CS243636B1 - A method for accurately determining diameters and diameter factors for the processing of spherical bonded and dispersed optical lenses - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for accurately determining the diameters and diameter coefficients of tools intended for machining couplings and dispersions and their manufacture in ball optics. It eliminates testing of suitable tool diameters for a given processing technique and the associated laborious overlapping of diatablets, foils, treatment of carriers and diatablets, foils, grinding materials. The essence of the invention is that the diameter and the radius of curvature of the workpiece are converted into angular or arcuate measures, and the product diameter or the tool diameter is obtained by their product or by the constant of the given processing technique. By the diameter of the workpiece and the tool, a diameter coefficient is then obtained which is tabulated and the workpiece projection angle is valid for the given machining technique. Solving the invention in practice enables optimization, stabilization and controllable control of technological processes.

Description

(54) Method for precise determination of diameters and diameter coefficients intended for machining spherical connecting and diffusing optical lenses

The solution concerns a method of accurately determining the diameters and diameter coefficients of tools intended for machining of couplings and diffusers and their production in spherical optics. It eliminates the testing of suitable tool diameters for a given machining technique and the associated laborious gluing of slide tablets, foils, treatment of carriers and slide tablets, foils, and grinding materials. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the diameter and radius of curvature of the workpiece are converted into angular or arc measurements and their product or quotient with the constant of the given machining technique is used to obtain the tool diameter after reverse conversion. The diameter coefficient is then obtained by dividing the workpiece diameter by the tool diameter, which is tabulated and applies to the given machining technique and the workpiece clearance angle.

The solution of the invention in practice enables optimization, stabilization and controllable control of technological processes.

Φβ

AND

The subject of the invention relates to a method for accurately determining the diameters and diameter coefficients of tools intended for machining spherical connecting and diffusing optical lenses, with bonded and loose abrasives and polishes.

Until now, the diameter of grinding and polishing tools has been determined using the diameter coefficients X _N 0.8 to 0.9 for the coupling and X _N 1.2 to 1.5 for the diffuser. This means that the diameter of the tool is obtained by multiplying the diameter of the workpiece of the coupling or diffuser by the diameter coefficient X _N . This determination of the diameter is individual and does not guarantee the necessary accuracy. It is not specified for which diameter, radius of curvature, angle of the workpiece the diameter coefficient X _N is used for the coupling or diffuser 0.8 or 1.2 and when 0.9 or 1.5. The diameter of grinding materials for tools with bonded abrasive is determined by an estimate or an addition in mm.

The consequence of this determination of the diameter is and was the need to test suitable tool diameters and the associated laborious gluing of tablets, foils and adjustment of the diameters of tablet carriers, foils and abrasive materials.

Thus, a requirement arose to establish a system for accurately determining the diameters and diameter coefficients of tools and their grinding materials, which would enable their production without the need for testing. The above-mentioned task is solved by the subject matter of the invention, which is a method for accurately determining the diameters and diameter coefficients of tools intended for machining spherical connecting and diffusing optical lenses, with bonded and loose abrasives and polishes.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the tool overhang angle alpha _N , or the length of the circular arc of the tool L _N for a given machining technique, is given by the product or quotient of the workpiece overhang angle alpha _Q , or the length of the circular arc L _Q and the constant K.

The constants of the given machining techniques are taken in the range K = 0.67 to 1.5.

After converting the workpiece overhang angle alpha _Q or the circular arc length L _Q and the tool overhang angle alpha^ or the circular arc length L _N into diameters φθ, 0^, their mutual ratio yields the diameter coefficient X^ for the given machining technique.

The method according to the subject of the invention can be advantageously used in spherical optics in the production of couplings, diffusers in three-phase technology for milling, lapping and polishing tools and their grinding materials, as well as for classical grinding and polishing technology. The use of the method according to the subject of the invention guarantees optimization, stabilization and the possibility of controllable control of technological processes.

An example of how to determine the tool diameter and diameter coefficient is shown in Fig. 1, where workpiece 1^ is on the lower unmarked spindle and tool 2 is on the upper unmarked spindle. The workpiece overhang angle alpha _o , or the length of the workpiece arc υθ, is given by the radius of curvature R _Q and the workpiece diameter 0 _Q .

Angle of the circular arc of the workpiece L _q = are alpha _Q . R _Q ;

tool overhang angle alpha _N = alpha _Q · ^{K and} the length of the circular tool = L _q . K, where the constant K is an auxiliary quantity determined empirically for a given machining technique.

After converting $alpha _Q and £alpha _N to diameters, we directly obtain the tool diameter 0 _N and by dividing the diameters

0 _Q ^a —N Pair coefficient X _N for a given workpiece clearance angle alpha _Q and a given machining technique.

«o = 2 R .sin —-— ! o o 2

Workpiece diameter 0 tool diameter

R„ <N average coefficient X _M = ®o

The diameter coefficient X _N can be used to determine the tool diameter 0 _N , for different cases of diameter 0θ and radius of curvature 2θ, but the same workpiece clearance angle alpha _o and the same machining technique.

Tool diameter ... 0 _N = 0 _Q . X _N< . The use of the method according to the subject of the invention has been tested and is used in several dozen cases in several machining techniques in production. It can be demonstrated on a practical example of the technique of machining tools with bonded abrasive grinding material with loose abrasive, where the radius of curvature of the workpiece R _Q = +35.56, the diameter of the workpiece 0 = 41.5, the constant of the given machining technique K = 1.4. The tool diameter 0 _N is determined directly without using the diameter coefficient X...

—N

Workpiece clearance angle „ . —o „ . 41.5 n = 2 . are sm ——— = 2 . are sin

2R

2.35.56 = 71.4;

tool overhang angle a _N = a _Q . K = 71.4 . 1.4 = 100.0 and tool diameter «Ν . 35.56 . sin

100

54.5.

Another example of using the method according to the subject invention is determining and converting diameter coefficients X _N into tables that are used to determine the tool diameter 0 _N ·

For the calculation, the range of the workpiece overhang angle 0 _Q is given, i.e. with a bonded abrasive tool , ,„O ,___________,, _ 1 «Ο workpiece curvature R„ = 1.

O

Tool overhang angle α _Ν = αθ . K = 128° . 1.4 = 179.2°;

tool diameter . R _o . sin — =2.1. sin

179.2 = 2.0000?

workpiece diameter ®o = ² · ^R o sin —-— = 2.1. sin

128 = 1.7976

0 _N 2.0000 average coefficient X _H = —— = —;— = 1.1126.

N 0 1.7976

The calculation is repeated for a given range of workpiece overhang angles alpha _Q of a given machining technique.

The tables are used in such a way that the given workpiece clearance angle alpha _Q is assigned the appropriate diameter coefficient X^ from the tables and its product with the workpiece diameter 0θ gives the tool diameter 0^. For example, the workpiece diameter 0θ = 54.9 and the workpiece radius of curvature R _q = +41.4 are given.

0o o

Workpiece projection angle cf _Q = 2 . are sin ——— = 83.1 = 83°;

oz tables X _N = 1.281 and tool diameter 0 _N = 0θ . X _N = 54.9 . 1.281 = 70.3.

The system of the method according to the subject of the invention has been used and verified in practice for a long time, thus enabling the control and management of technological processes. For the technology with bonded abrasive, data are developed and used for determining the diameters and diameter coefficients of bonding, polishing, grinding materials and lapping tools. The method according to the subject of the invention can be applied to various techniques of machining spherical surfaces.

Claims (3)

object of the invention A method for accurately determining the diameters and diameter coefficients of a tool intended for machining spherical bonding and diffusing optical lenses by bonded and free abrasive and polishing agents, characterized in that the tool-out angle (alpha _N ) or the arc length of the tool (L _N ) for the given machining technique is obtained from the product or fraction of the angle of projection of the workpiece (alpha _Q ) or the length of the arc (L _q ) and the constant (K). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the constants (K) of said machining techniques are taken in the range of 0.67 to 1.5. Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the angle of insertion of the workpiece (alpha _Q ) or the length of the arc (L _q ) and the angle of insertion of the tool (alpha _N ) or the length of the arc (L _N > respectively) are converted into diameters. 0 _Q 0 _N) and their mutual proportion gave a diametric coefficient (X ^) for the finishing techniques.