, is determined by the amino acid that is deficient in relation to the other amino acids. For example, the dependence of the weight gain of fattening animals on the

of pigs only on the lysine content, which is expressed in tabular form thrusts like this: lysine content (%) in dry matter of feed 0.43 0.47 0.52 0.57 0.61 0.65 daily gain (g) of live weight 455 512 549 597 569 531 The table takes into account so much relative content of lysine in total dry matter

feed without referring it to its protein component. It is evident from it that the optimal lysine content in the dry matter of the feed ration

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- 2 is 0.57%; higher or lower relative contents of lysine in the experimental feed ration leads to an imbalance of lysine in relation to the content of other amino acids and therefore to a reduction in gains. Excess lysine in case of its overdose, or excess other amino acids in case of underdosing of lysine, are excreted unused in the form of urea in the urine of the animal. The table does not even record the relative amount of lysine in relation to other amino acids. However, this is incorporated into the valid standards of feed mixtures in the form of experimentally and operationally tested formulas. According to them, for example, a feed mixture for pigs with a live weight of 50 to 110 kg should contain 13.5% nitrogenous substances (NL), 0.66% lysine and 0.45% sulfur amino acids (methionine and cystine), while methionine must constitute at least 45% of the total content of these sulfur amino acids. Because glutens - whether wheat or corn - can only form part of the protein component of a feed mixture, they are used in a weight ratio of only up to 20%, so despite being a relatively rich source of plant nitrogenous substances (NL), they cannot fully meet the requirements for the content and ratio of crucial essential amino acids, because, for example, wheat gluten, which has

71.55% of nitrogenous substances (NL), they contain only 1.37% lysine and 0.73% methionine. At its maximum relative representation in the feed, it supplies only 0.2% lysine and 0.1%. methionine. It is therefore obvious that even gluten as a vegetable protein cannot provide a sufficient representation of the crucial amino acids in the feed. Since the ratio of lysine and methionine is partly decisive for the utilization of the protein components of the feed, the effort is to create a feed composition that would ensure this ratio by supplementing the amino acid that is present as the predominant component in the natural protein component of the feed that is currently available. It is certain that it is not always possible to achieve the appropriate optimal ratio of these crucial amino acids in this way, let alone their optimal content in the feed. Even if it is not possible to achieve their optimal doses, such a procedure is nevertheless desirable and beneficial.

The purpose of the invention is therefore to eliminate, or at least significantly reduce, these deficiencies arising from feeding mainly vegetable proteins with a deficient lysine content and, for some categories of farm animals, also with a deficient methionine content.

According to the invention, this is achieved by the fact that in the event of insufficient — 3 —

231 875 content of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine and/or methionine in natural protein components of feed for monogastric livestock, in which vegetable glutens, for example wheat and/or corn, are represented in a maximum weight ratio of up to 20%, in relation to the weight of glutens, at least one of the listed deficient natural essential amino acids is added in dry form in a synthetic form in an amount of 1% to 10%, after which the feed is homogenized and, if necessary, further processed for direct feeding.

The progress and advantages of such a solution lie in the easier achievement of balanced contents, or at least ratios, of essential amino acids when feeding plant proteins and thus better utilization of the nitrogenous substances contained in them, which leads to a relative reduction in feed consumption. In addition, the application of synthetic amino acids to the treatment of plant proteins in crinoids contributes to the replacement of animal proteins with plant proteins and thus to the increase in the economy of animal production in the monogastric livestock sector.

Even though there are not always enough of the synthetic amino acids mentioned to ensure their optimal amount in the feed, it is still possible to improve the feed in terms of these crucial amino acids by even partial modification of the feed with vegetable proteins and at least to more easily and effectively supplement the more important amino acid that is decisive for the given monogastric livestock in the appropriate ratio. Therefore, this method, which does not completely eliminate the disadvantages of the current use of vegetable proteins for this type of livestock due to the current low production of synthetic amino acids, means an improvement in the current state of usability of the nitrogenous components of the feed and thus contributes to a relative reduction in its consumption per unit of animal weight gain.

The feed treatment according to the invention is carried out by mixing in a deficient amount of the relevant amino acid in synthetic form.

The addition and homogenization of the added amount of lysine and/or methionine is carried out dry, after which the dry matter thus prepared is temporarily stored for later use, or is immediately further processed with liquid ingredients for feeding to pigs. Given that the main source of protein and thus essential amino acids in feeds for monogastric animals are gluten and especially

231,675 wheat gluten, represented in feed for these animals in a weight ratio of up to 20%, it is necessary to add 1% to 10% of synthetic forms of deficient amino acids to the feed in relation to its proportion.

The feed treatment according to the invention will best be illustrated by examples.

Examples:

1. For supplementary feeding of chickens, the feed mixture is required to contain 205 g of nitrogenous substances (KL) and 0.75 g of lysine per 1 kg, i.e. 4.7b g of lysine per 100 g of nitrogenous substances (NL). Provided that the other feed ingredients do not contain nitrogenous substances and lysine, or if this proportion of the other ingredients is sufficiently supplemented in this respect, then the component represented by wheat gluten must be enriched with lysine separately so that the relative amount of lysine then represents its required representation. Wheat gluten for this purpose can be modified by the addition of synthetic lysine as follows:

A mixture of 100 kg of wheat gluten and

2.55 kg of synthetic lysine.

Tin. the following composition is obtained:

wheat gluten 100 kg nitrogenous substances (NL) 71.55 kg lysine 0.08 kg synthetic lysine 2.55kg__ ^w __2.55 kg ^w 2.55 kg total lC2.55kg 74.10 kg' 3.53 kg

Lysine (natural + synthetic) represents a proportion of 3.53 : 0.741 = 4.76% in this mixture of nitrogenous substances (NL) and is therefore at the required level.

2. If the feed contains, among other ingredients, meat meal, i.e. a source of animal protein, which itself contains 89% nitrogenous substances with 7.3% lysine, and wheat gluten is to be added to the complete composition of the feed, then the following proportions must be mixed and homogenized:

a) ingredients with a balanced proportion of lysine, e.g. feed additive for chickens, in a weight quantity of 351 kg

b) meat meal 48 kg

c) wheat gluten 100 kg

d) synthetic lysine 1 kg Composition of nitrogenous substances:

Item a) has a balanced proportion of 4.76 ‘X lysine by weight

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231 nitrogenous substances (NL) in the feed additive. Therefore, it is enough to balance the tact ingredient: kg meat meal 48 wheat gluten 100 synthetic lysine_1 total: 149 kg NL kg lysine

42.72 3.504.

71.55 0.98

1_1

115.27 5.484

The three components mentioned are also balanced, because their nitrogenous substances contain 5.484 : 1.1527 β 4.757 * 4.76% lysine, i.e. the prescribed optimal amount, of which it was necessary to add 1% of the weight of wheat gluten in synthetic form.

3. For fattening pigs, i.e. in the weight category of 50 to 110 kg, a feed mixture containing 135 g of nitrogenous substances (NL), 6.6 g of lysine and 4.5 g of sulphurous amino acids expressed as methionine per kilogram of dry matter is required. If this mixture is transported from wheat gluten only, then 4.88 g of lysine and 3.33 g of methionine should be present per 100 g of nitrogenous substances (NL) present in the mixture. The above mixture is prepared by homogenizing 100 kg of wheat gluten with 2.75 kg of synthetic lysine and 2.02 kg of synthetic methionine. This gives 104.77 kg of dry mixture containing the required 4.88 lysine and 3.33 g of methionine per 100 g. The balance of nitrogenous substances and these crucial amino acids is then as follows:

component: kg kg NL kg lysine kg methionine wheat, gluten 100 71.55 0.98 0.52 synthetic lysine 2.75 2.75 2.75 - synthet.methionine 2.02 2.02 - ........ total: 104.77 í C f 3 <2 3.73 2.54

In relation to the weight of gluten, 2.75% of synthetic lysine and 2.02% of synthetic methionine were added.

4. If the feed mixture for fattening pigs also contains other ingredients that are, in extreme cases, without the above-mentioned crucial amino acids, then it is definitely necessary to supplement these amino acids primarily with wheat gluten and synthetic forms of these deficient amino acids. Here, it is definitely appropriate to fully utilize the maximum content of 20% of this gluten in the feed, so that the natural amino acids contained in it contribute as much as possible to the balance of these vital substances.

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For example, ingredients without lysine and methionine with a total weight of ^00 kg have 68.274 kg of nitrogenous substances (NL). Adding 50 kg of wheat gluten adds 35.77 kg of nitrogenous substances (NL), their natural lysine has a weight of 0.49 kg and natural methionine 0.26 kg. If 5 kg of synthetic lysine and 3.456 kg of synthetic methionine are added to this mixture to enrich it with essential amino acids, the balance of nitrogenous substances and essential amino acids will be as follows:

ingredients:_kg kg NL kg lysine kg methionine

ingredients without lysine and methionine 200 68,274 · wheat gluten 50 35.77 0.49 0.26 synthetic lysine 5 5 5 - synthet.methionine 3,456 3,456 - 3,456 total: 25S .456 112.5 5.49 3,716 According to this balance contains feed mixture in relation to nitrogenous substances (NL) 4.88% lysine and 3.3% methionine, which corresponds to

requirement given in Example 3. In this case, 10% of synthetic lysine and 6.912% of synthetic methionine were introduced into the mixture in relation to the proportion of gluten.

Enrichment of feed with a limited gluten content for monogastric livestock with the above-mentioned limiting amino acids of synthetic origin cannot be understood as a mere addition of nitrogenous substances to feed components. It is actually a method of feed modification that aims to achieve a favorable ratio of essential amino acids that are deficient in natural feed components, and thus a better utilization of all amino acids present in plant proteins and the entire protein and nitrogenous part of the feed. This then means higher weight gains of animals and, in fact, relative savings in feed. The assumptions underlying the method of feed modification according to the invention were experimentally verified when supplementing the control group of pigs by feeding a mixture in which there was 20% by weight of natural protein components of plant origin in the form of wheat gluten modified by the addition of synthetic lysine and synthetic methionine to optimal values, while the second group of pigs was fed the same feed, but without synthetic amino acid supplements. The first control group of pigs showed an average of 15.2% higher weight gains.

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Even though the examples given concern complete saturation of the crucial amino acids, i.e. lysine and possibly methionine, given the current insufficient supply of these synthetic amino acids, it is obvious that for the time being it is necessary to count on cases leading to an effort to ensure at least the necessary ratio in feeds containing nitrogenous substances, especially of plant origin, by supplementing them with synthetic forms of these amino acids, as this also contributes to the wider use of plant proteins in nonogastral animals.

In any case, the addition of synthetic amino acids to the other components of the feed is done during the dry period, which means that the feed as a whole is also thickened during the dry period. Only then is the mixture thus prepared either temporarily stored for later final processing, or is it prepared immediately for this feeding, which, for example, in the case of mixtures for fattening pigs, means the addition of liquid components.

Claims (1)

H η ϊΐ Βιά h Τ in f η A L ώ Z U 231 875 Process for the treatment of feed containing vegetable proteins, of which one component, represented in a weight ratio of up to 20%, is gluten and intended for animals with a single stomach, characterized in that in the absence of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine and / or methionine, of natural protein components, at least one of said deficient natural amino acids in dry form in an amount of 1 ažο to 10 is added in relation to the gluten weight, in a quantity of 1 Ίο to 10, after which the feed is homogenized and optionally further treated for feeding.