CS259590B1 - Oil for heat treatment of metal rollers - Google Patents

Abstract

Oil for heat treatment of metal parts, suitable mainly for thermal hardening at temperatures up to 180 °C, short-term up to 200 °Ο, is based on deeply refined petroleum oil with a viscosity of 4 to 30 mm2s_1. It contains two basic additives that fulfill several functions: they act as oxidation inhibitors, have detergent-dispersant properties, the oil is washable with water and provides short-term anti-corrosion protection for metal parts.

Description

259590

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an oil for the heat treatment of metal components, in particular, at a temperature of up to 180 ° C, shortly up to 200 ° C, with the possibility of subsequent washing with water, in particular for increasing its oxidation. -heat stability.

In the heat treatment, i.e. tempering tempering, cooling of the metals or heating of the metals is controlled to alter their properties. Hardening is the most common steel processing process. Here, steel-heated to about 800 ° C, having austenitic modification, is converted to other cooling rate-dependent modifications during cooling, and thus the steel. the required properties. They are used for quenching: cold, thermal and isothermal. Coraz is more important in the process of quenching (marquenching, martem-pering, step quenching), in which the molten article is immersed in the quenching bath of 160 to 200 ° C. Thermal quenching is advantageous in the quenching of thin-walled and broken parts, e.g. bearing rings, and results in much less frequent occurrence of deformations and cracks in cold-hardening. The components are heated in a hot bath, left there for the time needed to equalize the temperature throughout their cross section with the bath temperature, and then cooled to air. Thus, a mixture of bainite, martensite and residual austenite is formed in the steel. Hardened steel has increased hardness and toughness.

When quenching as coolants, barbecue materials are used, depending on the degree of quenching and the properties of the quenched object. In the vast majority of cases, oil oils are added with or without additives. Additives increasing the cooling rate of the quenching oil have a great affinity for the surface of the quenched component. Affinity helps to pierce the steam cushion in the first phase of hardening and thereby shorten it, zincens the wetting of the stick in the second phase and causes a change in the o-cooling course. A suitable curing agent is an oil-soluble sulphonate detergent together with an oxidation inhibitor and a surfactant. The complex additive added to the quench oil contains 12.4% Ba, about 0.2% P, 0.4% S, and 0.7% N. In thermal quenching, the oil should have a sufficiently high viscosity of 15 to 30 mm 2 s -1 at 100 ° C. , flash point 10 to 20 ° C above the bath temperature, high oxidation stability and, as a rule, contains a blending additive, oxidation stability and oil dispersing ability (Štěpina V., Veselý V .: Lubricants and Special Oils, Science edited by SAS, Bratislava 1980). Commercial-grade oils have a viscosity at 100 ° C predominantly in the range of 8 to 22 mm 2 c -1. In CSSRbol, an oil for hot-quenching was developed on the basis of a substantial viscous petroleum base (Kekenak J., Schucs L., BezakA., Oil and Coal, 26, 39/1984). The test of the ten-ten oil proved to be low in oxidation.

Some quenching oils, especially for so-called cold quenching, are produced as water-miscible - they contain a water-soluble resin. The water-washable curing oils exhibit the usual lower oxidation stability of non-washable analogs designed for preterm quenching. It is a drawback that water-repellent curing oils use at higher temperatures, resulting in short oil exchange times. These drawbacks are remedied by the oil for the heat treatment of metal components, water washable in the water-soluble surfactant content above 1%, usable for both cold and hot quenching according to the invention, the essence of which is to have base oil-based oil having a viscosity of 4 to 30 mm 2 s -1 at 100 ° C, is deeply refined with a viscosity index of 80 to 105 units and has a flash point of 210 ° C. The basic ingredients used are: a basic calcium or magnesium alkyl salicylate, optionally a mixture thereof, and a water-soluble surfactant, the ethanolamine salt of phosphoric acid esters and ethoxylated alcohols or alkylphenols. Alkylsalicylates Ca, Mg are detergent-dispersing additives to oils and also oxidation inhibitors at higher temperatures.

The curing oil further comprises a detergent-dispersant in an amount of 0.5 to 8.0 percent by weight. Coating oil may also contain other additives such as silicone oil to reduce foaming. The advantage of oil is the increased oxidation stability and water washability.

Quenching oil its composition and properties closer Specified in the examples. Přikladl

The quenching oil was prepared from a petroleum oil having a viscosity at 100 ° C of 7.17 mm 2 s -1, a viscosity index of 98 units, a flash point of 220 ° C and containing 5.4% of aromatic carbon. 3% by weight of calcium alkylsalicylate was added with TBN of 170 mg-KOH / g, and a content of 5.9% of Ca. As a further example, the triethanolamine salt of a mixture of phosphoric acid mono- and diesters of ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol C12 in an amount of 3% by weight was used. The oxidation stability of this oil was compared with the oxidation stability of commercial hardening oils. With the criterion of evaluating the oxidation stability, the consumption of 10 ml of oxygen in one gram-oil at 140 ° C was chosen.

Claims (3)

The following results were obtained: Oil Martemp 722E 875 δ Shell Voluta H Oil according to the invention 180 hr oxidation time which showed that the greatest oxidation stability was achieved in the case of quenching oil of the present invention. The oil oil of Martemp 722E is washable from commercial oil. The oil and oil of the present invention have been tested by a water washable contracting methodology, assessing the amount of oil remaining on the wash plate. On the test plates, in the case of Martemp 722E oil, 11.2 mg of oil and, in the case of quenching oil according to the invention, 10.0 mg of oil. All the compared oils in the quenching tests gave approximately the same cooling curves. 260 hrs 405 hrs 460 hrs Example 2 The quenching oil was prepared from a petroleum oil having a viscosity at 100 ° C of 11.45 mm 2 s -1, a viscosity index of 85 units, a flash point of 232 ° C and contained 6.7% aromatic carbon. This petroleum oil was added with 5 wt. % calcium alkyl salicylate having the properties of Example 1a 0.5% by weight; triethanolamine salt of phosphoric acid esters and ethoxylated dodecylphenol. Its oxidation stability was compared to that of the crude oil, unaddressed and treated with 5 wt. calcium alkyl salicylate. The same methodology was used to determine the oxidation stability of the oils as in Example 1. Oil starting with 5% According to Example 2 alkylsalicylic acid Ca oxidation time 95 h 320 h 360 h The results obtained indicate the advantages of combining the ingredients according to of the invention to increase the oxidation stability of the quenching oil. SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 1. Oil for the heat treatment of metal components, particularly suitable for thermal coating at temperatures up to 180 ° C, for short periods up to 200 ° C, with a water-soluble surfactant content above 1% as water-washable, characterized in that it contains petroleum oil oviscosity at 100 ° C 4 to 30 mm 2 s_1, deep refined with a viscosity index of 80 to 105 units, flash point above 210 ° C and a combination of detergent-dispersant additive with water-soluble surfactant in amounts of 0.5 to 8.0% by weight . 2. The oil of claim 1, wherein the detergent-dispersing agent comprises calcium alkylsalicylate and / or magnesium with a TBN of 150 to 350 mg KOH / g, having a C 10 to C 18 alkyl group. 3. The oil of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble surfactant comprises an ethanolamine salt of phosphoric acid esters and ethoxylated alcohols ranging from C10 to C18 and / or ethoxylated alkyl phenols with C10 to C18 alkyls.