CS242268B1 - Means for plant protection - Google Patents

Abstract

The agents are used to protect cultivated plants from attack by fungi, molds and bacteria. They are applied in the form of seed dressing, tubers or seedlings, or in the form of spraying or dusting plants during their vegetation. The agents used so far are either very toxic or too expensive. The agents are based on the synergistic effect of organotin compounds and aldehydes, which, with the addition of non-ionic surfactants, can also be applied in the form of an aqueous solution.

Description

The invention relates to the use of a preparation based on organotin compounds, aldehydes and surfactants for the protection of crop plants against fungal, fungal and bacterial infestation, which can be applied by seed, seed, tuber or seedling treatment or by spraying or dusting during their vegetation.

As the breeding of new varieties for disease resistance is only partially successful so far, the focus of plant protection lies in the use of chemical products. Due to the lack of choice of effective, relatively low-toxicity yet economically advantageous plant protection chemicals and the considerable adaptability of disease agents to protective chemicals, extending the range of existing chemical protection products is highly desirable.

The rapid worldwide development of pesticide application in agricultural production in recent years has been marked by significant economic benefits. Chemical plant protection is currently one of the most important agrotechnical measures that depend on crop yield. In many cases, 100% preventive protection is already carried out, eg seed dressing of all major crops such as cereals, corn, potatoes, alfalfa, etc. In other cases, chemical intervention is usually carried out in time after the discovery of significant pests or their seeds, to their mass spread.

The variety of chemical products used in plant protection is extremely broad and includes a large number of chemical types of compounds such as copper and mercury, organic and inorganic compounds, sulfur compounds, organic acid salts and phenols, organometallic, organic metal-free compounds such as chlorinated phenols, quinones, nitrated phenols, formaldehyde, chlorinated and nitrated aromatic compounds, dithiocarbamidates, etc. (Zábranský V., Simek A .: Chemistry in the fight against plant pests and diseases, SNTL Praha 1955, Večeřa Z .: Pesticides, production and properties * and use , SNTL Praha 1964; de Ong ER: Chemistry and Uses of Pesticides, Chapman and Hall Ltd. London 1956).

The greatest attention in chemical plant protection is given to seed dressing and preventive plant protection against attack by various diseases. Since all pesticides are biologically active, they also have some toxicity to humans, both in application and in the form of residues. High efficacy against plant disease agents is usually accompanied by high toxicity to humans, so new types of pesticides are sought for safer application that are sufficiently effective at satisfactory toxicity.

The need for new preservatives is particularly relevant for mordants, since mercury preparations used for this purpose are too toxic. Because of these disadvantages, the use of mercury mordants in some countries is limited to special applications.

Organotin compounds, especially trialkyltin, are effective against fungi, fungi, mucilages and bacteria. However, the significant phytotoxicity considerably limits the use of trialkyltin compounds for plant protection, and attempts to use them for this purpose have so far failed. Aldehydes, especially formaldehyde, are relatively less toxic to plants, but their effect on the agents of plant diseases is only short-lived and therefore insufficient.

The use of crop protection agents against fungal, fungal, mucilaginous and bacterial infestations applicable to seed, seed, tuber or seedling treatment, or by spraying or dusting the plants during their vegetation period, that it consists of an organotin compound of formula I,

Rs ¹ Sn ΟΧ (II) wherein R ¹ is a straight or branched aliphatic chain of 3 to 5 carbon atoms or phenyl and X is H, S ¹¹ R ^{3 1} or an acyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aldehydes selected from formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde or furylaldehyde and / or the compound by which this aldehyde is formed, for example hexamethylenetetramine or trioxane and nonionic surfactants of the general formula II,

R ² O (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _X H (IIj wherein R ² is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl, aralkyl or acyl group having a total number of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and x is 3 to 18, the weight ratio of organotin compound to % of the aldehyde and its precursor is from 0.05 to 10 and the weight ratio of organotin compound to surfactant is from 0.05 to 1.5.

An advantage of the use according to the invention is that the combination of organotin compounds with aldehydes and non-ionic surfactants suppresses the phytotoxicity of organotin compounds while at the same time synergistically enhancing the antifungal, antifungal and antibacterial activity of the complex formulation. This creates a practically useful therapeutic breadth, allowing the use of these plant protection agents.

Compared to the used plant protection products based on mercury, copper and zinc, or organic fungicides, the use of the compositions according to the invention is safe due to the low toxicity to warm-blooded animals (see Example 1j) Organotin compounds and aldehydes with light, temperature and water they decompose relatively quickly into non-toxic fumes, thereby minimizing the risk of toxic residues.

The formulation of a particular composition is known and used as a disinfectant in veterinary practice, as a preservative for paints and varnishes, for the fungicidal treatment of technical textiles such as slimicide in the paper and chemical industries, etc., but not for plant protection. An advantage of the preparation according to the invention is its availability on the domestic market as most of the fungicides used are imported.

A further advantage of using the compositions according to the invention is that they can be applied not only as separate preparations but also in mixtures with insecticides, other fungicides and fertilizers. Compatibility with other pesticide formulations and fertilizer reduces the number of treatments required for crop plants, which has a positive impact on the economy of its use.

The carrier of biological activity is the triorgantin group of the organotin compound molecule and the aldehyde group in the aldehyde molecule. The other parts of the organotin compound and the aldehyde molecule, as well as the surfactant, have a modifying effect on biological activity and toxicity to plants. Bi (tributyltin oxide, formaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine and laurylpolyethylene glycol or nonylphenylpolyethylene glycol) seems to be most suitable for optimum performance.

From an economic point of view, it is preferred that the concentrated formulations are water-dilutable. For greater efficiency, it is desirable to dilute the concentrated formulations to the application concentration at 10 ' ² to 10 ^-6 as evenly as possible to distribute all components throughout the diluent volume, preferably as true solutions, colloidal solutions, possibly as fine emulsions or suspensions in order to avoid unnecessary accumulation of the active ingredients in one place. The dilutability of formulations to true or colloidal solutions is in many cases facilitated by the addition of organic, water-dilutable solvents, such as alcohols or ketones, but which are of no importance for the intrinsic biological activity of the formulations. In addition to aqueous dispersions, the formulations may be applied in admixture with carrier powders as dusts.

.Přípravku of the invention can at the dilution of 10 ^"2 to 10 ^(and successfully used for seed dressing and sowing osiva'před. Thus e.g. can be protected in this way against the winter wheat wheat stéblclamu (Ophibolus lierpotrichus, Gercosporella herpotrichorldesj against braničnatkám (Septoria Tratica, Spring rye can be protected against barley stripes (Helmintosporium gramineumj) against brown blotches of barley (Helmintosumumusium f. Fusarium culmorumj, against powdery mildew (Erisiphe graminis f. Sp. Hordei) and against rust (Puccinia glumarum, Puccínia hordei).

The compositions according to the invention can also be successfully used in horticulture to protect ornamental plants.

Furthermore, preparations of organotin compounds with aldehydes and surfactants can be successfully used to combine plant protection by both seed dressing and direct spraying. In this way, for example, winter wheat can be protected against powdery mildew (Erisiphe graminis f. Sp. Hordei and tritici) or rusted Puccínia triticlna, Puccinia glumarum). When spraying vegetative cultures, the concentrated preparations are diluted from 10 ^-3 to 10 ^-6 .

Potato tubers can be pickled against potato rootstock (Pellicularia filamentosa, Rhizioctonia siolanij), or potato cultures combined to protect against potato late blight (Phytoptora infestahS) by pickling tubers and spraying vegetative crops.

He did

Concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 11,5% bis (tributyltin) oxide, 50% aqueous 36 to 38% formaldehyde solution, 4,5% fural, 11% lauryl alcohol condensate with ethylene oxide (47% ethylene oxide), 9,5% ethyl alcohol and 9.5% isopropanol was diluted with water in a ratio of 1 wt. part preparation to 1 000 wt. parts of water.

The diluted product was stained with the seed of spring barley of the Diamond variety of 2 liters per 1 q of seed, against infestation of barley by powdery mildew (Erisiphe graminis f. Sp. Hordei) and against streaking (Helmintosporium gramineum). Due to the control experiment with untreated barley, the infestation of plants treated with an organotin preparation was significantly less and the grain yield was higher.

When the degree of infestation of plants with grass powdery mildew was expressed on a 1-9 scale, with grade 1 showing the least attack and grade 9 the highest, then the treated barley attack was expressed by grade 2 and the untreated barley attack by grade 8.

The protection of barley against both fungal diseases was demonstrated in the difference in grain yield from the barley treated with the product and from the control untreated barley. Grain yield from pickled barley was 12% higher than that of untreated barley.

The use of the diluted formulation at an application concentration is safe because of its relatively low toxicity to warmth in animals. The undiluted product has an LD 50 per os for a white mouse of 3.2 g / kg body weight.

Example 2

Concentrate organotin formulation, consisting of 7.5 g triphenyltin hydroxide, 40 g of an aqueous 36 to 38% formalin solution, _R 8 g of lauryl alcohol condensate with ethylene oxide and 44.5% ethanol was diluted with water in a ratio of 1 wt. part preparation to 400 wt. parts of water.

The diluted product was stained with potato tubers of the Renata variety against infestation with Pellicularia filamentosa, Rhizoctonia solanij in an amount of 2 liters of solution per 1 q tubers.

The protective effect of this treatment was that only 6% of the tufts were infected with the potato spice at the M 4 multiplication rate, while 20.8% of the potato tufts were infected in the untreated control group. In addition, symptoms of infection in the control group were apparent about 14 days earlier and the infestation was more intense.

The increase in pickling yield was 24% relative to the control group.

Example 1 a d 3

Concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 15 g bis (tributyltin) oxide, 25 g aqueous 36-38% formaldehyde solution, 15 g ethylene oxide condensed lauryl alcohol (4.7% ethylene oxide), 5 g hexamethylenetetramine, and 40 g ethyl alcohol were diluted with water in a ratio of 1 part by weight of the composition to 1,250 parts by weight of water.

This diluted preparation was used to stain the seed of winter wheat of the Mironovska 808 variety, sown on a plot heavily infested by the agent of stalk and other fungal diseases. 3 liters of diluted preparation were used per 1 q of seed. The significant protective effect of seed pickling was evident from the number of wintered individuals. The relative death rate in treated wheat was only 11.2%, while in control untreated wheat it was 35.1%.

Furthermore, the protective effect of pickling was apparent from the grain yield, which was 10.9% higher in the treated wheat than in the control group. Example 4

Concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 11.0% bis (tributyltin) oxide, 50% aqueous 36-38% formaldehyde solution, 11.0% lauryl alcohol condensate with polyethylene oxide, 9.5% ethyl alcohol and 9.5% isopropyl alcohol and 10% glutardialdehyde was diluted with water in a ratio of 1 part by weight. to 100 wt. parts of water.

With this diluted preparation, the seed of winter wheat of the Mironovska 808 variety was stained in an amount of 3 liters per 1 q of seed against stalk diseases, which is a complex disease, caused mainly by Cercosporel fungi. la herpotrichoides, Helmintosporium spec.

The positive effect of seed pickling resulted in a much smaller attack and grain yield, which was 17.5% higher in treated wheat than in control untreated wheat. The grain of treated wheat also showed a higher absolute weight and balance.

Attaches'

The concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 20 g of triphenyltin hydroxide, 10 g of aqueous 36-38% formaldehyde, 5 g of glutardaldehyde, 25 g of lauryl alcohol condensate with polyethylene oxide and 30 g of ethyl alcohol was diluted with water in a ratio of 1 wt. part preparation to 100 wt. parts of water. .

This diluted preparation was used to treat the culture of winter wheat of the Mironovska 808 variety, sown on a plot heavily infested with the agent of stalk and other fungal diseases. The treatment was carried out in the form of spraying in the phase of finished offshooting and beginning of posting, in the amount of 400 liters of diluted product per 1 ha.

At the same time, a wheat culture was treated in this way before sowing according to Example 3. Compared to control untreated wheat, the grain yield of sprayed wheat was 7.2% higher than that of both sprayed and pickled wheat where it was 15% higher, which shows the advantage of combined spray protection.

Example 6

The concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 10 g of tributyltin propionate, 30 g of a 40% aqueous formaldehyde solution, 5 g of fural, 30 g of lauryl alcohol-ethylene oxide condensate and 25 g of ethyl alcohol was diluted with water in a ratio of 1 wt. part preparation to 300 wt. parts of water.

The cabbage seed was soaked in the diluted preparation for 2 hours, the excess solution of the preparation was filtered off and the seed was air dried. Treated seed and control untreated seed were sown in non-sterilized soil boxes. A group of treated seed plants were attacked by Pythium sp. 2%, the control untreated group of plants was attacked by 35%.

Example 7

The concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 10 g of triisopropyl tin hydroxide, 50 g of aqueous 36-38% formaldehyde solution, 10 g of nonylphenol condensate with ethylene oxide (15 units) and 30 g of ethyl alcohol was diluted with water in a ratio of 1 wt. part of the preparation to 1,250 wt. parts of water.

With this diluted preparation, the bulbs of large tulip bulbs were stained against bacteria by soaking the bulbs for two hours before planting for 2 hours and then air drying.

1 ·

The number of wintered individuals from the treated group of onions was 96% and the deformation of the leaves and flowers occurred in 12% of the plants. Example 8

Concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 11 g of bisftributyltin oxide, 50% aqueous 36 to 38% formaldehyde solution, 11 g of ethylene oxide condensed lauryl alcohol (4.7 units of ethylene oxide), 4 g of fural, 3 g of hexamethylenetetramine, 9.5 g of ethyl alcohol, 9 5 g of isopropyl alcohol and 2 g of methyl salicylate were diluted 1: 3 with water.

In this preparation, diluted 1: 33 with water, the gigantic seedlings of the Gigant kohlrabi variety were immersed for 20 min in order to be stored in a typesetting plant. After soaking for 30 min, the excess solution was allowed to drip in a sieve bottomed container and the seedlings were stored in an overwinter storage room at a temperature of about -2 ° C.

Control seedlings of the same variety were soaked only in water and stored in the same environment. On picking in the spring, it was found that the growth peaks of the seedlings treated with Lastanox F were attacked by 3% foil rot, whereas the control seedlings had destroyed the vegetation peaks of 12%.

After planting, the occurrence of Phoma lingam was recorded in the seedlings from treated seedlings at 2 ° / o. Significantly, the sclera tissue was also infected with this disease.

Seed yield from 100 m ² was 28% higher in favor of the experimental stand. The germination of cleaned seed from the experimental stand was 89.5%, from the control only 71.3%.

Example 9

Polar cabbage seed was stained with a 2% aqueous solution of the organotin preparation of Example 8, by immersion for 20 min. The excess solution was allowed to drip and the seed was dried with a stream of cold air. The same seed lot was soaked only in distilled water. Seed sowing was carried out on a plot of land where, owing to frequent replanting, diseases of brassicae, in particular foamy rot, have spread.

After sowing with a precision seed drill, the number of healthy plants in the first pair of true leaves was found to be 18% more healthy against the control stand. Before harvest, there were 28 300 heads of market quality per 1 ha, per 1 ha, (yield of cleaned heads 60.7 t.ha ¹ ), the waste amounted to 1,900 pieces. ha ^-1 . The control crop was harvested 22 100 cones of merchantable quality (income adjusted cones 48.3. Ha ^-1), the impact of 3600 pieces. ha ¹ (mostly small or unwound heads).

Example 10

Concentrated organotin preparation consisting of 25 g of tributyltin capronate, 1.5 g of glutaraldehyde, 1.5 g of fural, 40 g of oleic acid-ethylene oxide condensate (6 units of ethylene oxide and 32 g of isopropanol was diluted in a ratio of 1 part by weight to 750 parts by weight). parts of water.

This diluted preparation was stained with spring cabbage seed analogously to Example 6. Plants of pickled seed were attacked by Pythium spec. in 3%, whereas the control group of untreated seeds showed 35% infestation.

Claims (1)

Subject Means for protecting crop plants against infestation by fungi, molds, mucilages and bacteria, applicable in the form of pickling. seeds, seeds, tubers or seedlings or by spraying or dusting the plants during their vegetation period, characterized in that it consists of an organotin compound of the formula I, R3 ¹ Sn OX (Ij where R ¹ is straight or branched aliphatic chain having the number of 3-5 carbon atoms or phenyl and X is H, S11R3 ^1, or acyl of the number of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aldehydes selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or furalaldehyde and / or its degradation compounds, for example hexamethylenetetramine or dioxane and nonionic surfactants of formula II, R ² O (CH ² CH ² O ³ xH (IIj) wherein R ² is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic chain, arylalkyl or acyl, each having a total number of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and x is 3 to 18, and / or the precursor is from 0.05 to 10 and the weight ratio of organotin compound to surfactant is from 0.05 to 1.5.