CZ2000962A3 - Ballast-free permanent way - Google Patents

Abstract

The chipless railway superstructure has pre-fabricated concrete support plate (1) for receiving rails. Supporting boards (1) \ t they have a greater dimension in the longitudinal direction of the superstructure than in the transverse direction and are provided with at least two recesses (2) that go from top to bottom continuously and are in shape, and open downwards. The base mortar (6) resting on the floor (9) for example from rock leveled with concrete, it is stretched into at least two recesses (2), Between pre-fabricated concrete carriers the plates (1) and the base mortar (6) are on the underside the support plate (1) is pre-fabricated, rubber-elastic layer (11). The concrete support plates (1) are their leading spaced apart by the sides flexible layer (11) on the underside of concrete support plate (1) overlapping this plate) 1), and is essentially uniform thickness. There is a gap between the end faces of the support plates (1) (24), having a width of 0.02 to 1.5 times the thickness of the concrete support plates (1) without concrete.

Description

Gravelless superstructure

Technical field

The invention relates to a gravel-free railway superstructure with pre-fabricated concrete support plates, for accommodating rails, which plates have a larger dimension in the longitudinal direction of the railway superstructure than in the transverse direction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Operation on rails is of particular importance, both for the transport of goods, and for transporting passengers. In addition to design improvements to rolling elements, the rail superstructure is of particular importance for both higher speeds and greater driving comfort. Furthermore, it is desirable that the maintenance time of the rail superstructure be reduced as much as possible, and that faults can be eliminated in the short term. This task set-up has led to extensive development of the so-called gravel-free railway superstructure. Different designs have to solve different tasks. Since the rails must be replaceable, a detachable connection to the supporting elements must be available for the rails. These load-bearing elements may consist of either a sleeper grate or length-limited concrete slabs. For example, the sleeper grate may be arranged in still unreinforced concrete, the rails having to be precisely positioned to ensure the exact position of the rails. A further possibility consists in the arrangement of the support plates with which the rails are also detachably connected. For precise positioning in longitudinal and transverse directions

- 2 rails, the ends of the plates may be provided with semicircular recesses which engage the respective circular cylinders extending perpendicularly from the ground. In contrast to this arrangement, recesses in the form of circular cylinders can also be formed in the ground, into which the circular half-cylinders projecting downwards extend. By means of these cylindrical holding devices, no precise positioning is achieved because displacements can occur along the cylindrical surfaces. When the protrusion or cylinder that breaks upwards, this end of the plate is without any fastening.

A further possibility for fastening such support plates to the substrate is that recesses are formed in the support plates, in particular a through recess, for example a rectangular recess, wherein both the longitudinal and transverse directions can be carried out with the desired accuracy. When a plurality of large-area recesses are provided in the support plates, particularly large forces can be absorbed. A further advantage is that this also significantly reduces the weight of the carrier plates.

Another important task which must also be solved in the case of a gravel-free railway superstructure is that the railway superstructure must not behave like a rigid body under load, but must be spring-loaded under load. Such suspension must be in the range of a few millimeters. In the gravel subsoil, the elastic suspension is achieved by compressing the subsoil, which, once released, leads to its expansion again. These processes cause the gravel bed to be worn while simultaneously pushing the gravel grains from the area under the sleepers, so that regular maintenance work is needed, namely tamping the ballast bed, especially under the sleepers. The gravel-free railway superstructure is usually provided with its own structural element for this suspension procedure. Therefore, it may be under the fret grate or • ·

- a resiliently deformable layer is also provided under the support plates.

EP 0 516 612 B1 discloses a gravel-free railway superstructure which has a base plate which is produced on site (in situ). This base plate can also be made in the form of a trough. On this plate is placed on a layer of concrete underlay mortar, possibly equipped with a steel reinforcement, a bearing plate with which two rails are detachably connected. To position these concrete slabs in position, the mortar can interfere with the rectangular through-going recesses of the carrier slab. A further possibility is that at the respective ends of the support plate, with respect to the longitudinal direction of the railway superstructure, protrusions projecting downwards are formed which extend into the recesses of the base plate, the gap being also filled with a base mortar. The rectangular recesses, between the penetrated substrate mortar and the support plate, can also be provided with a rubber-elastic layer. These rubber-elastic layers exactly match the outer dimensions of the carrier plates. To improve the acoustic properties of such a structure, the carrier plates can be coated on their free-facing surfaces. Although such a structure has proven itself, it must be made with extreme precision, and any damage to these layers must be avoided in order to achieve the desired properties.

From AT 390 976 B, from which the prior art of the present invention is based, there is known a method for producing a gravel-free railway superstructure, as well as a gravel-free railway superstructure made according to this method. The preformed concrete support plates are kept at a distance from the ground by means of spindles arranged in the corners of the plates. The support plates have a through recess. The carrier plates may be provided on their surfaces facing the ground and in recesses of a resilient coating • • · · · ···· »· ·· <• · · · · · * • ¹ · · · · · ··· ' • · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

4 a material, for example of polyurethane, which is applied in the liquid state and then allowed to cure. Another possibility is that the rubber-elastic layers are pre-fabricated and exactly match the dimension on which the support plates are laid. Substrate mortar is then fed through the injection holes as well as the holding holes. After it has set, the supports can be removed. Then the rails can be detachably fastened by means of screws which engage in plastic dowels arranged in the support plate. The disadvantage of this method is that it must be operated with particularly high precision to ensure that the entire lower surface of the support plate abuts the substrate mortar only over the rubber-elastic layer, and that there is no area in which the substrate mortar is in direct contact with carrier plate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a gravel-free railway superstructure having load-bearing concrete slabs which are easy to manufacture in advance, of low weight and which can be arranged with precise longitudinal fastening, and which ensure uniform suspension of the carrier slab on the substrate. should prevent as much as possible acoustic bridges between the subsoil and the support plates.

Gravel-free railway superstructure with pre-fabricated concrete support plates, for accommodating rails, where the plates have a larger dimension in the longitudinal direction of the railway superstructure than in the transverse direction, with at least two particularly symmetrically arranged recesses which extend from top to bottom continuously a polygon, especially a rectangle, and

They are open downwards, and in particular are provided with sides of different lengths, the longer sides being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the railway superstructure, the foundation mortar resting on the floor, for example of a rock leveled with concrete, extending into at least two recesses, In particular, a pre-fabricated rubber-elastic layer, in particular with a granulate of rubber-elastic materials, is arranged on the underside of the concrete-bearing slab and the base mortar, the concrete-bearing slabs being spaced apart from one another according to the invention. the rubber-elastic layer on the underside of the concrete support slab extends over the slab, in particular by at least 0.02-0.5 times the thickness of the concrete support slab along at least one side, and in particular three sides, especially its entire perimeter, and has a substantially uniform tlouš to, and that between the end faces, which are optionally provided with a rubber-elastic layer is a gap which does not contain concrete, in particular a width of 0.02 to 1.5 times the thickness of the concrete support plate.

Thanks to the pre-fabricated concrete support plate with which the rails are detachably fastened, components of a gravel-free railway superstructure can be produced which must be of high precision, not on-site, but in factory production. By providing the concrete support plate with recesses, in particular through-holes, its weight can be reduced without substantially affecting its strength, with the said recesses in the shape of a polygon, in particular a rectangle, particularly positively positioning the support plates on higher loads. subsoil. Due to the arrangement of a rubber-elastic layer between a leveled foundation, such as concrete, between the underlying mortar laid on the foundation, and between the concrete

The desired suspension of the railway track superstructure can be achieved with the support plate, while at the same time the formation of acoustic bridges can also be prevented when accurately positioned. By arranging the concrete support plates at a distance from each other, these plates can themselves be maintained at various temperatures without damage to each other.

Due to the overlap of the rubber-elastic layer over the lateral edges of the concrete support plate, any direct contact between the underlay mortar and the concrete support plate can be avoided, because the overlapping edges of the rubber-elastic layer condition the carrier plate to be sealed. and, on the other hand, a direct connection of the base mortar to the concrete support slab can be avoided simply and safely. Due to the overlap of the rubber-elastic layer on at least one side, namely the front side where one concrete support slab adjoins another concrete support slab, sealing the joint between the two concrete support slabs can be achieved in a simple and efficient way, thereby preventing penetration of the underlying mortar into this crack. When the support plate is arranged in the trough, the sealing of the concrete trusses with respect to and against the trough can be prevented, and due to the overlapping of the rubber-elastic layer to the three sides sufficient sealing against the trough and also adjacent concrete support plates can already be achieved. If a joint is formed between the end faces of the concrete support plates, which does not contain concrete, which is possibly covered upwards, the thermal expansion of the concrete support plates can be particularly easily taken into account, and the surface water can also be discharged through the joint.

If the bottom of the joint is formed by an overlapping rubber-elastic layer, penetration φ * ··· <

φφφφ φφφφ the base mortar into this joint, while ensuring the free mobility of the concrete bearing plates, for example by thermal expansion.

If there is an overlapping area at the bottom of the joint, resp. the overlapping regions of the rubber-elastic layer of the two adjacent concrete support plates are reversed respectively. facing downwards and possibly connected, respectively. These joints between the two slabs can be sealed to the extent that the substrate does not penetrate upwards. Furthermore, there is the possibility that a sliding insert is inserted into the joints already during manufacture, by which the rubber-elastic layer is pressed downwards. After the base mortar has set, this sliding insert can be removed, whereby the rubber-elastic layer is optionally connected to the base mortar. This creates a gap which has a predetermined width due to the sliding insert and which is also particularly suitable for draining surface water.

If the joint is covered at the top with a metal or plastic profile or the like, the free unrestricted expansion of the concrete support plates can be ensured in the long term, so that damage caused by thermal expansion can easily be avoided.

If the rubber-elastic layer on the underside of the concrete support plates leaves dimensionally precisely free recesses of the concrete support plate, the rubber-elastic layer has recesses which correspond exactly to the recesses of the concrete support plate, so that any layers can be applied particularly accurately on the side walls of these recesses; there will be no gaps in which the undercoat mortar could possibly penetrate, thus creating a material bond between the undercoat mortar and the concrete support slab, which would both condition the acoustic bridges and reduce the desired spring properties.

• ·

If the recess walls are provided in particular with a prefabricated coating which covers the rubber-elastic layer on the underside in the recess area, this provides a particularly secure lining of the concrete support plate, which ensures that no underlying mortar does not come into direct contact in the recess area of the recess .

If the concrete support plates are provided with transverse and longitudinally extending free reinforcement, leaving free recesses, the produced concrete support plates can have a particularly low weight, so that both easy handling is guaranteed and the inertia of the superstructure is greatly reduced due to the large concrete support plates .

If only one preformed layer of rubber-elastic material is adhered to the walls of the recesses, the joints in the corners of the recesses may also be omitted. Such a lining of these walls may exhibit a weakening of the material in the regions corresponding to the respective corners of the recesses, so that the linings can simply stick around the respective corners.

If the base mortar and the concrete support slab are at least partially arranged on one concrete slab or a concrete slab, respectively. In a concrete basin arranged on the ground, it can be achieved that forces not only from the base mortar but also additionally from the concrete support plate are transmitted via the side walls of the basin to the ground or to the ground. an additional structural element is available to distribute forces evenly to the ground.

If the concrete trough or concrete support plate is supported on the ground, in particular by means of completely flat rubber-elastic washers, it is advantageously possible to avoid or prevent the construction of bridges, tunnels and others in a very simple manner. attenuate the transmission of vibrations, as well as • • · ·

- 9 conditional noise.

If the rubber-elastic washers consist of at least two profiles extending in the longitudinal direction of the rail superstructure, these profiles can be laid particularly easily, and the exact positioning of the bath can be carried out by the simplest means.

If the concrete trough or concrete support plate is supported on the substrate by means of a plurality of separately spaced rubber resilient pads, the transmission of vibrations from the concrete support plate to the substrate can simply be controlled, for example, by the spacing of the resilient pads. By varying the distances between one another, it is possible to prevent the transmission of a certain frequency oscillation, preferably from concrete support plates, to the ground.

If a rubber-resilient layer is provided between the concrete support plate and the side wall of the concrete basin and is fixed to the concrete support plate, the direct force action may be affected, but due to the resilient layer an equalization is achieved, while only the attenuated noise is transmitted.

If the surface of the rubber-elastic layer facing downwards is provided with a release agent, in particular wax, the concrete support plates can be replaced particularly easily because there is no material connection between the rubber-elastic layer and the substrate mortar.

Overview of the drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The object of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows the railroad superstructure according to the invention, seen from above;

10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a removable attachment of one rail, FIG. 4 shows a spindle for adjusting the concrete support plate, FIG. 5 shows the concrete support plate in FIG. 6 shows a rubber-elastic inner lining for the recess, and FIG. 7 shows a gap between two concrete support plates.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows two concrete support plates 1 having top-down recesses 2 and through-holes 3.

The rails 4 are detachably fastened to these concrete support plates 1. Threads 5 are arranged in the four corners of the concrete support plates 1, which are connected to the spindles for height positioning of the concrete support plates 1. The support plates 1 have a dimension of 2400 nm by 5160 mm. Typical dimensions are 2000 nm to 2700 mm times 3000 nm to 7000 mm. Their thickness is 140 nm to 250 mm, in this case 160 mm. The recesses 2 have a rectangular shape, the longer side of the rectangle being arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail superstructure and having a dimension of 900 nm, on the other hand, a transverse dimension of 600 nm.

The concrete support slabs 1 are supported, as is particularly evident from FIG. 2, over the substrate mortar 6 on the substrate, namely on the body of the concrete basin 7. This concrete basin 7 in turn rests by means of rubber-elastic profiles 8 on a leveled base 9. Bathtub can also use a concrete slab. Furthermore, a continuous rubber-elastic layer may be used instead of these profiles. For particularly high demands on •

- 11 speed the concrete bathtub or concrete slab can be placed on the ground! by means of a plurality of separate rubber-elastic pads. In this way, it is possible, on the one hand, to transmit vibration only to separate locations on the subsoil, and furthermore it is possible, due to different spacings of the substrates, to prevent the transmission of a particular frequency vibration preferably to the subsoil. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the spacing of the washers so that, for example, the existing vibration is transmitted with little or no intensity. The concrete support plates 1 have a loose reinforcement 10 which, on the one hand, ends before the recesses 2, and on the other hand extends in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the rail superstructure. The concrete overlap is at least 25 mm. The concrete backing plate 1 has a pre-fabricated layer 11 on its side facing the floor, having a thickness of 30 mm and extending beyond the outer contours of the concrete backing plate 1. This layer is made of rubber parts of medium size 15 nm to 20 mm which are bonded with polyurethane binder. However, an injection molded plastic film is also suitable. In the transverse direction, this layer overlaps by at least 5 mm the width of the concrete support plate 1, while in the longitudinal direction of the rails, this rubber-elastic coating overlaps the concrete support plate 1 by 2.5 cm when the applied layer extends over the concrete support plate 1 on each front side. Now that the overlap is given on three sides, then the applied layer overlaps the joint. If the concrete support slabs are not mounted in the bath, but only on another concrete slab or on a leveled foundation by means of a foundation mortar, it is then sufficient if the joint is sealed between the two support slabs. This sealing of the joint can be carried out by means of an overlapping rubber-elastic layer applied to only one support plate, or also by means of a rubber-elastic layer applied over both ends of the support plates.

• ·

The backing mortar 6 also extends into the recesses 2 of the concrete support plate 1, the side walls of the concrete backing plate 1 also having a rubber-elastic coating 12. The reinforcing layer 13 extends into the backing mortar 6 in the recesses 2 so that the backing mortar 6 can also better to capture tensile stresses.

As can be seen more clearly from FIG. 3, the rail 4 is detachably connected to the concrete support plate 1. The support plate 1 has an elevated portion 14 so that the rails 4 can be arranged higher than the other areas of the support plate 1. 15, which are connected to bolts 16, which detachably connect the rail 4 to the concrete support plate 1 by means of clamps 17, a base plate 18 and a rubber-elastic insert plate 19.

FIG. 4 shows a corner section of a concrete support plate 1 in cross-section. In this corner section, a plastic thread 5 which engages the thread of the spindle 20 is embedded. This spindle 20 has an eye 21 which serves to facilitate the actuation of the spindle 20. To inject the underlying mortar 6, the concrete support plate 1 is now proceeded. is precisely positioned on the base 9 or on the bottom of the concrete basin 7 by means of four spindles 20 positioned at each corner of the slab. A pre-fabricated rubber layer 11 of Shore A 65 hardness has been applied to the concrete support plate 1 having a thickness d of 160 mm. After precisely positioning the concrete support plate 1, the grout can be injected through these recesses 2 as well as the injection holes 3. 11 extends, as is particularly clear, over the contours of the concrete support plate 1 and terminates on the wall 28 of the concrete trough 7. Next, a rubber-elastic layer 27 is attached to the concrete support plate 1 where it is located between the wall 28 and the concrete support plate 1. The backing mortar 6 has a thickness di 100 mm (from 3 cm to 20 cm). The rubber-elastic layer 11 is on its own. · ············ · · · ···

13 is provided with a separating agent, namely wax, on the bottom surface facing the concrete bath 7. Therefore, in the case of repair, and also when replacing the concrete support plate 1, it can be easily removed.

FIG. 5 shows a section of a concrete support plate 1 with a recess 2, it being clearly seen that the rubber-elastic layer 11 exactly corresponds to the contour of the concrete support plate 1 in the area of the recesses 2, on the other hand 22 rubber-elastic layers

11.

As shown in FIG. 6, the deposited layer 12 can be made in one piece, and the areas 23 that correspond to the respective recess corners weaken the material so that a simple folding of the preformed deposited layer into a quadrangle can be performed.

In Fig. 7 two concrete support slabs 1 are shown, between which a joint 24 is formed. In this joint 24 a sliding insert 25 is provided, which can be removed after the backing mortar 6 has solidified. 2.5 cm and is compressed downwardly by the sliding sleeve 25. This produces a groove that is deeper than the bottom surface of the concrete support plate 1 and through which surface water can drain. A dashed cover 26 for the joint 24, which may be made of plastic, for example, is shown in dashed lines. A rubber granulate or some other compressible mass may also be provided in the concrete-free gap 24.

Claims (13)

PATENT CLAIMS Gravel-free railway superstructure, with pre-fabricated concrete support plates (1), for accommodating rails, wherein the plates have a larger dimension in the longitudinal direction of the railway superstructure than in the transverse direction and are provided with at least two particularly symmetrically arranged recesses (2); which extend from top to bottom continuously and are in the shape of a polygon, in particular a rectangle, and open downwards, and in particular are provided with different long sides, the longer sides being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the railway superstructure; (9), for example, from a rock leveled with concrete, it extends into at least two recesses (2), wherein a pre-fabricated, rubber-resilient layer (1) is arranged between the preformed concrete support plates (1) and the substrate mortar (6). 11) especially with a rubber-elastic granulate The concrete support plates (1) are spaced apart from one another by their front sides, characterized in that the rubber-elastic layer (11) on the underside of the concrete support plate (1) extends over this plate, in particular by at least 0.02 up to 0.5 times the thickness of the concrete support plate (1), along at least one side, and in particular three sides, in particular its entire circumference, and has a substantially uniform thickness, and that between the end faces optionally provided with a rubber flexible layer is a joint (24), free of concrete, in particular having a width of 0.02 to 1.5 times the thickness of the concrete support slab (1). Gravel rail superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the joint (24) is formed by an overlapping rubber-elastic layer (11). • · - 15 Gravel rail superstructure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at the bottom of the joint (24) there is an overlapping region or a top region. the overlapping regions of the rubber-elastic layer (11) of the two adjacent concrete support plates (1) are reversed respectively. facing downwards and possibly connected, respectively. connected to the underlay mortar (6). Gravel rail superstructure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the joint (24) is covered at the top by a profile or strip (26) of metal, plastic or the like. Gravel rail superstructure according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is provided with a rubber-elastic layer (11) on the underside of the concrete support plates (1), leaving dimensionally precise recesses (2) of the concrete support plate (1). Gravel rail superstructure according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the walls of the recesses (2) are provided in particular with a preformed rubber-elastic layer (12) which covers the rubber-elastic layer (11) on the underside in the region of the recesses (2). ). Gravel rail superstructure according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the concrete support plates (1) are provided with a transverse and longitudinally extending free reinforcement (10), leaving free recesses (2). Gravel rail superstructure according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that only one preformed coating (12) is adhered to the walls of the recesses (2). - 16 of a rubber-elastic material passing through these walls Gravel rail superstructure according to Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the base mortar (6) and the concrete support plate (1) are at least partially arranged on one or two parts of the structure. in one concrete slab, respectively. a concrete tub (7) arranged on the ground. Gravel rail superstructure according to claim 9, characterized in that the concrete trough (7) or the concrete support plate (1) is supported on the ground, in particular by means of completely flat rubber-elastic pads (8). Gravel rail superstructure according to claim 10, characterized in that the rubber-elastic washers (8) are formed by at least two profiles extending in the longitudinal direction of the rail superstructure. Gravel rail superstructure according to claim 10, characterized in that the concrete trough (7) or the concrete support plate (1) is supported on the ground by means of a plurality of separately spaced rubber spring washers (8). Gravel rail superstructure according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a rubber-elastic layer (27) is arranged between the concrete support plate (1) and the side wall (28) of the concrete basin (7), which is fixed to the concrete support plate. (1). • • • Gravel rail superstructure according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the downwardly facing surface of the rubber-elastic layer (11) is provided with a release agent, in particular wax.