CZ2017132A3 - A mixture for the production of pellets based on a mixture of plant biomass and waste sludge and additives - Google Patents

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composition for producing pellets based on plant biomass and waste sludge and additives.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, wood biomass is mainly used for energy purposes. The usable potential of forest biomass (dendromass), for example in the Slovak Republic, is 1.81 million tonnes per year with an energy equivalent of 16.9 PJ. The woodworking industry is also an important source of energy wood waste.

A promising source of fuel biomass consists of energy stands of fast-growing trees and plants, annual and perennial energy crops. Energy stands can be established on areas unsuitable for conventional agricultural and forestry production, on land temporarily excluded from agricultural production, on contaminated soils, suitable only for production for non-food purposes and also on devastated areas in industrial agglomerations. Agricultural biomass plays an important role in the whole energy policy not only in the Slovak Republic. Biomass can be divided into three basic groups in terms of energy utilization: The first group consists of biomass suitable for combustion (production of heat for heating, heating of hot service and technological water, drying of agricultural products, eventually production of electricity), plant phytomass (straw), wood waste (orchards, vineyards, plantation of trees on permanent grassland mainly in mountain and foothill areas), energy plants (Chinese ornaments, sorghum, sorrel, hemp),

The second group consists of biomass suitable for the production of biofuels in the form of methyl ester vegetable oils as a component for diesel fuel (rape, grain) or in the form of bioalcohol as a component for gasoline (corn, cereals, sugar beet, potatoes). with subsequent cogeneration of heat and electricity (excrements of farm animals, green plants, silage).

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Other possible sources are the production of agricultural biomass - cereal straw, maize straw, sunflower straw, winter rape, wood waste from orchards and vineyards.

For example, in order to meet the requirement under Directive 2003/30 / EC on the promotion of the use of biofuels by 2020, Slovakia must allocate an area of 100,000 ha for rape as a raw material for the production of vegetable oil methyl esters as a biofuel component and biodiesel suitable commodities for the production of bioalcohols as biological components in petrol. The projected annual production of biofuels is 200000 tonnes with an energy potential of 7.0 PJ. In the production of such a quantity of biofuels, an additional 400,000 tonnes of biomass suitable for energy use, either by incineration or by biogas production, is produced as waste in the form of compacts or stillage. The energy potential of this biomass represents value

8.4 PJ.

Slovak agriculture can allocate 300 thousand. ha for purpose-built cultivation of green biomass for energy production either in the form of green plants for biogas production (maize, cereals, pulses, etc.) and subsequent cogeneration of electricity and heat, or in the form of energy plants to produce fuel for heat production industrial and technological water or in the drying industry (energy sorrel, chinese ornaments, sorghum, knotweed, technical hemp, etc.), another 32 PJ of energy can be produced. Using this solution, it would be possible to build around 1,000 heat generation plants with 350 kW of combustion.

The energy potential of agricultural biomass is very high and represents theoretically up to 15% of annual energy consumption in the Slovak Republic, which is 800 PJ. Using this potential it would be possible to increase the share of energy produced from renewable energy sources in the SR.

SK 1940-92 A3 19941109 discloses a process for treating biological sludge from wastewater treatment plants to briquettes intended for heating, wherein the waste biological sludge with a dry matter content of 50 to 95% is pressed at a temperature of 20 to 95 ° C at a pressure of 50 to 150 MPa for briquettes. Preferably, the homogenizing substances and / or the addition of the homogenising substances and / or the tl tt t · t · t · t · t · t · t · t · t · t · t · t · t · t Absorbents such as sawdust or wood chips. oily substances.

From CZ 2004-889 A3, fuel for boilers, in particular fluidized bed combustion, is known which is formed from an aerobic fermented mixture of one part by weight of dewatered sewage sludge with a dry matter in the range of 10 to 50% by weight. with 0.5 to 10 wt. parts of solid biowaste. Bio-waste consists of at least one waste material from the group consisting of grass cuttings, hay, tree cuttings, leaves, rapeseed straw or other bio-waste produced by crop production, with the exception of cereal straw, or mixtures thereof. After mixing all its components, the fuel is granulated on a rotary granulator.

The method of producing biofuel from biocalts is also addressed in document SK 287258 B6 20100326.

From the document PL 402910 A1 20130805, a method for producing solid fuel such as pellets or pellets is known. briquettes, from waste paper industry. The process consists of preparing solid fuel by mixing paper sludge with less than 30% water and adding additives and other processing ingredients to the pellets or briquettes, the sludge containing cellulose fibers, adhesives, and 10 to 30% fillers and a calorific value of 8 to 12 MJ / kg.

All these fuels have a limited calorific value, treat waste from only one industrial area and do not use the raw material that is worn tires.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel mixture for the production of combustible pellets which complies with EN ISO 17225-6 for pellets of herbal, fruit and aqueous biomass and a mixture of biomass.

The mixture for the production of pellets based on plant biomass and waste sludge consists of two basic majority components. Plant biomass, which is ground straw from cereals (eg barley, wheat, sunflower, soy) and / or energy

9 ··· · · ··· · · ··· ··· · plants (eg Chinese ornaments, sorghum, sorrel, hemp) and sludge (eg from municipal sewage treatment plants and / or pulp / paper mill) sludge). The proportion of the main components in the pellet mixture is 30-78 wt. % of biomass and 20-68 wt. sludge. This proportion of the main components varies depending on the type of biomass and sludge. The mixture contains a carbon additive, which may be formed by the waste resulting from the pyrolysis of tires, which is essentially carbon, which increases the calorific value of the fuel. The composition contains 1-30 wt. carbon additive. The mixture also contains limestone in the range of 1-5 wt%, which increases the melting point of the ash. Such a blend is a fuel that has a calorific value comparable to a quality graded brown coal (about 17 MJ / kg). Production costs are minimal compared to the production of other types of pellets and briquettes, as the production line does not use a drying line and one of the main components (sludge) is virtually free.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The implementation of the invention will be explained by way of example of an embodiment of the invention. The preferred embodiment has no limiting effect on the scope of protection.

The mixture for the production of plant biomass pellets and waste sludge contains 70 wt. % of vegetable biomass, which consists of ground straw of barley and wheat and an energy plant of Chinese ornaments, 20 wt. % cellulosic paper pulp, 8 wt. % of a fuel additive to increase the calorific value of the fuel produced by the pyrolysis of worn tires and 2 wt. limestone to raise the temperature of ash melting.

The pellets produced from this mixture meet the calorific values and show compliance with the requirements of the solid biofuels standard (non-wood pellets EN ISO 17225-6).

Industrial applicability

Industrial applicability is obvious. The pellet composition based on the mixture of plant biomass and waste sludge and additives of the present invention is useful for energy purposes.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS A composition for producing pellets based on plant biomass, waste sludge and additives, characterized in that it comprises 30 to 78 wt. % biomass, 20-68 wt. % sludge, 1 - 30 wt. carbon additive to increase fuel calorific value, 1-5 wt. limestone for raising the melting temperature of the ash, wherein the plant biomass consists of ground straw from cereals and / or energy plants and the sludge is from urban wastewater treatment plants and / or is cellulosic-paper sludge. Pellet composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon additive is waste from pyrolysis of tires.