CS234592B1 - Combined, mostly textile fabric product - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention falls into the textile industry by its production, while by its use into building construction. The combined, mainly textile surface product, especially the vertical drain, consists of a core formed by perforated plastic pipes and a textile filter cover covering the core. The drain is characterized by the fact that at least one perforated tube is placed inside a textile cover consisting of two layers, f one of which is a needle-punched fiber fleece placed on one side of the tubular * core, while the second layer, which is on the opposite side of the core, is also made of a needle-punched fiber fleece, or of fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven fabric. These two layers are connected along the sides of the tube, or in the gaps between the parallel tubes, by a number of bundles of binding fibers partially pulled from the fiber web.

Description

The invention relates to a combined, predominantly textile sheet product, intended for the construction of vertical drains to drain and accelerate the consolidation of the unbearable subsoil of high embankments, in particular for honest and railway constructions.

The classical methods of building high embankments on an unbearable subsoil are based on the calculation of expected settlement, from which the necessary embankment elevation is then determined. In this case, the compression of the subsoil is partially eliminated by building a distribution layer at the interface between the subsoil and the embankment body, made in the manner of a gravel-like thatch which also serves to drain surface and subsurface water. The disadvantage of such a solution is the lengthy process of consolidation, which lasts several years, and the resulting long technological breaks, which always have adverse consequences for the construction economy. Modern methods Controlled consolidation is based on the knowledge that compressible, low permeability and at the same time cohesive soils, which cause the most problems, are characterized by higher permeability in the horizontal direction than in the direction perpendicular to the course of the layers. Therefore, they accelerate artificially

- 2 234 592 their drainage and thus their consolidation by means of vertical drains. The purpose of this method of consolidation is thus to ensure a faster discharge of the water discharged from the subsoil by the mass of the embankment. Meanwhile, the most widespread vertical drains are gravel drains, sometimes called gravel piles, which are of circular cross-section. Up to a diameter of 0.3 m, they are usually built by means of vibrating sets, by which the steel casings are blown into the subsoil into the required depth, which are pulled out after filling with gravel. Gravel drains larger than 0.3 m in diameter are rotated by rotary drilling or by means of a grab. The disadvantage of these drains is their high demands on earthworks and the necessity of importing quite a large amount of quality gravel. Many of these disadvantages have been overcome by a vertical drain which is made of a flexible corrugated plastic drainage tube, usually 0.05 m in diameter, which is wrapped with a filter fabric. This drainage tube is driven by the casing to the desired depth by means of a lost metal foot which is fixed at one end thereof. This significantly accelerated the construction of vertical drains, even though it was necessary to do them with a smaller gauge than gravel drains. Therefore, the main disadvantage of this solution has been the fact that the circular cross-section of the drain has the smallest contact surface with the soil on which the drainage efficiency of the drain depends at a given cross-sectional flat, the size of which in turn influences the desired driving set performance. Therefore, all Sally developed constructions of vertical drains, e.g. type COPHA, MEBRA, COLBOND, have a rectangular cross-section, which substantially increased their circumference at the same cross-sectional flat. This means that with the same power of the stopping element 3 234 592 right, a higher dewatering effect is achieved and hence the individual drains can be located at a greater distance from each other. These drains consist of two parts, namely a molded plastic core having a corrugated or slatted cross-section and the function of which is to drain vertically the ground water which has seeped through the core filter casing, which forms a kind of drainage section. The filter wrapper is made of either a filter paper having a limited life span or a filter fabric of plastic fiber. A disadvantage of these solutions is also the limited contact surface area of the drain with the soil given by the circumference of the rectangle from which the equivalent efficiency of a comparable circular cross-section drain is calculated. The construction and dimensions of the core of the drainage means that the movement of the water in the drain in the vertical direction is influenced by capillary forces. Moreover, gluing the filter fabric or paper on one side of the drain along its entire length complicates their manufacturing technology.

IN

Another flat product intended to be used as a vertical drain and consisting of a core, such as perforated plastic tubes and a textile filter wrapper covering the core. The essence of the present invention is that the core, made of at least one perforated plastic tube, it is embedded inside the textile filter wrap in its longitudinal direction, the textile filter wrap consisting of two layers, one of which is each needled by a fibrous runo and is located on one side of the core while the other the layer, which is on the opposite side of the core, is also made of needlepunch. a fibrous rune, or at least a passive needling fabric, i.e. a fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric or nonwoven fabric, and the two layers are perforated along the sides

- 4,234,892 tubes, or in the gaps between parallel perforated tubes, joined together by a plurality of binder fiber bundles partially pulled from the fibrous rune and drawn into a sheet of fabric located on the opposite side of the core · The core of the drain consists of a selected number of perforated plastic tubes masses which are parallel to each other and in the textile filter package are disposed either one at a selected distance from one another or in groups, for example two or three, the pipes being parallel to each other and touching each other while in groups separated by spaces in which the two layers of the textile filter cover are joined together ·

Passive needlepunch flat fabrics are fabrics that can be pierced on the needling machine? felting needles and ties? bundles of binder fibers drawn into this fibrous web fabric, which is actively punctured because it allows to form? that its fibers are bundles of binder fibers ·

Non-woven fabrics are understood here to mean chemically and mechanically bonded layers of fibers, which means by means of binder, heat and pressure, as well as by re-bonding the layer with its own fibers or bonding binder.

The invention makes it possible to create: corrugated surface of the drain, which greatly increases its surface area · Small diameter pipes must have? a diameter such that they do not exert capillary forces that will prevail? only in filter fabric · In the production of the vertical drain according to the invention, any wet process - gluing - will be eliminated · The width of the drain will be easily changed in production by cutting the customer's requirements by cutting ^ cutting} - how much can the production width be? 0.5 to 2.5 m. The resulting width of the drain then can I? 0.1; 0.15 and 0.2;

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0.25; 0.3 and 0.5 m. Due to the required efficiency, in addition to the width of the converters, the diameters and the arrangement of the tubes can also be produced. The vertical drain may be produced in the desired length, for example 50 m or 100 m length, coiled into a roll.

The accompanying drawing represents cross-sections of various vertical drain designs.

Example 1

The flexible perforated tubes 1, FIG. 1 are spaced 30 mm apart and are housed inside a textile filter wrapper 2 formed of two layers of needled fiber web of 200 g / m, containing 20 to 50 stitches per cm and consisting of secondary synthetic fibers of polypropylene, ester poles or polyamide or polyacrylonitrite. In the gaps between the individual perforated tubes 1, the stitched fiber runes are joined together by stitching by means of 30 to 80 stitches per cm forming bundles of binder fibers 3. This combined, predominant textile sheet is cut in the longitudinal direction into strips 0.2 m wide and 50 m long containing 4 perforated tubes and forming a so-called vertical pulp ·

Example 2 ₍

The pairs of flexible perforated tubes 1 with a diameter of 10 mm, Fig. 2, are regularly distributed in the textile filter package 2 in its longitudinal direction. Piltraon wrapper 2 is made of needled fiber webs, each weighing 325 g.m -2 consisting of secondary fibers, 80% polypropylene staple fiber or cable, and 20% cotton waste. Each runo is reinforced with 40 to 120 punctures per cm. In the 3 mm wide gaps between the pairs of flexible perforated tubes 1, the two needled fiber webs are together

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connected by needle punching using 35 to 70 sprays per cm, forming fiber bundles £ ·

Example 3

The alternating pairs and triplets of the perforated flexible tubes 1 with a diameter of 5 mm, Fig. 3, are distributed in the textile filter package 2 in its longitudinal direction. The filter wrapper 2 consists of two layers, one of which consists of an interwoven of synthetic waste fibers admixed with vegetable or animal fibers weighing 250 to 350 g.m. The second layer is formed by the needled fibrous runo of Example 2. In the 25 mm wide gaps located between the groups of tubes 1, the two layers are joined by needling made on the side of the needled fibrous rune with an intensity of 50 to 140 volts per cm 2. the combined, predominantly textile sheet product is cut in the longitudinal direction into 0.3 m wide and 50 m long strips which enclose 4 pairs and 4 triples of perforated tubes and serve as vertical edges.

The composition of the textile filter wrap 2 may also be different from that described in the example. One layer must always be a fibrous web which is pre-stitched, while the other layer can be of a different, at least passive needlepunch, such as a fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, entanglement, bonded nonwoven fabric, nonwoven fabric formed directly from continuous filaments under spinning nozzle and others.

Claims (3)

7 PRBDMBT OF THE INVENTION 234 592 1 "Combined, bulk textile fabric for use as a vertical web and consisting of a core formed, for example, by perforated plastic tubes and a textured filter wrapper covering the core, characterized in that the core made of at least one a perforated plastic pipe (1) is disposed within the textile filter wrapper (2) in its longitudinal direction, the textile filter wrapping being comprised of two layers, one of which is always a threaded rune inserted and placed on one side the core, while the second layer, which is on the opposite side of the core, is also formed of a needled fibrous rune, or at least a passive, puncture-like fabric, that is, a fabric, a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, or a nonwoven fabric, and the two layers are aligned with the perforated tube sides or spaces. interparalleled perforated The tubes are joined together by a plurality of bonding fiber bundles (3), partially pulled spun runes, and drawn into the fabric layer of the opposite side of the core. 2. A combined, predominantly textile fabric product according to claim 1, characterized in that the core consists of a selected plurality of perforated plastic tubes (1), which are mutually parallel and are disposed in a separate filter in the filter housing (2). one from the other. 3. A combined, predominantly textile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the core of the perfused tubes (1) is made of plastic material, which is dispersed in a tefilite filtering sleeve (2). Whereby the fractions of each other are in contact with each other while the groups are spaced apart by spacings in which the two layers of textile filter wrapper (2) are mutually adjacent to each other; bonded by bundles of binding lines (3) · 1 drawing