CZ38006U1 - A structural panel for wooden houses - Google Patents

Description

Structural panel for wooden buildings

Field of technology

The described technical solution concerns wood-based constructions intended mainly for prefabricated panel construction of houses. Panels in several types are intended for construction. These are wall panels (peripheral and internal) and ceiling or stress panel.

Current state of the art

Prefabricated structural panels are generally called upon as building components for quick and easy construction.

Building with a panel system can be realized according to PUV 2018-34649 "Load-bearing wooden panel structural wall, diffusely open" so that the wall is formed by a wooden frame made of solid wood, preferably KVH prisms (prisms of structural building wood, Konstruktionsvollholz). The interior space is filled with mineral thermal insulation, especially glass. From the inside, the frame is coated with a vapor barrier, a hard wood fiber board. A growth of solid wood is placed on this layer for the installation of distribution systems. Another hard wood fiber board is then attached to this layer and plasterboard on top of it. The outer layer of the wall is made of a wood fiber facade board and an outer plaster layer. The KVH glued prism is used in the construction of the wall, which is connected longitudinally with the help of synthetic adhesives.

The current solution is a panel according to PV 2019-124 "Slotless folding wooden panel", which consists of layers of slats, of which the second layer is at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees to the first layer, but is parallel to the height of the panel. Steel screws are used for connection. It is a separate supporting panel without a frame. The panel construction does not use frame reinforcement with insulation (inserted between the frame) and additional additional insulation on the frame from the other (outer) side of the panel. A slotless panel means that the places where the holes will be filled are omitted in the panel, which is the essence of the solution of this invention. Aluminum screws do not have to be used in case the door or window opening has to be cut after the panel is assembled.

European patent application EP 3779084 A1 "Wooden panel element and use of decorative panels" uses various wood-based materials and feels with emission-free construction with metal connecting elements. This document also does not use diagonally placed layers of wooden slats in the proposed panel.

The utility model CZ 32 929 U1 "Modular structural building system for wooden buildings" uses modular panels covered with OSB boards, which serve to ensure the rigidity of the object. The cohesion of the OSB boards, as the cladding of the frames, is ensured with the help of steel fasteners. This system does not use diagonal reinforcing elements.

European patent application EP 3409860 A1 "Reinforced wooden structural panel" uses the classic construction of glue-laminated wood with the use of chemical substances (synthetic adhesives) in the wooden structure.

The European patent application EP 3015614 A1 "Wall panel for dry construction consisting of a wooden material and wall structure and manufacturing method" uses the crisis of layers of profile elements that are placed parallel, does not use the advantage of layers at an angle. The proposed solution uses wide elements with a half-slot, which are laid in two layers and firmly connected to the frame during prefabrication.

- 1 CZ 38006 U1

The European patent application EP 3127695 A1 "Laminated wooden panel and tower for a wind power station made from laminated wooden panels" uses classic panels made of crisis-glued wood for the construction of wind power plants with only the patterning of the course of the fibers and the thickness of the individual layers for the purpose of imposing static effects. However, it uses surface bonding technology to connect the layers.

Utility model CZ 26755 "Panels with rigidly connected parts, especially for modular solid wood constructions" mainly uses a heavy skeleton in a modular construction. It is not designed as a combination of frame and plastic with the use of diagonally placed wooden layers. The mentioned solution is characterized by high material consumption and difficulty during assembly.

The essence of the technical solution

The subject of the presented technical solution is a structural panel for wooden buildings, which in its basic version contains a wooden frame, the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation. On one (interior) side, a wooden board is attached to the frame, and on the other (exterior) side, a top layer is attached to the frame, which is selected from a group of materials including plasterboard cladding, wooden battens and fiberboard. The connection of the individual layers is ensured by mechanical connecting elements, selected from the group, including clips, screws, nails, etc. the connection is made by their mutual combination.

The material of the wooden frame is grown wood, preferably oak, beech, pine or spruce wood.

The layer of the wooden frame, the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation, preferably has a thickness between 100 and 300 mm, preferably between 140 and 240 mm, most preferably 180 mm.

A wooden board preferably has a thickness between 30 and 100 mm, preferably between 36 and 68 mm, most preferably 42 mm.

The top layer preferably has a thickness between 10 and 110 mm.

A wooden board is advantageously made up of a layer of wooden slats. Wooden slats can be equipped, for example, with a half-slat or a strip and a tongue for tight storage next to each other.

In a preferred embodiment, the wooden board is at least double-layered, whereby the orientation of the wood fibers of one layer overlaps with the orientation of the wood fibers of the adjacent layer of angles between 40 and 70 ^o . The total thickness of the wooden board (all layers) is preferably between 30 and 100 mm.

The individual layers of the wooden board are connected to each other by mechanical means of connection, especially clips, screws and/or nails, or the connection is made by their mutual combination.

In one embodiment, the thermal insulation is cellulose, with the advantage of blown cellulose.

In one embodiment, the top layer is a fiberboard with a thickness ranging from 20 to 100 mm.

In one embodiment, the top layer is plasterboard cladding with a thickness between 10 and 20 mm, preferably 12.5 mm.

In one embodiment, the top layer is a wooden flap with a thickness between 15 and 30 mm, preferably between 20 and 25 mm.

In one embodiment, an airtight foil can be placed between the wooden board and the layer of thermal insulation, advantageously selected from the group including foils with equivalent values

- 2 CZ 38006 U1 diffusion thicknesses Sd from 1 m to 5 m. The thickness of the airtight foil is advantageously between 0.1 and 1 mm.

In one embodiment, the structural panel may further include a surface treatment. This can be placed from the interior side on a wooden board (for example, plasterboard lining, placed directly on a wooden board or on a growth (with a wooden exit), separating the wooden board from the plasterboard lining) or from the exterior on the top layer (thin layer of plaster and base layer).

Plasterboard lining preferably has a thickness between 10 and 20 mm, preferably 12.5 mm.

The growth preferably has a thickness between 40 and 60 mm.

The thin layer of plaster preferably has a thickness between 0.5 and 3 mm, adequate depending on the maximum grain size of the filler.

The base layer is preferably made of the silicate-based sterco material itself and glass silica and has a thickness between 2 and 6 mm, preferably 4 mm. Siphon glass as a reinforcement of the base layer must be covered on both sides with steric material, at least 1 mm of coverage is required on the outside. In general, glass sifovina is placed in the outer third of the thickness of the base layer.

In one embodiment, the structural panel for wooden buildings contains the following layers in the order indicated (from the exterior side):

Thin-layer plaster, base layer, fiberboard, wooden frame, the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation, airtight foil, two-layer wooden board, growth (preferably wooden), plasterboard lining. This design is particularly suitable for a panel for external walls.

In another embodiment, the structural panel for wooden buildings contains the following layers in the order indicated:

Plasterboard cladding, wooden frame, whose interior is filled with thermal insulation, double-layer wooden board, plasterboard cladding. This design is particularly suitable for a panel for internal load-bearing walls.

In another embodiment, the structural panel for wooden buildings contains the following layers in the order indicated:

Plank underlay, wooden frame, the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation, two-layer wooden board. This version is particularly suitable for a panel for ceiling and stress construction.

The size of the panel is typically in the range from 3 m to 9 m in length and from 2.8 to 3.5 m in height. The panels are designed for mutual connection with the help of mechanical connecting means, selected from the group, including clips, screws, nails, etc. the connection is made by their mutual combination.

Clarification of the drawing

fig. 1: Panel composition for external walls

fig. 2: Panel composition for internal load-bearing walls

fig. 3: Panel composition for ceiling and stress structure

- 3 CZ 38006 U1

Examples of implementing a technical solution

Example 1: Structural panel for external walls

The novelty of the presented solution lies in the fact that the panel for the outer walls is formed in the basic structure by a wooden frame 4 made of grown spruce wood. The interior space of the wooden frame 4 is filled with thermal insulation 5, in this version blown cellulose. From the outside, the panel is closed with a soft insulating wood fiber board 3 with a thickness of 50 mm. From the inside, a massive wooden board 7 is attached to the wooden frame 4 through an airtight foil 6, consisting of two layers of wooden slats made of planks, which are placed in such a way that, from the direction of the wood fibers of one layer, relative to the other layer, it forms an angle of 52 to 57 ^o . The wooden slats are provided with a half-groove for tight storage next to each other. The material of the slats is spruce board lumber. The solid wooden board 7 and the outer fiber board 3 are connected to the wooden frame 4 with clips, screws, or nails. The external surface treatment is a thin layer of plaster 1 applied to the base layer 2 with reinforcement. A thin layer of plaster of 1 m with a thickness of approx. 2.5 mm according to the maximum size of the filler grain.

Base layer 2 is made of silicate-based steric material and glass mesh and has a thickness of 4 mm. The glass mesh as a reinforcement of the base layer 2 is covered on both sides with steric material.

From the inside, a lath growth 8 is attached to a two-layer wooden board 7 made of wooden slats, and a plasterboard covering 9 is attached to it (see Table 1 and Fig. 1).

Table 1: Panel composition for external walls

The composition of the panel construction for the outer walls Fat woman 1. A thin layer of plaster 2.5 2. Base layer incl. glass sieves 4 3. Fiberboard 50 4. Wooden frames (grown wood 80^180 mm) 180 5. Thermal insulation (blown cellulose Climatizer+) 180 6. Airtight foil DB+ reinforcement (Pro clima®) 0.23 7. Two-layer wooden board (plank orientation diagonal), stapled in the surface, half-slat joint 42 8. Lath growth (40x60 mm) 40 9. SDK tile 12.5

Example 2: Structural panel for internal load-bearing walls

Another proposed solution is a panel for the internal load-bearing walls, which is formed by a wooden frame 4 made of grown spruce wood. The interior space of the wooden frame 4 is filled with thermal insulation 5, in this version blown cellulose. From the inside, a massive wooden plate 7 is attached to the wooden frame 4, formed by two layers of wooden slats, which are placed in such a way that, from the direction of the wood fibers of one layer, with respect to the other layer, they form an angle of 52 to 57 ^o . The material of the slats is spruce board lumber. The wooden slats are provided with a half-groove for tight storage next to each other. Layers of wood

- 4 CZ 38006 U1 slats are connected to the wooden frame with 4 clips, screws, or nails. The outer layers on both sides are made of plasterboard. (see Table 2 and Fig. 2).

Table 2: Panel composition for internal load-bearing walls

The composition of the panel construction for the internal load-bearing walls Thick|mm| 9. SDK tile 12.5 4. Wooden post (grown wood 60^140 mm) 140.0 5. Thermal insulation (blown cellulose Climatizer+) 140.0 7. Two-layer wooden board (orientation of the boards diagonally), stapled in the surface, joint on half-slat 42.0 9. SDK tile 12.5

Example 3: Construction panel for ceiling and stress construction

Another presented panel solution is intended for ceiling and stress construction. The panel is formed by a wooden frame 4 made of spruce wood. The interior space of the wooden frame 4 is filled with thermal insulation 5, in this version blown cellulose. From the upper side, the wooden frame 4 is covered with a solid wooden board 7, formed by two layers of wooden lamellas, which are placed in such a way that, from the direction of the wood fibers of one layer, with respect to the other layer, the angle is 52 ^o to 57 ^o . The wooden slats are provided with a half-groove for tight storage next to each other. From the bottom side, the panel is closed with one layer of wooden slats (plank battens 10), which are placed perpendicular to the direction of the ceiling beam. The wooden slats are provided with a half-groove for tight storage next to each other. The material of the lamellas of the solid wooden board 7 and the plank underlay 10 is spruce plank lumber. All layers of wooden slats are connected to the wooden frame with 4 clips, screws or nails (see Table 3 and Fig. 3).

Table 3: Panel composition for ceiling and stress construction

Composition of panel construction for ceiling and stress construction Thickness [mm] 7. Two-layer wooden board (orientation of the boards diagonally), stapled in the surface, joint on half-slat 42.0 4. Ceiling beam/stress rafter (grown wood 120x240 mm) 240 5. Thermal insulation (blown cellulose Climatizer+) 240 10. To beat the planks 21

During mechanical loading, the panels are stressed by various human activity, environmental influences or simple mechanical load. The proposed technical solution of the reinforcement of the panel will increase its mechanical properties with a minimal increase in the purchase price.

Claims (17)

1. Structural panel for wooden buildings, characterized by the fact that it contains a wooden frame (4), the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation (5), whereby on one side a wooden board (7) is attached to the frame (4) and on the other side the top layer is attached to the frame, selected from the group including plasterboard cladding (9), wooden underlays (10), fiberboard (3), through which the connection of the individual layers is made by mechanical fasteners. 2. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the layer of the wooden frame (4), the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation (5), has a thickness between 100 and 300 mm. 3. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the wooden board (7) has a thickness between 30 and 100 mm. 4. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the top layer has a thickness between 10 and 110 mm. 5. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the top layer is a fiber board (3) with a thickness ranging from 20 to 100 mm. 6. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the top layer is a plasterboard lining (9) with a thickness between 10 and 20 mm, with an opening of 12.5 mm. 7. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the top layer is a plank sub-base (10) with a thickness ranging from 15 to 30 mm, with a gap of 20 to 25 mm. 8. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wooden board (7) is formed by at least one layer of wooden slats. 9. A structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the previous claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that the wooden board (7) is at least two-layered, whereby the orientation of the wood fibers of one layer overlaps with the orientation of the wood fibers of the adjacent layers of angles between 40 and 70°, through which the individual layers of the wooden board (7) are connected to each other by mechanical connecting means. 10. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the previous claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that the thermal insulation (5) is blown cellulose. 11. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the previous claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that an airtight foil (6) is placed between the wooden board (7) and the layer of the wooden frame (4), the inner space of which is filled with thermal insulation (5) ), with a thickness difference between 0.1 and 1 mm. 12. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that it further contains a surface treatment placed on a wooden board (7) and/or on the top layer, whereby the surface treatment is selected from the group including plasterboard lining (9 ), the base layer (2) consisting of sterco material on a silicate base and glass sifovina, and a thin layer of plaster (1). 13. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the surface treatment is plasterboard cladding (9), placed on the growth (8), with a wooden edge, placed between the wooden board (7) and said plasterboard cladding (9). 14. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that it contains the following layers in the order indicated: - 6 CZ 38006 U1 thin-layer plaster (1), base layer (2), fiberboard (3), wooden frame (4), the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation (5), airtight foil (6), two-layer wooden board ( 7), growth (8), cardboard lining (9). 15. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the previous claims 1 to 13, 5 characterized by the fact that it contains the following layers in the order indicated: plasterboard cladding (9), wooden frame (4), the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation (5), two-layer wooden board (7), plasterboard cladding (9). 16. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that it contains the following layers in the order indicated: 10 plank underlays (10), wooden frame (4), the interior of which is filled with thermal insulation (5), two-layer wooden board (7). 17. Structural panel for wooden buildings according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the size of the panel is between 3 m and 9 m long and between 2.8 and 3.5 m high.