CS238857B1 - A method of controlling the shape and dimensions of bodies using a coherent wave - Google Patents

A method of controlling the shape and dimensions of bodies using a coherent wave Download PDF

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CS238857B1
CS238857B1 CS83834A CS83483A CS238857B1 CS 238857 B1 CS238857 B1 CS 238857B1 CS 83834 A CS83834 A CS 83834A CS 83483 A CS83483 A CS 83483A CS 238857 B1 CS238857 B1 CS 238857B1
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shape
bodies
gap
dimensions
diffraction pattern
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CS83834A
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Czech (cs)
Slovak (sk)
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CS83483A1 (en
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Ivan Turek
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Ivan Turek
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Abstract

Pri kontrole tvaru a rozmerov telies, menovite pri sériovej výrobě telies s vysokými požiadavkami na přesnost je výhodné postupovat následovně: Připraví sa maska, ktorá spolu s kontrolovaným telesom vytvára medzeru šíriky niekotkonásohne vačšiu ako je tolerancia rozměru kontrolovaných výrobkov. Takto vytvořená medzera sa ožiari koherentnou akustickou alebo elektromagnetickcu vlnou a sleduje sa difrakčný obrazec vytvořený vlnou přešlou cez medzeru. Tvarové, alebo rozměrové úchylky telies sa citlivo prejavia na sledovanom difrakčnom obrazci.When checking the shape and dimensions of bodies, namely in the serial production of bodies with high accuracy requirements, it is advantageous to proceed as follows: A mask is prepared which, together with the body being checked, creates a gap with a width several times greater than the tolerance of the dimensions of the products being checked. The gap thus created is irradiated with a coherent acoustic or electromagnetic wave and the diffraction pattern created by the wave passing through the gap is observed. Shape or dimensional deviations of the bodies are sensitively reflected in the observed diffraction pattern.

Description

Vynáleiz sa zaoberá vlnovou kontrolou tvaru a rozmerov telies s vysokými požiadavkami na presnosť.The invention is concerned with wave control of shape and size of bodies with high precision requirements.

Kontrola rozmerov, resp. kontrola tvaru telies pomocou klasických metod .je zdíhavá a tým i nákladná. Je tomu tak menovite u telies zložitého tvaru a pri vysokých nárokoch na presnosť. Předkládaný vynález túto nevýhodu odstraňuje. Před kontrolou samotnou sa však musí připravit maska, čím sa rozumie teleso, ktorého tvar je taký, že jeho tieňový obraz je přibližné negativem tieňové-ho obrazu kontrolovaného telesa. Ako maska može byť použité například plošné, alebo přibližné plošné teleso s otvorom, do ktorélm je možné vložit kontrolované teleso.Checking dimensions, resp. checking the shape of the bodies using classical methods is hasty and thus expensive. This is the case with complex bodies and high precision requirements. The present invention overcomes this disadvantage. However, a mask must be prepared before the control itself, meaning a body whose shape is such that its shadow image is approximate to the negative of the shadow image of the controlled body. As a mask, for example, a planar or approximate planar body with an aperture into which a controlled body can be inserted can be used.

Otvor masky má byť vačší ako je kontrolovaný rez telesa, a to tak, aby sa pri vložení telesa do otvoru vytvořila medzera šířky niekolkokrát vačšej ako je tolerancia kontrolovaných rozmerov. Hodnota optimálnej šířky medizery sa stanoví v konkrétnom iprípade podlá požadovanej přesnosti kontroly a kolísania rozmerov kontrolovaných telies.The mask aperture should be larger than the controlled cut of the body, so that when the body is inserted into the aperture, a width gap is created several times greater than the tolerance of the controlled dimensions. The value of the optimum width of the medizer is determined in particular or according to the required accuracy of control and variation of the dimensions of the bodies to be checked.

Podstata kontroly podía předkládaného vynálezu spočívá v tom, že sa pomocou masky a kontrolovaného telesa vytvoří medzera (štrbi-na), ktorá sa ožiari koherentnou elektromagnetickou alebo akustickou vlnou vhodnej vlnovej dížky. Pri přechode vlny vytvořenou medzerou dochádza k difrakcii, takže rozloženie intenzity vlny po- přechode sústavou pozostávajúcou z masky a kontrolovaného telesa nebude tieňovým (geometrickým) obrazcom medzery.The essence of the control according to the present invention is that, by means of a mask and a controlled body, a gap is formed which is irradiated by a coherent electromagnetic or acoustic wave of a suitable wavelength. Diffraction occurs at the transition of the wave formed by the gap, so that the distribution of the wave intensity by a transition consisting of a mask and a controlled body will not be a shadow (geometric) pattern of the gap.

Rozloženie intenzity vo vytvorenom difrakčnom obrazci silno závisí od tvaru a šířky štrbiny. V důsledku toho i malá změna šířky štrbiny vedie k výraznej zmene difrakčného obrazca. To umožňuje z rozloženia intenzity vo vytvorenom difrakčnom obrazci súdiť na tvar a rozměry kontrolovaného telesa.The intensity distribution in the formed diffraction pattern strongly depends on the shape and width of the slit. Consequently, even a small change in the width of the slot results in a significant change in the diffraction pattern. This makes it possible to judge the shape and dimensions of the inspected body from the intensity distribution in the formed diffraction pattern.

Ako příklad ilustrujúci závislost difrakčnéhoi obrazca od tvaru medzery sú difrakčné obrazce získané pomocou světelných vín He-Ne lasera na medzere medzi ložiskovou gulkou priemeru 6 mm a plochým telesom s viac-menej kruhovým otvorom o niekolko desatín milimetra váčším ako priemer guličky. Už relativné malá změna medzery vedie k drastické) zmene tvaru difrakčného obrazca. I keď pre ilustráciu boli použité telieska 5 7 4 rotačně symetrické, nie je táto symetria podmienkou pre použitie popisovanej metody. Metóda však nie je vhodná pre kontrolu lubovolného řezu lubovolného telesa. Vždy ale je možné touto metodou kontrolovat maximálně řezy telesa.As an example illustrating the dependence of the diffraction pattern on the gap shape, the diffraction patterns obtained with He-Ne laser wines on the gap between the 6 mm diameter ball ball and the flat body with a more or less circular hole are several tenths of a millimeter larger than the diameter of the ball. Already a relatively small change in the gap results in a drastic change in the shape of the diffraction pattern. Although, for illustration purposes, the used bodies 5, 4 were rotationally symmetrical, this symmetry is not a condition for using the method described. However, the method is not suitable for checking any cut of any body. However, it is always possible to use this method to control maximum body cuts.

Podobné nie je podmienkou rovinnosť medzery. Znamená to, že sa teleso nemusí do otvoru v maske doslova zasunúť. Stačí, keď sa kontrolované teleso umiestní za masku alebo před masku tak, že sa medzera vytvoří v tieňovom obraze sústavy pozostávajúcej z vyšetřovaného telesa a optickej masky. Takýmto usporiadaním sa ulahčí výměna telies, čo može byť důležité z hladiska úspory času použitého pre kontrolu.Similar is not a condition of the gaps flatness. This means that the body does not have to literally slide into the opening in the mask. It is sufficient for the inspected body to be placed behind the mask or in front of the mask so that the gap is formed in a shadow image of the system consisting of the examined body and the optical mask. This arrangement will facilitate the exchange of bodies, which may be important in terms of saving time used for control.

Medzera vytvořená maskou a telesom nemusí byť osvětlená, ožiarená použitou vlnou celá naraz. Ked sa vlna nechá prechádzať iba časťou medzery, ktorá je malá v zrovnaní s polomermi křivosti vyšetřovaného telesa, ale dost velká v zrovnaní so šířkou medzery, bude vytvořený difrakčný obrazec blízky difrakčnému obrazců na štrbine. Takýto difrakčný obrazec pozostáva zo světlých a tmavých pruhov, ktorých vzdialenosť závisí od šířky štrbiny. Zo vzdialenosti prúžkov difrakčného obrazca možno súdiť na šířku medzery v príslušnom mieste a pri známom tvare masky i na súradnicu obrysu telesa v príslušnom mieste.The gap created by the mask and body need not be illuminated, irradiated by the used wave all at once. When the wave is passed through only a portion of the gap that is small compared to the radii of curvature of the examined body, but large enough to match the width of the gap, the diffraction pattern will be close to the diffraction patterns on the slit. Such a diffraction pattern consists of light and dark strips whose distance depends on the width of the slit. From the distance of the diffraction pattern strips, the width of the gap can be judged at the respective location and, with the known mask shape, also at the coordinate of the body contour at the respective location.

Postupným presúvaním lúča pozdlž celej medzery dostaneme informáciu o· tvare telesa prirodzene za předpokladu, že tvar masky je známy. Výhoda takéhoto postupu voči predchádzajúcemu, pri ktorom sa vytváral difrakčný obrazec od celej medzery naraz, je v tom, že sa zo vzdialenosti maxim, resp. minim difrakčného obrazca dá bez zložitého výpočtu určit aký tvar má vyšetřované teleso. Je to výhodné najma v případe automatizácie vyšetrovania.By gradually moving the beam along the entire gap, we get information about the shape of the body naturally assuming that the shape of the mask is known. The advantage of such a procedure with respect to the previous one, in which a diffraction pattern has been formed from the entire gap at the same time, is that, from the maximum and / or the distance, respectively. of the minima of the diffraction pattern, without a complicated calculation, can determine the shape of the examined body. This is particularly beneficial in the case of automating investigations.

Stanovenie rozmerov telesa je možné aj pomocou difrakčného obrazca vytvořeného celou medzerou, vyžaduje však zložité matematické spracovanie, a navýše zložité zariadenie na převod rozloženia intenzity difrakčného obrazca do matematického, alebo číselného vyjadrenia.It is also possible to determine the dimensions of the body by means of a diffraction pattern formed by the entire gap, but it requires complicated mathematical processing, and a complex device for converting the intensity distribution of the diffraction pattern into a mathematical or numerical representation.

Rozloženie intenzity vo vytvorenom difrakčnom obrazci možno registrovat pomocou elektrických čidiel, čo vytvára dobré předpoklady pre automatizáciu kontroly, ktorá je důležitá najma pri kontrole telies vyrábaných vo velkých sériách.The intensity distribution in the created diffraction pattern can be registered with the aid of electric sensors, which creates good conditions for automating the control, which is particularly important in the control of bodies manufactured in large series.

Claims (1)

PREDMETSUBJECT Sposob kontroly tvaru a rozmerov telies pomocou koherentnej vlny akustické) alebo elektromagnetickej a masky, význačný tým, že sa medzera vytvořená kontrolovanýmA method of controlling the shape and dimensions of bodies by means of a coherent wave (acoustic) or electromagnetic and mask, characterized in that the gap created by the controlled YNALEZU telesom a maskou ožiari koherentnou vlnou a na tvar a rozměry telesa sa súdl z tvaru difrakčného obrazca vytvořeného vlnou přešlou cez uvedenú medzeru.YNALEZU irradiates the body with a coherent wave, and the shape and dimensions of the body are judged from the shape of the diffraction pattern formed by the wave passing through said gap.
CS83834A 1983-02-07 1983-02-07 A method of controlling the shape and dimensions of bodies using a coherent wave CS238857B1 (en)

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