CS276123B6 - Tableted fertilizer for long-term plant nutrition - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a tableted fertilizer for long-term plant nutrition based on urea or urea-formaldehyde condensate, potassium sulfate or chloride, growth stimulator and cytokinins, characterized in that it contains 1 to 10 wt. % reactive magnesium or calcium components such as magnovite or nitrogenous lime and 2 to 10 wt. % finely ground natural zeolite with trace elements. The fertilizer does not contain any binder or hydrophobic additives, and it is used that after pressing a homogeneous powder mixture of all starting raw materials into tablet form, reactions occur, the result of which is the formation of a solid, water-indestructible structure. The water-soluble form of P2°5 almost disappears, but the lemon-soluble form of P2°5, which is assimilated by plants, remains at the level of 50 to 10 wt. /J total content ρ2°5· when placing the tablet in water, its solid structure will remain preserved for a number of weeks to months, while nutrients are released very slowly only from the ^top layer of the tablet. Fertilizer with a tablet weight of 15 to 25 g is preferably used when planting forest, fruit and ornamental tree crops, smaller tablets are used when growing garden crops and ornamental flowers in households and large-scale pastoralists.

Description

The invention relates to a tableted fertilizer for long-term plant nutrition based on urea or urea-formaldehyde condensate, superphosphate, micronized phosphate and potassium sulfate.

Several patents or copyright certificates have already been granted for the preparation of shaped fertilizers of various types and compositions. Some of them have also been implemented and shaped fertilizers produced according to them have been placed on the market. In our country, the most famous fertilizer tablets are called FERTILINZ, which are described in the Czechoslovak copyright certificate δ. 188886. Maňarský patent 27 409 describes a briquetted fertilizer based on superphosphate, urea and potassium salt, which ee sells under the name GRAMAX. Czechoslovak copyright certificates No. 201231, 2228C6 and 22867 describe shaped fertilizers of various shapes prepared by compacting a mixture of various, mostly easily soluble raw materials with the addition of binders and water-repellent additives.

It has now been found that it is possible to produce fertilizer tablets with long-term nutrient release without binders and foreign hydrophobic additives, even from relatively soluble starting materials. The condition for this is the appropriate choice of these materials and their mutual ratio, so that the reactions taking place in the solid phase after compression lead to the reaction of the components and the formation of a solid, water-insoluble structure.

The basic components of the tableted fertilizer according to the invention are urea or urea-formaldehyde condensate, potassium sulfate or chloride, powdered superphosphate and micro-ground phosphate. By adding 1 to 10 wt. % of a reactive magnesium or calcium component, such as magnovite or nitrogenous lime, to the above mixture of starting materials, the water-soluble form of P _o 0g is significantly reduced or almost completely eliminated during pressing. However, 60 to 80% of the total P ₂ °5 content remains in a lemon-soluble and therefore plant-usable form. The remaining part of the phosphorus is usable with the help of soil bacteria, since it is present in the form of micro-ground phosphate. As a result of the reactions that have taken place after pressing, the tablets have very high mechanical resistance and their structure is not destroyed even when placed in clean water for several weeks to months. The nutrients are released gradually and very slowly only from the surface layer of the tablet. By creating a solid, water-indestructible structure, it is impossible to leach other, even highly soluble nutrients from the inside of the fertilizer tablet.

The qualitative difference of the tableted fertilizer according to the invention in comparison with other available samples of shaped fertilizers is documented in the table, which lists the contents of the individual forms P ₂ 0 _g . Since the individual fertilizers differ in phosphorus content, the total content of P 9 O 5 was always set equal to 100%.

Shaped fertilizer _P20g content in % total citr. solution water heater FERTILIZER 100 2.4 1.3 GRAMAX 100 76.7 64.4 AO 201 231 . 100 94.2 69.1 PV - ex. 3 100 74.7 1.1

In soil conditions, the release of nutrients is facilitated not only by soil moisture but also by bacterial microflora, whose activity changes throughout the calendar year and is highest during the growing season. This factor also contributes to the regulation of nutrient release, because during the dormant period, when the activity of soil bacteria is suppressed, nutrients will not be released from the tablets to a significant extent, even if the soil moisture is extremely high, while during the growing season the supply of nutrients to plants will be disproportionately higher.

EN 276 123 B6 2

The tableted fertilizer according to the invention contains, in addition to the main and secondary nutrients, trace elements in a mixture with finely ground natural zeolite, and also /1 - indolylacetic acid or <X- potassium naphthylacetate as a growth stimulator and nicotinic acid as a cytokinin. The microelements are present in the form of technical salts, with the exception of titanium, which was used in the form of a complex prepared by crystallization of a solution obtained according to PV 3775-85.

The advantage of the invention is the fact that tableted fertilizer for long-term plant nutrition can be produced without the use of binders and hydrophobic additives, even from relatively soluble starting materials, and that the degree of strengthening of the tablet structure, and thus the degree of slowing down the release of nutrients, can be changed by the amount of reactive magnesium or calcium component.

The use of tableted fertilizer with a tablet weight of 15 to 25 g is advantageous for long-term nutrition of forest, fruit and ornamental tree crops, grapevine and hop seedlings. Tablets with a lower weight are useful for growing garden crops demanding nutrients, such as strawberries, as well as for growing ornamental flowers in households and large-scale growers.

Example 1

First, a mixture of trace elements and growth stimulants is prepared in the amount per 100 kg of tableted fertilizer. For this purpose, the following are weighed: 500 g of green feldspar, 900 g of borax, 100 g of crystalline ammonium molybdate, 250 g of crystalline manganese sulfate, 250 g of blue feldspar, 350 g of crystalline zinc sulfate, 25 g of crystalline cobalt sulfate, 25 g of titanium complex (obtained by crystallization of the solution according to PV 3775-85), 0.5 g of β-indolyl acetic acid or potassium o<-naphthyl acetate, 0.5 g of nicotinic acid and 700 g of finely ground natural zeolite. Then the β-indolyl acetic acid or potassium o<-naphthyl acetate and nicotinic acid are dissolved in about 10 ml of ethanol and the zeolite is moistened with the solution, which is then mixed well. The weighed salts of microelements are added to the zeolite, everything is stirred and homogenized by a common mixer. ' ........□tle are weighed 30 kg of urea-formaldehyde condensate, 18 kg of powdered superphosphate, 18 kg of micro-ground phosphate, 24 kg of potassium sulfate, 6 kg of kieserite, 1 kg of magnovite, 2 kg of finely ground natural zeolite and 3 kg of the prepared mixture of trace elements and growth stimulants. All substances are mixed and the mixture is well homogenized. Tablets weighing 20 g are pressed from the prepared powder mixture. After pressing, the pressings are left in a dry warehouse for at least 2 days to increase their strength.

The produced fertilizer contains: 11 wt. % nitrogen, 8.8 wt. % ^Ρ 2°5» l· ² · ⁵ wt. % K90, 2.2 wt. % MgO, growth stimulants and trace elements - 0.1 wt. % iron, 0.1 wt. % & boron, 0.02 wt. % molybdenum, 0.05 wt. % manganese, 0.05 wt. % copper, 0.08 wt. % zinc, 0.005 wt. % cobalt, 0.005, wt. % titanium, 5.10” ⁴ wt. % β - indolylacetic acid, or potassium o<- naphthylacetate and 5.10 ^-4 wt. X nicotinic acid. The content of the water-soluble form P^05 is 2.2 wt. %, the content of the lemon-soluble form ^P 2°gj® ®· ³ wt. %. After being placed in water, the tablet retains its original shape for several hours to days.

Example 2

Weigh out 27 kg of powdered urea, 17 kg of powdered euperphosphate, 17 kg of micro-ground phosphate, 28 kg of potassium sulfate, 6 kg of magnovite, 2 kg of finely ground natural zeolite and 3 kg of a mixture of microelements and growth stimulants prepared by the procedure described in example 1. Everything is mixed well and the homogeneous powder mixture is tableted. After pressing, the product is left in a dry warehouse for at least 2 days to increase its strength. The produced fertilizer contains: 12 wt. % nitrogen, 8 wt. % total. ^P 2°5' ¹⁵ h ^mot · λ ^K 2°» ^4.5 ^ ^mot · % MgO, growth stimulants and trace elements in the same concentrations as the product described in example 3

CS 276 123 B6 du 1. The fertilizer contains 0.9 wt. % of the water-soluble form P ₂ 0 _g ^{and 5} wt. % of the lemon-soluble form P ₂ 0 ₅ · After being placed in water, the tablet retains its structure for several weeks to months, losing no more than 50% of its original weight in 4 weeks.

Example 3

Weigh out 25 kg of powdered urea, 5 kg of powdered nitrogenous lime, 20 kg of powdered superphosphate, 20 kg of micro-ground phosphate, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, 4 kg of kieserite, 3 kg of finely ground natural zeolite and 3 kg of a mixture of microelements and growth stimulants prepared by the procedure given in example 1. Everything is mixed well and tablets are pressed from the perfectly homogeneous mixture. After pressing, the product is left in a dry warehouse for at least two days to increase its strength. The produced fertilizer contains: 11.5 wt. % nitrogen, 9.5 wt. % ^P 2°5* ¹⁰ % ^K ₂ °· ^1.0 h ¹⁰ *· % MgO, growth stimulants and trace elements in concentrations in the product in example 1. The content of water-soluble form ^p ₂ °sj® 0.1 wt. . content of lemon-soluble form 7.1 wt. %. After being placed in water, the tablet retains its structure for several months, losing no more than 25% of its original weight in 4 weeks.

Example 4

Weigh out 22 kg of powdered urea, 22 kg of powdered superphosphate, 22 kg of micro-ground phosphate, 27 kg of potassium chloride, 2 kg of magnovite, 2 kg of a mixture of microelements and growth stimulants prepared according to example 1 and 3 kg of finely ground natural zeolite. Mix everything well and press tablets or briquettes from the perfectly homogeneous mixture. After pressing, the product is left in a dry warehouse for at least two days to increase its strength. The produced fertilizer contains: 10% nitrogen, 10 XP ₂ 0 _g , 1® % K ₂ 0, MgO, a flight stimulator and trace elements in the amounts as in the product in the example.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS A tableted fertilizer for long-term plant nutrition based on urea or urea-formaldehyde condensate, superphosphate, micronized phosphate, sulfate or potassium chloride, a growth stimulator and cytokinin, characterized in that it contains 1 to 10 wt. % of reactive magnesium or calcium component As magnovite or dueicate lime and 2 to 10 wt. % of finely ground natural zeolite ee with trace elements. 2. A tableted fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % iron, 0.5 to 0.1 wt. % of boron, 0.02 to 0.05 wt. % molybdenum, 0.03 to 0.08 wt. % -3 manganese, 0.03 to 0.06 wt. % copper, 0.05 to 0.1 wt. % zinc, 5 to 10 wt. % • »3« · Λ cobalt, 5 to 10.10 wt. % titanium, 5 to 10.10 "wt. % of t-indolylacetic acid or potassium t-naphthylacetate and 5 to 10.10 ^-4 wt. % nicotinic acid.