CS272626B1 - Multistage oil for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

The given invention concerns the composition of motor oil for lubricating compression and ignition internal combustion engines.The essence of the invention is optimum combination of cindery and non-cindery antioxidant ingredients, other performance ingredients and viscosity modifiers in petroleum based oils, achieving high oxidative stability and detergent-dispersant ability of the motor oil.The engine oil consists of petroleum-based oil produced by selective refining, a viscosity ingredient and combination of the following performance enhancing ingredients:zinc dithiophosphate, phenol and amine antioxidants, sulphonates, phenolates and salicylates of metals of alkaline soil and succinimides and/or Mannich bases.

Description

The present invention relates to a multi-stage engine oil suitable for internal combustion engines.

For year-round lubrication of powerful petrol and diesel engines, multi-stage engine oils of viscosity grades SAE 5W / 30 to SAE 20W / 50 are used, but due to fuel savings, mainly less viscous oils of SAE class 101V / 30 to SAE 15W / 40. These engine oils consist of a base oil, a viscosity modifier, which are mainly styrene-isoprene copolymers, olefinic copolymers and polymethacrylates, and performance additives. As performance additives, zinc dithiophosphates, which have an antioxidant effect and improve the anti-abrasion properties of oils, sulfonates, phenolates, thiophosphates and salicylates of alkaline earth metal with the function of detergent-formed impurities and succinimides or Mannich bases, which disperse released insoluble substances, are commonly used. In order to obtain the desired properties, the above-mentioned performance additives are added in an amount of 5 to 15% by weight,

The same level of performance of the engine oil for internal combustion engines can be achieved with a lower overall deposition of the additives when using the engine oil of the composition of the invention, which is based on the synergistic effect of the antioxidant additives.

Two types of additives are used to slow down the oxidation of petroleum oils: high temperature antioxidants such as zinc dithiophosphates, which act as peroxide decomposers produced during the oxidation process, and ash-free phenol and amine-based antioxidants, which act as radical scavengers. While zinc dithiophosphate-type antioxidants are present in almost every motor oil, ashless antioxidants are used in less heat-stressed lubricating oils such as bearing, hydraulic, transformer and other oils.

The engine oil according to the invention consists of a petroleum base oil, produced by selective refining and refined by hydrogenation or contacting, with an aromatic carbon content of 2 to 12% by weight. and from zinc dithiophosphate type antioxidant additives in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 wt. and the type of phenols and amines, wherein the weight ratio of dithiophosphates to phenols and amines is from 1: 0.1 to 1: 0.6, of detergent additives: calcium sulfonates in an amount of 0.5 to 8% by weight, calcium phenolates and / or sallcylates alkaline earth metals in an amount of 0.5 to 7 wt.%, of dispersant additives: succinimides and / or Mannich bases in an amount of 1 to 10 wt.%, of viscosity modifiers in an amount of 0.5 to 15 wt.%, and of a depressant point. solids in an amount of 0.2 to 2 wt. The amounts of the additives referred to relate to industrial products containing approximately 50% of the active substance dissolved in the oil.

The advantage of the engine oil according to the invention over engine oils of the same level of utility properties produced by the conventional formulation is the lower yield of performance additives. On the other hand, with the same overall performance of the performance additives, a higher level of engine oil performance can be achieved by the process of the invention.

By way of illustration, exemplary embodiments are shown which illustrate the synergistic effect of a combination of antioxidants.

Example 1

Motor oil of SAE 101V / 40 viscosity and API SD / CB properties was prepared by the additivation of selectively refined and hydrotreated base oil having the following characteristics:

* 2

5.18 mm / s 92 viscosity at 100 viscosity index flash point pour point content C _A

208 ^U C

5 ° C

5.3% wt.

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6.0% wt. % of the additive mixture, which consisted of 1.0 wt. zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, 0.1 wt. % methylene-bis-alkylphenol, 0.1 wt. % alkyldiphenylamine and 4.8 wt. % of detergents and dispersants consisting of 1.8 wt. % calcium sulfonates, 1.4 wt. % calcium phenolate, 0.8 wt. succinimide and 0.8 wt.% Mannich base. The engine oil was concentrated with a styrene-isoprene copolymer in an amount of 1.5 wt. and polymethacrylate in an amount of 0.3 wt. to obtain an oil having the following characteristics:

viscosity at 100 ° C 2 14.57 mm / s viscosity at -20 ° C 2,9 Pa.s viscosity index 195 flash point 206 ° C pour point -33 ° C ash 0.92 wt. TBN 5.0 mgKOH / g The engine oil of the invention was tested on Petter AVI diesel engine

according to IP 175/77 and the results obtained are given in Table 1. The table also shows the results of the test of a reference engine oil which differed from the oil of the invention only in that it did not contain ashless phenolic and amine type ashless antioxidants and detergents and dispersants were increased. to 5.0%, so that the overall performance of the additives was the same while maintaining their ratio to each other.

Table 1: Petter AVI Engine Oil Test Results SAE 10W / 40

oil reference According to the invention baking rings 10 10 carbon filling 9.6 9.9 1st groove 2.1 6.0 2nd groove 2.9 7.0 3. groove 5.4 9.0 4. groove 8.3 9.6 / grooves 4.7 7.9 1st bridge 4.4 5.6 2. bridge 5.5 7.7 3. bridge 6.0 7.5 0 bridges 5.3 7.0 oil ring slot 10 10 Piston housing 9.5 9.9 inside the piston 9.9 10 the bottom of the piston 7.5 7.3 Punches on the crown 8.8 8.0 deposits on different parts 7.7 7.3 sum 83.0 87.3

The results of the Petter AVI engine tests have shown that the use of a combination of zinc dithiophosphate and phenolic and amine-type antioxidants makes it possible to significantly improve the oxidation resistance of the engine oil, which is manifested mainly in the region of the first piston groove where the piston temperature is highest.

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Example 2

Motor oil of SAE 10W / 30 viscosity and API SC / CB performance was prepared by the addition of selectively refined and contacting the refined base oil.

which had the following characteristics: viscosity at 100 ° C 5.04 mm ³ / s viscosity index 93 flash point 202 DEG pour point 5 ° C content C _A 4.7 wt.

5.0% wt. % of the additive mixture, which consisted of 1.0 wt. zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, 0.1 wt. % methylene-bis-alkylphenol, 0.1 wt. % alkyldiphenylamine and 3.8 wt. % detergents and dispersants consisting of 1.2 wt. % calcium sulfonates, 1.2 wt. % calcium phenolates, 0.7 wt. % of succinimides and 0.7 wt. Mannich bases. The engine oil was thickened with a styrene-isoprene copolymer in an amount of 1.2% by weight. and polymethacrylate in an amount of 0.3 wt. to obtain SAE 10W / 30 oil having the following characteristics:

viscosity at 100 C viscosity at -20 ° C viscosity.index flash point pour point ash

TBN

12.14 mm / s 2.4 Pa.s

146 204 -36 ° C 0.78 wt. 4.2 mgKOH / g

The engine oil according to the invention was tested on a Petter AVI engine according to IP 175/77 and the results are shown in Table 2. The reference engine oil listed in the table differed from the oil according to the invention in that it did not contain phenolic and amine-type ash-free antioxidants, dialkyldithiophosphates was the same 1.0 wt. and the total addition of performance additives was increased to 6.0 wt. while maintaining their relative relationship.

Table 2: Petter AVI Engine Oil Test Results SAW 101V / 30 oil reference According to the invention baking rings 10 10 filling carbon 9.8 10 1st groove 4.3 7.4 2, groove 3.1 8.4 3. groove 4.1 9.0 4. groove 9.0 6.3 ýf grooves 5.1 7.8 1st bridge 4.6 5.2 2. bridge 6.2 7.1 3. bridge 6.6 7.6 J2f bridges 5.8 6.6 oil ring slot 10 10 Piston housing 9/7 9.9 inside the piston 9.9 9.9 the bottom of the piston 6.8 5.0 Punches on the crown 8.5 8.2 deposits on various parts 7.8 8.0 sum 83.4 85.4

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The results of the Petter AVI engine tests have shown that the combination of ash and ashless antioxidants has a significant effect on the utility value of the engine oil as an increase in overall after-detergency and dispersant additives.

Example 3

Motor oil of SAE 15W / 50O viscosity and API SD / CB performance was prepared by the addition of a base oil consisting of a 15 wt% blend. selectively refined oil labeled 874 W and 85% high pressure hydrogenated oil labeled OHSP 105.

The properties of the base oil and its components were as follows:

oil: foundation 874 W OHSP viscosity at 100 ° C, mm ² / sec 6,702 16.17 6. viscosity index 110 83 115 flash point, ° C 220 236 214 pour point, ° C -16. -14 -16 content of C 1, wt. 3.7 10.1 2

6.0% wt. % of a mixture of the additives mentioned in Example 1 and 10 wt. a polymethacrylate-type viscosity modifier to obtain a motor oil having the characteristics of:

o '2

16.85 mm / s 3.3 Pa.s 174

222 DEG -34 DEG

0.94 wt. 5,0 mg KOH / g viscosity at 100 ^U C viscosity at -15 ° C viscosity index flash point freezing point ash

TBN

The engine oil of the invention was subjected to the Petter AVI engine test according to IP 175/77 and the results are shown in Table 3. The table also shows the tests of a reference oil which differed from the oil according to the invention in that it did not contain ashless antioxidants and the content of other additives was maintained.

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Table 3: Petter AVI Engine Oil Test Results SAE 15W / 40 oil reference According to the invention baking rings 10 10 filling carbon 9.3 9.5 1st groove 6.0 6.4 2nd groove 3.3 6.4 3. groove 7.6 6.3 4. groove 9.9 9.7 ýf grooves 6.7 7.2 1st bridge 5.1 5.9 2. bridge 9.2 9.0 3. bridge 9.8 8.3 / bridges 8.0 7.7 oil ring slot 10 10 comb piston 9.5 10 inside the piston 10 10 the bottom of the piston 6.2 6.7 Punches on the crown 8.2 8.8 deposits on various parts 5.7 5.8 sum 83.6 85.7

The results of the Petter AVI engine tests confirmed the synergistic effect of ashless antioxidants.

Example 4

Motor oil of SAE 20W / 40 viscosity and API SF / CD performance was prepared by the additivation of selectively refined and hydrotreated base oil, which had the following characteristics:

viscosity at 100 ° C 7.6 mm ² / s viscosity index 90 flash point 224 ° C pour point -12 ° C content 7.3 wt.

15.1 wt. % of a performance additive mixture consisting of 0.9 wt. % zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with alkyl Οθ, 0.5 wt. % zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with C 1-4 alkyl, 0.1 wt. % methylene-bis-hexylphenol, 0.1 wt. % heptyldiphenylamine, 1.5 wt. % calcium phenolate, 3.5 wt. calcium salicylate,

3.5 wt. % calcium sulfonate, 5.0 wt. % of sukeimide and 3.3 wt. % of a viscosity additive mixture consisting of 0.3 wt. % styrene-isoprene copolymer and 3.0 wt. polymethacrylate. Engine oil properties:

viscosity at 100 ° C about 15.60 mm / s viscosity at -10 ° C 4.1 Pa.s viscosity index 133 flash point 226 ° C pour point -30 ° C ash 1.22% by weight, TBN 13.4 mgKOH / g

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The engine oil according to the invention has been tested on a Petter AVB supercharged engine according to IP 279/725 and the results obtained are shown in Table 4. The table also shows the results of the test of a reference oil which differed from the oil according to the invention in that it did not contain ashless antioxidants and the other ingredients were retained.

Table 4: Petter AVB Engine Oil Test Results SAE 20W / 40

oil reference According to the invention 1st groove 4.4 9.1 2nd groove 8.9 9.9 3. groove 9.7 9.9 1st bridge 8.0 9.2 2. bridge 9.5 9.7 Piston housing 9.9 9.9 the bottom of the piston 7.5 6.9 sum of 10/7 82.7 92.3

The results of the Petter AVB engine tests demonstrated the advantage of the engine oil composition of the invention.

Claims (2)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Multistage engine oil for petroleum based internal combustion engines, antioxidant, detergent, dispersant and antifoaming additives and viscosity modifier, characterized in that it comprises a petroleum base oil produced by selective refining and refined by hydrogenation and / or contacting, with viscosity at Mp 100 ° C 4.5 to 8 mm / s, with a viscosity index of min. 90, having an aromatic-bonded carbon content of 2 to 12% by weight, antioxidant additives of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate type in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 wt. and the type of alkylphenols and alkylaromatic amines, wherein the weight ratio of dithiophosphates to phenols and amines is 1: 0.1 to 1: 0.6, detergent additives: calcium sulfonates in an amount of 0.5 to 8% by weight, calcium phenolates and / or salicylates alkaline earth metals in an amount of 0.5 to 7% by weight, dispersant additives: succinimides having a molecular weight of 800 to 4500 and / or Mannich bases with a molecular weight of 700 to 5000 in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, viscosity modifiers: styrene-diene copolymers having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 200,000 and / or polymethacrylates having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 400,000 and / or alkene copolymers having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1200,000 in an amount of 0.5 to 15% by weight. and a freezing point depressant in an amount of 0.2 to 2 wt. 2. The multi-stage engine oil according to claim 1, wherein the petroleum base oil consists of a mixture of oil produced by selective refining and oil produced by hydrogenation at a pressure of min. 10 MPa, the content of selectively refined oil in the base. % of the base oil is 5 to 100 wt.