CS258057B1 - The first wall of a thermonuclear reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The first wall of the thermonuclear reactor is composed of two compact layers of material, each 5 mm thick, and two interlayers also 5 mm thick, which are filled with a fibrous porous structure made of copper fibers and mechanically compressed.

Description

The invention relates to a first wall of a thermonuclear reactor isolating plasma from a blanket under vacuum tightness conditions.

Until now, the first wall of a thermonuclear reactor, insulating plasma from the blanket, has been designed as a simple layer of compact material, usually metallic, which has possibly been coated with a layer of erosion-resistant material on the nlasm side. The first wall of the thermonuclear reactor should meet two basic contradictory requirements. On the one hand, I am able to resist the severe erosion on the side of the plasma, which has led to a tendency to increase the wall thickness, and on the other hand to resist the pulsating stress caused by thermocycling. Increasing the wall thickness results in reduced fatigue life.

This contradiction was solved in some cases by a compromise where the wall was designed so that it could be dismantled and replaced with a new one during the time of the reactor operation. However, this arrangement was very expensive, required handling of radioactive materials and was therefore dangerous, laborious and time consuming.

These drawbacks are solved by the first wall according to the invention, which consists of at least two rigid compact layers of material separated from each other by interspaces in which a fibrous, thermally conductive, porous structure is located.

♦

The first wall according to the invention satisfies both the high resistance to plasma erosion by gradually erosion of the material of the individual compact layers and of the porous structures, which may be numerous. At the same time, the first wall as a whole resists much, better, the thermal stress than the previous construction, in that the individual compact layers are sufficiently thin. The mechanical bond between the various compact layers is minimized.

next fibrous, porous structure that performs the function of heat conductor? In addition, the first wall of the present invention is much more shock and vibration resistant than the prior art first wall construction,

- 2 which is very important in thermonuclear reactors operating in pulse modes, eg systems with partial plasma retention. ... _f

4KO. cv

An example of a first wall according to the invention is a first wall consisting of three compact layers 1 of AISI 316 high alloy austenitic steel, each 5 mm thick, with two 5 m thick interspaces, fully filled with fibrous porous structure 2. · made of copper fibers of diameter 50 ftm and 7 mm long, mechanically pressed. Its thermal contact β by compact layers is ensured by sintering and possibly also by another heat treatment, eg by annealing the first wall as a whole.

The invention can be used in the construction of the first wall of thermonuclear reactors, independently of the concept of plasma retention, as well as in the construction of the first walls of all experimental devices

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 1. A first wall of a thermonuclear reactor characterized in that it consists of at least two rigid compact layers (1) of material separated from each other by interspaces in which a fibrous, thermally conductive, porous structure (2) is disposed. 2. The first wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the compact layer (1) 1 it is made of metal or metal alloy and the porous structure (2) is made of pressed metal fibers and its connection with the rigid compact layer (1) is made by sintering.